@misc{7670,
  abstract     = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) and rapid prototyping process (RPP) have revolutionized the production of 3D objects in the last few decades. RPP has considerably increased the rate of production and the possibility of manufacturing prototypes in the fields of electrical, optical, and mechanical engineering. The manufacturing of optical prototypes including spherical, aspheric, and special kinds of lenses and lens arrays has reformed the fabrication of optical components. In this paper, specifically designed lens array prototypes for application in visible light communication (VLC) are introduced. These lens array prototypes are manufactured using the stereolithography apparatus (SLA) process. These lens arrays are designed to achieve optimal transmission of the light beam for VLC systems. One of the prototypes from the lens arrays contains primarily four spherical lenses and one thicker convex lens and the other contains one fresnel lens as a substitute for thicker convex lens. These lens arrays are further post-processed to achieve the required transparency. These lens array prototypes are tested using laser and LEDs. The ON-OFF keying modulated light beam was transmitted through the lens array at the sender side and focused on the photo-receiver using another lens array at the receiver side which is 200 cm apart. After evaluating these lens prototypes, it can be concluded that with appropriate post-processing and high-resolution stereolithography based manufacturing, a low data rate VLC link can be formed.}},
  author       = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Beyer, Micha and Schneider, Daniel Johann and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  booktitle    = {{Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII}},
  editor       = {{Helvajian, Henry and Gu, Bo and Chen, Hongqiang}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-5106-4189-1}},
  issn         = {{1996-756X}},
  keywords     = {{Additive manufacturing, 3D printing, Stereolithography apparatus, Spherical lenses, Fresnel lenses, Visible light communication}},
  location     = {{San Francisco }},
  publisher    = {{Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers}},
  title        = {{{Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus}}},
  doi          = {{10.1117/12.2586907}},
  volume       = {{11677}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{7671,
  abstract     = {{Visible-light communication is a promising technology for industrial environments. However, a variety of physical effects may influence the communication quality in this potentially harsh environment: Dust and other particles lead to increased attenuation. Artificial light sources and industrial processes, such as grinding and welding, cause optical cross-talk. A multitude of reflective surfaces can lead to fading due to multi-path propagation. These three aspects are experimentally investigated in exemplary manufacturing processes at five different production sites in order to estimate the relative importance and their specific impact on VLC transmission in industrial areas. Spectral measurements demonstrate the presence of interfering light sources, which occupy broad parts of the visible spectrum. They give rise to flickering noise, which comprises a set of frequencies in the electrical domain. The impact of these effects on the communication is analysed with reference to the maximum achievable channel capacity and data rate approximation based on on-off keying is deduced. It is found that cross-talk by environmental and artificial light sources is one of the strongest effects, which influences the optical, but also the electrical spectrum. It is also observed that industrial areas differ strongly and must be categorised according to the manufacturing processes, which can induce quite a variation of dust and attenuation accordingly.}},
  author       = {{Schneider, Daniel and Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Flatt, Holger and Stübbe, Oliver and Wolff, Alexander and Lachmayer, Roland and Bunge, Christian-Alexander}},
  booktitle    = {{Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics / Optica}},
  issn         = {{1094-4087 }},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{16087--16104}},
  publisher    = {{Optical Society of America}},
  title        = {{{Impact of industrial environments on visible light communication}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/oe.421757}},
  volume       = {{29}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{7672,
  abstract     = {{Visible light communication (VLC) allows the dual use of lighting and wireless communication systems by
modulation of illumination devices. However, to increase the performance, typically, beam-forming measures are
taken creating pencil beams, thus contradicting the illumination purpose. In order to optimize the performance
trade o between ecient illumination and communication, the switching capabilities of illumination LEDs are
examined. Illumination LEDs with standard drivers and without beam-forming show limited applicability for
communication purposes as they are not optimized for the necessary switching capability (f  11 MHz) and
coherence. Methods to enhance the electrical current by pre-equalisation, biasing, carrier sweeping and current
shaping are examined in respect to the illumination LED's communication performance. A novel driver scheme
is derived which achieves considerably higher switching frequencies (f  100 MHz) without employing beamforming
at the illumination LED. This driver is able to obtain a data rate of up to 200 Mbit/s at a distance of
3.2 m, using on-o keying (OOK) modulation technique. Therefore, it is feasible to apply the LED driver by
implementing standardised illumination devices in VLC systems.}},
  author       = {{Schneider, Daniel and Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Flatt, Holger and Stübbe, Oliver and Lachmayer, Roland}},
  booktitle    = {{Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI}},
  editor       = {{Cheben, Pavel and Čtyroký, Jiří and Molina-Fernández, Iñigo}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-5106-4384-0}},
  issn         = {{1996-756X}},
  keywords     = {{Optical Wireless Communication, Visible Light Communication, VLC, Li-Fi, Illumination, Dual-purpose drivers}},
  location     = {{Online (Prag)}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE}},
  title        = {{{Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments}}},
  doi          = {{10.1117/12.2588923}},
  volume       = {{11775}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{7680,
  abstract     = {{In industrial scenarios wireless communication becomes more and more widespread. Radio-frequency technologies are still predominant, but optical wireless communication (OWC) provides many advantages to fulfill the requirements of communication in industrial applications. A survey with industrial users consolidate a list with the most important demands for wireless communication within the field: The results reveal that the current heterogeneous requirements for wireless communication are valid, but highlight the need for license-free, robust and energy efficient wireless communication at rather moderate data rates. These requirements can be met by OWC, but its direct application in industrial environments is often hindered by the harsh conditions, with measurements inter alia indicating specific cross talk by light-emitting processes. In this article, these aspects are discussed one by one in order to obtain a clear perspective about the applicability, the main limitations and potential technologies for OWC and competing approaches in industrial areas. In summary, the application requirements of industrial communication are substantiated, whereas specific limitations and needs for advancement of current OWC systems are derived.}},
  author       = {{Schneider, Daniel and Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Stübbe, Oliver and Lachmeyer, Roland and Bunge, Christian-Alexander}},
  booktitle    = {{VDE-ITG Photonische Netze}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-8007-5555-4}},
  location     = {{Stuttgart}},
  publisher    = {{Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e.V.}},
  title        = {{{Optical Wireless communication in industrial areas: Potential performance and actual demand}}},
  volume       = {{297}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{7676,
  author       = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Beyer, Micha and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  booktitle    = {{3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic