---
_id: '14069'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: As automation is progressively more present in buildings, it is important
to understand its impact on people’s experience of urban environments. This case
study investigated how one automated shading system with motorized venetian blinds
affects sound perception of the acoustic environment in the immediate outdoor
surroundings of a university campus building in Detmold, Germany. Procedures of
ISO 12913 series for soundscape research were followed to conduct acoustic measurements
and derive psychoacoustic indicators. Additionally, soundwalks involving 41 participants
and a laboratory study using immersive virtual reality (VR) with 34 participants
were conducted to assess how individuals perceive the acoustic environment. The
results show that the operation of automated blinds increases sound levels above
reference thresholds at short distances, and has a consistent effect on the soundscape,
shifting it from pleasant and calm to annoying and chaotic. These trends are notable
in both on-site and laboratory data. Additionally, when participants evaluated
the soundscape in direct visual connection with the operating façade shading system,
they perceived the sounds to be less chaotic than when they were not seeing the
façade. These findings highlight that automated buildings and façades are active
sound sources capable of influencing environmental quality through acoustic and
non-acoustic effects; therefore, their influence on the soundscape should be considered
within performance assessments, smart/automation policy, and sustainability frameworks.
article_number: '111498'
author:
- first_name: Alvaro
full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro
id: '74171'
last_name: Balderrama
orcid: 0000-0002-4118-2838
- first_name: Alessandra
full_name: Luna-Navarro, Alessandra
last_name: Luna-Navarro
- first_name: Jian
full_name: Kang, Jian
last_name: Kang
- first_name: Hussam
full_name: Al Basha, Hussam
last_name: Al Basha
- first_name: Eric
full_name: Verschuur, Eric
last_name: Verschuur
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Arztmann, Daniel
id: '58805'
last_name: Arztmann
- first_name: Ulrich
full_name: Knaack, Ulrich
id: '27160'
last_name: Knaack
citation:
ama: Balderrama A, Luna-Navarro A, Kang J, et al. Influence of automated façades
on the soundscape outside of buildings. Applied Acoustics. 2026;254. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498
apa: Balderrama, A., Luna-Navarro, A., Kang, J., Al Basha, H., Verschuur, E., Arztmann,
D., & Knaack, U. (2026). Influence of automated façades on the soundscape
outside of buildings. Applied Acoustics, 254, Article 111498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498
bjps: Balderrama A et al. (2026) Influence of Automated Façades on
the Soundscape Outside of Buildings. Applied Acoustics 254.
chicago: Balderrama, Alvaro, Alessandra Luna-Navarro, Jian Kang, Hussam Al Basha,
Eric Verschuur, Daniel Arztmann, and Ulrich Knaack. “Influence of Automated Façades
on the Soundscape Outside of Buildings.” Applied Acoustics 254 (2026).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498.
chicago-de: Balderrama, Alvaro, Alessandra Luna-Navarro, Jian Kang, Hussam Al Basha,
Eric Verschuur, Daniel Arztmann und Ulrich Knaack. 2026. Influence of automated
façades on the soundscape outside of buildings. Applied Acoustics 254.
doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498,
.
din1505-2-1: 'Balderrama, Alvaro ;
Luna-Navarro, Alessandra ; Kang, Jian ; Al
Basha, Hussam ; Verschuur, Eric
; Arztmann, Daniel ; Knaack,
Ulrich: Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings.
In: Applied Acoustics Bd. 254. Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier (2026)'
havard: A. Balderrama, A. Luna-Navarro, J. Kang, H. Al Basha, E. Verschuur, D. Arztmann,
U. Knaack, Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings,
Applied Acoustics. 254 (2026).
ieee: 'A. Balderrama et al., “Influence of automated façades on the soundscape
outside of buildings,” Applied Acoustics, vol. 254, Art. no. 111498, 2026,
doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498.'
mla: Balderrama, Alvaro, et al. “Influence of Automated Façades on the Soundscape
Outside of Buildings.” Applied Acoustics, vol. 254, 111498, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498.
short: A. Balderrama, A. Luna-Navarro, J. Kang, H. Al Basha, E. Verschuur, D. Arztmann,
U. Knaack, Applied Acoustics 254 (2026).
ufg: 'Balderrama, Alvaro u. a.: Influence of automated façades on the soundscape
outside of buildings, in: Applied Acoustics 254 (2026).'
van: Balderrama A, Luna-Navarro A, Kang J, Al Basha H, Verschuur E, Arztmann D,
et al. Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings.
Applied Acoustics. 2026;254.
date_created: 2026-09-30T10:13:50Z
date_updated: 2026-10-01T14:28:02Z
department:
- _id: DEP1634
doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498
intvolume: ' 254'
keyword:
- Urban
- Soundscape
- Acoustic
- Perception
- Comfort
- Sustainability
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
publication: Applied Acoustics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1872-910X
issn:
- 0003-682X
publication_status: published
publisher: 'Elsevier '
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 254
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '14070'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Deploying digital twins across the broader building stock is constrained
by a key bottleneck: high-quality 3D content from LiDAR or photogrammetry remains
labor-intensive and difficult to scale. We introduce Generative Twins (GT), a
workflow that shifts digital twin creation from explicit geometric reconstruction
toward probabilistic 3D synthesis. The pipeline takes a\r\nsingle street-level
façade photograph, corrects perspective distortion and removes occlusions, uses
an instruction-conditioned multimodal image model to synthesise an isometric view
of the building, and passes that view to an image-to-3D reconstruction model that
leverages learned shape priors to produce a textured mesh without manual modelling.
Three image to-3D platforms (Hitem3D, Hyper3D and Hunyuan3D 3.1) are compared
on identical isometric inputs and assessed on architectural boundary clarity.
We demonstrate GT through two applied cases: (i) reconstruction of ordinary residential
streets in Detmold as stimuli for a virtual-reality study of multi sensory urban
perception, and (ii) Green Editor, a design-exploration tool in which façade greenery
is added or removed at the image layer before mesh generation.\r\nTogether these
cases position Generative Twins as a scalable pathway for the digitization of
ordinary building stock, with emphasis on controllability, editability, and iterative
design workflows."
author:
- first_name: Mohamed Khaled
full_name: Ashmawy, Mohamed Khaled
id: '81286'
last_name: Ashmawy
- first_name: Buse
full_name: Akay, Buse
id: '88405'
last_name: Akay
- first_name: Alvaro
full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro
id: '74171'
last_name: Balderrama
orcid: 0000-0002-4118-2838
citation:
ama: 'Ashmawy MK, Akay B, Balderrama A. Towards Generative Twins: An AI Based
Pipeline from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic Synthesis. Vol 1.
eCAADe; 2026. doi:10.52842/conf.ecaade.2026.1.619'
apa: 'Ashmawy, M. K., Akay, B., & Balderrama, A. (2026). Towards Generative
Twins: An AI Based Pipeline from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic Synthesis.
In eCAADe proceedings (Vol. 1). eCAADe. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2026.1.619'
bjps: 'Ashmawy MK, Akay B and Balderrama A (2026) Towards Generative Twins:
An AI Based Pipeline from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic Synthesis.
eCAADe.'
chicago: 'Ashmawy, Mohamed Khaled, Buse Akay, and Alvaro Balderrama. Towards
Generative Twins: An AI Based Pipeline from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic
Synthesis. ECAADe Proceedings. Vol. 1. eCAADe, 2026. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2026.1.619.'
chicago-de: 'Ashmawy, Mohamed Khaled, Buse Akay und Alvaro Balderrama. 2026. Towards
Generative Twins: An AI Based Pipeline from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic
Synthesis. eCAADe proceedings. Bd. 1. eCAADe. doi:10.52842/conf.ecaade.2026.1.619,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Ashmawy, Mohamed Khaled
; Akay, Buse ; Balderrama,
Alvaro: Towards Generative Twins: An AI Based Pipeline from Explicit
3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic Synthesis. Bd. 1 : eCAADe, 2026'
havard: 'M.K. Ashmawy, B. Akay, A. Balderrama, Towards Generative Twins: An AI Based
Pipeline from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic Synthesis, eCAADe, 2026.'
ieee: 'M. K. Ashmawy, B. Akay, and A. Balderrama, Towards Generative Twins: An
AI Based Pipeline from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic Synthesis,
vol. 1. eCAADe, 2026. doi: 10.52842/conf.ecaade.2026.1.619.'
mla: 'Ashmawy, Mohamed Khaled, et al. “Towards Generative Twins: An AI Based Pipeline
from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic Synthesis.” ECAADe Proceedings,
vol. 1, eCAADe, 2026, https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2026.1.619.'
short: 'M.K. Ashmawy, B. Akay, A. Balderrama, Towards Generative Twins: An AI Based
Pipeline from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic Synthesis, eCAADe, 2026.'
ufg: 'Ashmawy, Mohamed Khaled/Akay, Buse/Balderrama, Alvaro: Towards Generative
Twins: An AI Based Pipeline from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic Synthesis,
Bd. 1, o. O. 2026.'
van: 'Ashmawy MK, Akay B, Balderrama A. Towards Generative Twins: An AI Based Pipeline
from Explicit 3D Reconstruction to Probabilistic Synthesis. Vol. 1, eCAADe proceedings.
eCAADe; 2026.'
conference:
end_date: 2026-09-11
location: Lübeck
name: 44. eCAADe-Konferenz
start_date: 2026-09-07
date_created: 2026-09-30T10:14:15Z
date_updated: 2026-10-01T14:28:23Z
department:
- _id: DEP1634
doi: 10.52842/conf.ecaade.2026.1.619
intvolume: ' 1'
keyword:
- Digital Twins
- Virtual Reality (VR
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Image-to-3D
- Generative Design.
language:
- iso: eng
publication: eCAADe proceedings
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2684-1843
publication_status: published
publisher: eCAADe
status: public
title: 'Towards Generative Twins: An AI Based Pipeline from Explicit 3D Reconstruction
to Probabilistic Synthesis'
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 1
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '14067'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "\r\nBackground: The use of building automation technology is rising as it
is often adopted by sustainable design principles, offering notable opportunities
for improving aspects such as energy efficiency and human comfort (e.g., daylight,
temperature, air quality).\r\n\r\nRationale: The integration of mechanical equipment
on building envelopes such as motorized sun-shading systems introduce a series
of sounds, different from traditional sources in urban environments. Buildings
with higher levels of automation and moving elements can be expected to become
more prevalent with the increasing densification of cities and the progress of
smart technologies.\r\n\r\nMethods: This study examines the effects of an automated
shading system on the acoustic environment around a building, through a case study
conducted in accordance with ISO 12913 guidelines for soundscape data collection
and analysis. The methodology involves sound level measurements and binaural recordings
to derive psychoacoustic indicators, as well as questionnaires to survey people’s
perception on-site, and a laboratory experiment with virtual reality (VR).\r\n\r\nResults:
The soundwalks and the laboratory experiment showed that when the shading system
is moving, soundscape perception typically shifts toward chaotic and annoying.
These effects were only worse in combination with other sources such as a nearby
kindergarten. However, when the façade is still, and without kindergarten noise,
the soundscape around the building is mainly perceived as pleasant, calm, and
vibrant. The acoustic analysis revealed that the shading system can increase noise
levels by up to 20 dBA over the background noise at 1 meter from the façade, with
levels gradually blending the background at about 25 meters from the building.\r\n\r\nConclusions:
The results reveal that motorized shading systems in a context like this case
study can significantly degrade the acoustic environment outdoors, raising sound
levels beyond recommended safety thresholds, and negatively affecting people’s
perception.\r\n"
author:
- first_name: Alvaro
full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro
id: '74171'
last_name: Balderrama
orcid: 0000-0002-4118-2838
- first_name: Alessandra
full_name: ' Luna Navarro, Alessandra'
last_name: ' Luna Navarro'
- first_name: Jian
full_name: ' Kang, Jian'
last_name: ' Kang'
citation:
ama: Balderrama A, Luna Navarro A, Kang J. Building Automation and Urban Soundscape.
Zenodo; 2025. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.14608579
apa: Balderrama, A., Luna Navarro, A., & Kang, J. (2025). Building automation
and urban soundscape. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14608579
bjps: Balderrama A, Luna Navarro A and Kang J (2025) Building Automation
and Urban Soundscape. Zenodo.
chicago: Balderrama, Alvaro, Alessandra Luna Navarro, and Jian Kang. Building
Automation and Urban Soundscape. Zenodo, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14608579.
chicago-de: Balderrama, Alvaro, Alessandra Luna Navarro und Jian Kang. 2025. Building
automation and urban soundscape. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.14608579,
.
din1505-2-1: 'Balderrama, Alvaro ;
Luna Navarro, Alessandra ; Kang, Jian: Building automation and
urban soundscape : Zenodo, 2025'
havard: A. Balderrama, A. Luna Navarro, J. Kang, Building automation and urban
soundscape, Zenodo, 2025.
ieee: 'A. Balderrama, A. Luna Navarro, and J. Kang, Building automation and
urban soundscape. Zenodo, 2025. doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.14608579.'
mla: Balderrama, Alvaro, et al. Building Automation and Urban Soundscape.
Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14608579.
short: A. Balderrama, A. Luna Navarro, J. Kang, Building Automation and Urban
Soundscape, Zenodo, 2025.
ufg: 'Balderrama, Alvaro/ Luna Navarro, Alessandra/ Kang, Jian: Building
automation and urban soundscape, o. O. 2025.'
van: Balderrama A, Luna Navarro A, Kang J. Building automation and urban soundscape.
Zenodo; 2025.
date_created: 2026-09-30T10:12:53Z
date_updated: 2026-10-01T14:45:04Z
department:
- _id: DEP1634
doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.14608579
publisher: Zenodo
status: public
title: Building automation and urban soundscape
type: research_data
user_id: '83781'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '14068'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Personalised Environmental Control Systems (PECS) enable occupants to locally
adjust environmental parameters without affecting others. Rooted in the fields
of thermal and air quality management, this approach is key for enhancing satisfaction
and well-being in the built environment by empowering occupants to control their
immediate surroundings. Moreover, it offers energy-saving potential by optimizing
conditions in targeted areas rather than across the entire environment. Within
the framework of the IEA EBC Annex 87, the concept was explored for the first
time in the acoustic domain. After defining Acoustic PECS, a systematic review
according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted to unpack (1) technologies in the
literature aligning with this concept; (2) their impact on occupants; and (3)
current limitations. The literature search, conducted on Scopus, Web of Science,
APA, and PubMed, included field or laboratory studies assessing systems enabling
local acoustic control in settings that are relevant for office environments.
Review papers, medical device studies, and reports without insights on occupant
impact were excluded. Thirty-eight studies were selected, covering active and
passive systems, building-attached, furniture-integrated, and wearable devices.
The qualitative analysis highlighted potential positive effects in challenging
acoustic environments, including reduced annoyance, improved work performance,
masking or cancellation of intrusive noises, and enhancements in short-term memory,
among other benefits, despite existing technological and methodological limitations.
The evidence collected is constrained by the limited number of identified studies
and methodological gaps stemming from the relatively wide focus of the studies
where such devices were investigated. The definition of Acoustic PECS provides
a foundation for future research, guiding the development of these systems and
fostering high-quality and consistent evidence of their impacts.
article_number: '113243'
author:
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Torresin, Simone
last_name: Torresin
- first_name: Larissa Pereira
full_name: de Souza, Larissa Pereira
last_name: de Souza
- first_name: Seda Yuksel
full_name: Dicle, Seda Yuksel
last_name: Dicle
- first_name: Douaa
full_name: Al-Assaad, Douaa
last_name: Al-Assaad
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Aletta, Francesco
last_name: Aletta
- first_name: Alvaro
full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro
id: '74171'
last_name: Balderrama
orcid: 0000-0002-4118-2838
- first_name: Mariya P.
full_name: Bivolarova, Mariya P.
last_name: Bivolarova
- first_name: Pyoung-Jik
full_name: Lee, Pyoung-Jik
last_name: Lee
- first_name: Josep
full_name: Llorca-Bofí, Josep
last_name: Llorca-Bofí
- first_name: Henna
full_name: Maula, Henna
last_name: Maula
- first_name: Alessandra Luna
full_name: Navarro, Alessandra Luna
last_name: Navarro
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Pigliautile, Ilaria
last_name: Pigliautile
- first_name: Anna Laura
full_name: Pisello, Anna Laura
last_name: Pisello
- first_name: Zhibin
full_name: Wu, Zhibin
last_name: Wu
citation:
ama: 'Torresin S, de Souza LP, Dicle SY, et al. Definition and performance of acoustic
personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review.
Building and environment : the international journal of building science and
its applications. 2025;282. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243'
apa: 'Torresin, S., de Souza, L. P., Dicle, S. Y., Al-Assaad, D., Aletta, F., Balderrama,
A., Bivolarova, M. P., Lee, P.-J., Llorca-Bofí, J., Maula, H., Navarro, A. L.,
Pigliautile, I., Pisello, A. L., & Wu, Z. (2025). Definition and performance
of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic
review. Building and Environment : The International Journal of Building Science
and Its Applications, 282, Article 113243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243'
bjps: 'Torresin S et al. (2025) Definition and Performance of Acoustic
Personalised Environmental Control Systems (Acoustic PECS): A Systematic Review.
Building and environment : the international journal of building science and
its applications 282.'
chicago: 'Torresin, Simone, Larissa Pereira de Souza, Seda Yuksel Dicle, Douaa Al-Assaad,
Francesco Aletta, Alvaro Balderrama, Mariya P. Bivolarova, et al. “Definition
and Performance of Acoustic Personalised Environmental Control Systems (Acoustic
PECS): A Systematic Review.” Building and Environment : The International Journal
of Building Science and Its Applications 282 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243.'
chicago-de: 'Torresin, Simone, Larissa Pereira de Souza, Seda Yuksel Dicle, Douaa
Al-Assaad, Francesco Aletta, Alvaro Balderrama, Mariya P. Bivolarova, u. a. 2025.
Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems
(acoustic PECS): A systematic review. Building and environment : the international
journal of building science and its applications 282. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Torresin,
Simone ; de Souza, Larissa Pereira
; Dicle, Seda Yuksel ; Al-Assaad,
Douaa ; Aletta, Francesco
; Balderrama, Alvaro ; Bivolarova,
Mariya P. ; Lee, Pyoung-Jik
; u. a.: Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental
control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review. In: Building and environment :
the international journal of building science and its applications Bd. 282.
Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2025)'
havard: 'S. Torresin, L.P. de Souza, S.Y. Dicle, D. Al-Assaad, F. Aletta, A. Balderrama,
M.P. Bivolarova, P.-J. Lee, J. Llorca-Bofí, H. Maula, A.L. Navarro, I. Pigliautile,
A.L. Pisello, Z. Wu, Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental
control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review, Building and Environment :
The International Journal of Building Science and Its Applications. 282 (2025).'
ieee: 'S. Torresin et al., “Definition and performance of acoustic personalised
environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review,” Building
and environment : the international journal of building science and its applications,
vol. 282, Art. no. 113243, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243.'
mla: 'Torresin, Simone, et al. “Definition and Performance of Acoustic Personalised
Environmental Control Systems (Acoustic PECS): A Systematic Review.” Building
and Environment : The International Journal of Building Science and Its Applications,
vol. 282, 113243, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243.'
short: 'S. Torresin, L.P. de Souza, S.Y. Dicle, D. Al-Assaad, F. Aletta, A. Balderrama,
M.P. Bivolarova, P.-J. Lee, J. Llorca-Bofí, H. Maula, A.L. Navarro, I. Pigliautile,
A.L. Pisello, Z. Wu, Building and Environment : The International Journal of Building
Science and Its Applications 282 (2025).'
ufg: 'Torresin, Simone u. a.: Definition and performance of acoustic personalised
environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review, in: Building
and environment : the international journal of building science and its applications
282 (2025).'
van: 'Torresin S, de Souza LP, Dicle SY, Al-Assaad D, Aletta F, Balderrama A, et
al. Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control
systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review. Building and environment : the international
journal of building science and its applications. 2025;282.'
date_created: 2026-09-30T10:13:09Z
date_updated: 2026-10-01T14:35:36Z
department:
- _id: DEP1634
doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243
intvolume: ' 282'
keyword:
- PECS
- Personalized environmental control systems
- Acoustic coustic PECS
- Acoustic comfort
- Indoor Environmental Quality
- Headphones
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
publication: 'Building and environment : the international journal of building science
and its applications'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1873-684X
issn:
- 0360-1323
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control
systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 282
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '14065'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'As cities continue to expand and densify, understanding how buildings affect
people’s perception and experience of the acoustic environment in context becomes
more relevant. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the influence of
façades on the urban soundscape, based on the ISO 12913 series, in order to analyze
the three main elements of the soundscape: people, acoustic environment and context,
along with façade as a fourth element. The methodology included literature review,
as well as an exploration of the ISO 12913 methods for soundscape assessment via
soundwalks and laboratory experiments involving a total of forty-three (n = 43)
participants. The results provide a promising framework for façade analysis to
progress toward the integration of human-centered approaches into the field of
façade acoustics and complement current building physics practice.'
author:
- first_name: Alvaro
full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro
id: '74171'
last_name: Balderrama
orcid: 0000-0002-4118-2838
- first_name: Alessandra
full_name: Luna-Navarro, Alessandra
last_name: Luna-Navarro
- first_name: Jian
full_name: Kang, Jian
last_name: Kang
citation:
ama: Balderrama A, Luna-Navarro A, Kang J. The Role of Façades in the Composition
of Urban Soundscapes. Vol 555. (Berardi U, ed.). Springer Nature Singapore;
2024:399-404. doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8317-5_58
apa: 'Balderrama, A., Luna-Navarro, A., & Kang, J. (2024). The Role of Façades
in the Composition of Urban Soundscapes. In U. Berardi (Ed.), Multiphysics
and Multiscale Building Physics : Proceedings of the 9th International Building
Physics Conference (IBPC 2024) Volume 4: Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Lighting and
Acoustics (Vol. 555, pp. 399–404). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8317-5_58'
bjps: 'Balderrama A, Luna-Navarro A and Kang J (2024) The Role of Façades
in the Composition of Urban Soundscapes, Berardi U (ed.). Singapore: Springer
Nature Singapore.'
chicago: 'Balderrama, Alvaro, Alessandra Luna-Navarro, and Jian Kang. The Role
of Façades in the Composition of Urban Soundscapes. Edited by Umberto Berardi.
Multiphysics and Multiscale Building Physics : Proceedings of the 9th International
Building Physics Conference (IBPC 2024) Volume 4: Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Lighting
and Acoustics. Vol. 555. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering . Singapore:
Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8317-5_58.'
chicago-de: 'Balderrama, Alvaro, Alessandra Luna-Navarro und Jian Kang. 2024. The
Role of Façades in the Composition of Urban Soundscapes. Hg. von Umberto Berardi.
Multiphysics and Multiscale Building Physics : Proceedings of the 9th International
Building Physics Conference (IBPC 2024) Volume 4: Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Lighting
and Acoustics. Bd. 555. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering . Singapore: Springer
Nature Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8317-5_58,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Balderrama, Alvaro ;
Luna-Navarro, Alessandra ; Kang, Jian ; Berardi,
U. (Hrsg.): The Role of Façades in the Composition of Urban Soundscapes,
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering . Bd. 555. Singapore : Springer Nature
Singapore, 2024'
havard: A. Balderrama, A. Luna-Navarro, J. Kang, The Role of Façades in the Composition
of Urban Soundscapes, Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.
ieee: 'A. Balderrama, A. Luna-Navarro, and J. Kang, The Role of Façades in the
Composition of Urban Soundscapes, vol. 555. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore,
2024, pp. 399–404. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-8317-5_58.'
mla: 'Balderrama, Alvaro, et al. “The Role of Façades in the Composition of Urban
Soundscapes.” Multiphysics and Multiscale Building Physics : Proceedings of
the 9th International Building Physics Conference (IBPC 2024) Volume 4: Indoor
Air Quality (IAQ), Lighting and Acoustics, edited by Umberto Berardi, vol.
555, Springer Nature Singapore, 2024, pp. 399–404, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8317-5_58.'
short: A. Balderrama, A. Luna-Navarro, J. Kang, The Role of Façades in the Composition
of Urban Soundscapes, Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2024.
ufg: 'Balderrama, Alvaro/Luna-Navarro, Alessandra/Kang, Jian: The Role of
Façades in the Composition of Urban Soundscapes, Bd. 555, hg. von Berardi, Umberto,
Singapore 2024 ( Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ).'
van: 'Balderrama A, Luna-Navarro A, Kang J. The Role of Façades in the Composition
of Urban Soundscapes. Berardi U, editor. Multiphysics and Multiscale Building
Physics : Proceedings of the 9th International Building Physics Conference (IBPC
2024) Volume 4: Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Lighting and Acoustics. Singapore: Springer
Nature Singapore; 2024. ( Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ; vol. 555).'
conference:
end_date: 2024-07-27
location: 'Toronto, Ontario, Canada '
name: '9th International Building Physics Conference (IBPC 2024) '
start_date: 2024-07-25
date_created: 2026-09-30T10:12:09Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T07:33:11Z
department:
- _id: DEP1634
doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-8317-5_58
editor:
- first_name: 'Umberto '
full_name: 'Berardi, Umberto '
last_name: Berardi
intvolume: ' 555'
keyword:
- Acoustics
- Soundscape
- Perception
- Noise
- Comfort
- Sustainability
language:
- iso: eng
page: ' 399–404'
place: Singapore
publication: 'Multiphysics and Multiscale Building Physics : Proceedings of the 9th
International Building Physics Conference (IBPC 2024) Volume 4: Indoor Air Quality
(IAQ), Lighting and Acoustics'
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-981-97-8317-5
eissn:
- 2366-2565
isbn:
- 978-981-97-8316-8
issn:
- 2366-2557
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
series_title: ' Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering '
status: public
title: The Role of Façades in the Composition of Urban Soundscapes
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 555
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '14066'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Rising challenges in cities worldwide, such as densification, contamination,
and climatic events, often accelerate technological developments within the construction
industry. Concepts like smart cities and autonomous buildings are gaining popularity
as examples of sustainable design. However, the use of mechanical equipment and
other technologies related to human activities tends to produce unwanted sounds,
increasing the risk of noise pollution and potentially degrading people’s experiences
around certain buildings. Façades can also be involved in the production of sounds
produced by geophysical or biological sources. This paper presents a preliminary
classification of sound emissions by façades based on literature review, and provides
three case studies of buildings that produce sounds in the city of Santa Cruz
de la Sierra, Bolivia. This research provides valuable insights into the potential
impact of façade design on the urban acoustic environment, which should be an
essential consideration in assessing a building's sustainability.
author:
- first_name: Alvaro
full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro
id: '74171'
last_name: Balderrama
orcid: 0000-0002-4118-2838
citation:
ama: 'Balderrama A. Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting
Façades. researchgate; 2024. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.17254.95049'
apa: 'Balderrama, A. (2024). Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting
Façades. researchgate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17254.95049'
bjps: 'Balderrama A (2024) Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of
Sound-Emitting Façades. researchgate.'
chicago: 'Balderrama, Alvaro. Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting
Façades. researchgate, 2024. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17254.95049.'
chicago-de: 'Balderrama, Alvaro. 2024. Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies
of Sound-Emitting Façades. researchgate. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.17254.95049,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Balderrama, Alvaro:
Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting Façades : researchgate,
2024'
havard: 'A. Balderrama, Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting
Façades, researchgate, 2024.'
ieee: 'A. Balderrama, Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting
Façades. researchgate, 2024. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17254.95049.'
mla: 'Balderrama, Alvaro. Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting
Façades. researchgate, 2024, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17254.95049.'
short: 'A. Balderrama, Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting
Façades, researchgate, 2024.'
ufg: 'Balderrama, Alvaro: Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting
Façades, o. O. 2024.'
van: 'Balderrama A. Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting Façades.
researchgate; 2024.'
date_created: 2026-09-30T10:12:27Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T06:59:32Z
department:
- _id: DEP1634
doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17254.95049
keyword:
- Architecture
- Acoustics
- Soundscape
- Noise
- Sustainable Development
publisher: researchgate
status: public
title: 'Noisy Buildings: Review and Case Studies of Sound-Emitting Façades'
type: research_data
user_id: '83781'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '11657'
alternative_title:
- special issue impulses from teaching and research
citation:
ama: Balderrama A, Arztmann D, eds. Design Strategies. Vol 2023. Technische
Hochschule Ost-Westfalen Lippe; 2024.
apa: 'Design Strategies. (2024). In A. Balderrama & D. Arztmann (Eds.), Sustainable
facades ::: summer semester report (Vol. 2023, Issue 9). Technische Hochschule
Ost-Westfalen Lippe.'
bjps: Balderrama A and Arztmann D (eds) (2024) Design Strategies.
Technische Hochschule Ost-Westfalen Lippe.
chicago: 'Balderrama, Alvaro, and Daniel Arztmann, eds. Design Strategies.
Sustainable Facades ::: Summer Semester Report. Vol. 2023. Technische Hochschule
Ost-Westfalen Lippe, 2024.'
chicago-de: 'Balderrama, Alvaro und Daniel Arztmann, Hrsg. 2024. Design Strategies.
Sustainable facades ::: summer semester report. Bd. 2023. Technische Hochschule
Ost-Westfalen Lippe.'
din1505-2-1: 'Balderrama, A. ; Arztmann, D. (Hrsg.): Design Strategies.
Bd. 2023 : Technische Hochschule Ost-Westfalen Lippe, 2024'
havard: A. Balderrama, D. Arztmann, eds., Design Strategies, Technische Hochschule
Ost-Westfalen Lippe, 2024.
ieee: A. Balderrama and D. Arztmann, Eds., Design Strategies, vol. 2023,
no. 9. Technische Hochschule Ost-Westfalen Lippe, 2024.
mla: 'Balderrama, Alvaro, and Daniel Arztmann, editors. “Design Strategies.” Sustainable
Facades ::: Summer Semester Report, vol. 2023, no. 9, Technische Hochschule
Ost-Westfalen Lippe, 2024.'
short: A. Balderrama, D. Arztmann, eds., Design Strategies, Technische Hochschule
Ost-Westfalen Lippe, 2024.
ufg: 'Balderrama, Alvaro/Arztmann, Daniel: Design Strategies, Bd.
2023, o. O. 2024.'
van: 'Balderrama A, Arztmann D, editors. Design Strategies. Vol. 2023, Sustainable
facades ::: summer semester report. Technische Hochschule Ost-Westfalen Lippe;
2024.'
date_created: 2024-07-04T12:27:24Z
date_updated: 2024-08-23T09:12:05Z
ddc:
- '720'
department:
- _id: DEP1055
- _id: DEP1634
editor:
- first_name: Alvaro
full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro
id: '79418'
last_name: Balderrama
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Arztmann, Daniel
id: '58805'
last_name: Arztmann
file:
- access_level: open_access
content_type: application/pdf
creator: fdq-g73
date_created: 2024-07-04T12:27:05Z
date_updated: 2024-07-04T12:27:05Z
file_id: '11658'
file_name: Design Strategies IMPULSE – Sustainable Facades.pdf
file_size: 105262023
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2024-07-04T12:27:05Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 2023'
issue: '9'
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
publication: 'Sustainable facades ::: summer semester report'
publication_status: published
publisher: Technische Hochschule Ost-Westfalen Lippe
status: public
title: Design Strategies
type: journal_editor
user_id: '83781'
volume: 2023
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '13018'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Current societal challenges like climate change led to a general agreement
that our cities need to become greener and our lifestyles more sustainable. This
transformation of our daily living environments can also impact the prevalence
of non-communicable diseases as a global disease burden of our time. These positive
impacts of horizontal green spaces on human health are widely recognized. However,
it is still unclear whether the same is true for green walls, as a promising nature-based
solution for dense urban spaces which is increasingly applied. To date, the available
research on green walls has not been systematically synthesized along the potential
impact pathways of reducing environmental stressors (Mitigation), restoring capacities
(Restoration), and promoting healthier behavior (Instoration). We conducted a
systematic review of 30 reviews to synthesize available evidence on all three
pathways and direct health outcomes, following the established strategies of PICOS
and PRISMA. We assessed the review quality through AMSTAR. We found strong consistent
evidence that green walls can mitigate urban heat island effects (daylight surface
temperature: -0.3 °C to -31.9°, daylight air temperature: -0 °C to -8.7 °C), air
pollution (PM2.5: -25% to -99%, PM10: -23% to -60%), and noise pollution (sound
pressure level: -1dBA to -5dBA). We found some evidence for disaster risk reduction
and restoration effects. There were no reviews on the instoration pathway or direct
health outcomes. The underlying reviews rated low according to the AMSTAR checklist,
which might limit our findings. We recognize a generally young research field
and conclude that more in-field studies are needed in all pathways to better understand
the relationship between green walls and health.'
article_number: '100070'
author:
- first_name: Marcel
full_name: Cardinali, Marcel
last_name: Cardinali
- first_name: Alvaro
full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro
last_name: Balderrama
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Arztmann, Daniel
last_name: Arztmann
- first_name: Uta
full_name: Pottgiesser, Uta
last_name: Pottgiesser
citation:
ama: 'Cardinali M, Balderrama A, Arztmann D, Pottgiesser U. Green walls and health:
An umbrella review. Nature-Based Solutions. 2023;3(12). doi:10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070'
apa: 'Cardinali, M., Balderrama, A., Arztmann, D., & Pottgiesser, U. (2023).
Green walls and health: An umbrella review. Nature-Based Solutions, 3(12),
Article 100070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070'
bjps: 'Cardinali M et al. (2023) Green Walls and Health: An Umbrella
Review. Nature-Based Solutions 3.'
chicago: 'Cardinali, Marcel, Alvaro Balderrama, Daniel Arztmann, and Uta Pottgiesser.
“Green Walls and Health: An Umbrella Review.” Nature-Based Solutions 3,
no. 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070.'
chicago-de: 'Cardinali, Marcel, Alvaro Balderrama, Daniel Arztmann und Uta Pottgiesser.
2023. Green walls and health: An umbrella review. Nature-Based Solutions
3, Nr. 12. doi:10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Cardinali, Marcel ;
Balderrama, Alvaro ; Arztmann,
Daniel ; Pottgiesser, Uta:
Green walls and health: An umbrella review. In: Nature-Based Solutions
Bd. 3. Amsterdam, Elsevier (2023), Nr. 12'
havard: 'M. Cardinali, A. Balderrama, D. Arztmann, U. Pottgiesser, Green walls and
health: An umbrella review, Nature-Based Solutions. 3 (2023).'
ieee: 'M. Cardinali, A. Balderrama, D. Arztmann, and U. Pottgiesser, “Green walls
and health: An umbrella review,” Nature-Based Solutions, vol. 3, no. 12,
Art. no. 100070, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070.'
mla: 'Cardinali, Marcel, et al. “Green Walls and Health: An Umbrella Review.” Nature-Based
Solutions, vol. 3, no. 12, 100070, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070.'
short: M. Cardinali, A. Balderrama, D. Arztmann, U. Pottgiesser, Nature-Based Solutions
3 (2023).
ufg: 'Cardinali, Marcel u. a.: Green walls and health: An umbrella review,
in: Nature-Based Solutions 3 (2023), H. 12.'
van: 'Cardinali M, Balderrama A, Arztmann D, Pottgiesser U. Green walls and health:
An umbrella review. Nature-Based Solutions. 2023;3(12).'
date_created: 2025-06-24T13:36:11Z
date_updated: 2025-06-24T13:41:26Z
department:
- _id: DEP1055
- _id: DEP1600
- _id: DEP1634
doi: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070
intvolume: ' 3'
issue: '12'
keyword:
- Nature-based solutions
- Green facades
- Living walls
- Health
- Environmental risk factors
- Well-being
- Environmental comfort
- Behavior
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam
publication: Nature-Based Solutions
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2772-4115
publication_status: published
publisher: 'Elsevier '
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Green walls and health: An umbrella review'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 3
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '13021'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Natural ventilation in a building is an effective way to achieve acceptable
indoor air quality. Ventilation dilutes contaminants such as bioeffluents generated
by occupants, substances emitted from building materials, and the water vapor
generated by occupants’ activities. In a building that requires heating and cooling,
adequate ventilation is crucial to minimize energy consumption while maintaining
healthy indoor air quality. However, measuring the actual magnitude of the natural
ventilation rate, including infiltration through the building envelope and airflow
through the building openings, is not always feasible. Although international
and national standards suggested the required ventilation rates to maintain acceptable
indoor air quality in buildings, they did not offer action plans to achieve or
evaluate those design ventilation rates in buildings in use. In this study, the
occupant-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) tracer gas decay method was applied to
estimate the ventilation rates in an office room in Seoul, South Korea, from summer
to winter. Using the method, real-time ventilation rates can be calculated by
monitoring indoor and outdoor CO2 concentrations without injecting a tracer gas.
For natural ventilation in the test room, 145 mm-diameter circular openings on
the fixed glass were used. As a result, first, the indoor CO2 concentrations were
used as an indicator to evaluate how much the indoor air quality deteriorated
when all the windows were closed in an occupied office room compared to the international
standards for indoor air quality. Moreover, we found out that the estimated ventilation
rates varied depending on various environmental conditions, even with the same
openings for natural ventilation. Considering the indoor and outdoor temperature
differences and outdoor wind speeds as the main factors influencing the ventilation
rates, we analyzed how they affected the ventilation rates in the different seasons
of South Korea. When the wind speeds were calm, less than 2 m/s, the temperature
difference played as a factor that influenced the estimated ventilation rates.
On the other hand, when the temperature differences were low, less than 3 °C,
the wind speed was the primary factor. This study raises awareness about the risk
of poor indoor air quality in office rooms that could lead to health problems
or unpleasant working environments. This study presents an example of estimating
the ventilation rates in an existing building. By using the presented method,
the ventilation rate in an existing building can be simply estimated while using
the building as usual, and appropriate ventilation strategies for the building
can be determined to maintain the desired indoor air quality.
article_number: '9892'
author:
- first_name: Hyeonji
full_name: Seol, Hyeonji
id: '77436'
last_name: Seol
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Arztmann, Daniel
id: '58805'
last_name: Arztmann
- first_name: Naree
full_name: Kim, Naree
last_name: Kim
- first_name: Alvaro
full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro
id: '79418'
last_name: Balderrama
citation:
ama: Seol H, Arztmann D, Kim N, Balderrama A. Estimation of Natural Ventilation
Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated
Tracer-Gas Method. Sustainability. 2023;15(13). doi:10.3390/su15139892
apa: Seol, H., Arztmann, D., Kim, N., & Balderrama, A. (2023). Estimation of
Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings
Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method. Sustainability, 15(13),
Article 9892. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892
bjps: Seol H et al. (2023) Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates
in an Office Room with 145 Mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated
Tracer-Gas Method. Sustainability 15.
chicago: Seol, Hyeonji, Daniel Arztmann, Naree Kim, and Alvaro Balderrama. “Estimation
of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 Mm-Diameter Circular Openings
Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method.” Sustainability 15, no.
13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892.
chicago-de: Seol, Hyeonji, Daniel Arztmann, Naree Kim und Alvaro Balderrama. 2023.
Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter
Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method. Sustainability
15, Nr. 13. doi:10.3390/su15139892,
.
din1505-2-1: 'Seol, Hyeonji ; Arztmann, Daniel ; Kim,
Naree ; Balderrama, Alvaro:
Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter
Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method. In: Sustainability
Bd. 15. Basel, MDPI (2023), Nr. 13'
havard: H. Seol, D. Arztmann, N. Kim, A. Balderrama, Estimation of Natural Ventilation
Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated
Tracer-Gas Method, Sustainability. 15 (2023).
ieee: 'H. Seol, D. Arztmann, N. Kim, and A. Balderrama, “Estimation of Natural Ventilation
Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated
Tracer-Gas Method,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 13, Art. no. 9892, 2023,
doi: 10.3390/su15139892.'
mla: Seol, Hyeonji, et al. “Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office
Room with 145 Mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas
Method.” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 13, 9892, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139892.
short: H. Seol, D. Arztmann, N. Kim, A. Balderrama, Sustainability 15 (2023).
ufg: 'Seol, Hyeonji u. a.: Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an
Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated
Tracer-Gas Method, in: Sustainability 15 (2023), H. 13.'
van: Seol H, Arztmann D, Kim N, Balderrama A. Estimation of Natural Ventilation
Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated
Tracer-Gas Method. Sustainability. 2023;15(13).
date_created: 2025-06-24T13:53:29Z
date_updated: 2025-06-24T13:55:57Z
department:
- _id: DEP1600
- _id: DEP1634
doi: 10.3390/su15139892
intvolume: ' 15'
issue: '13'
keyword:
- Management
- Monitoring
- Policy and Law
- Renewable Energy
- Sustainability and the Environment
- Geography
- Planning and Development
- Building and Construction
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: Sustainability
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2071-1050
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter
Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 15
year: '2023'
...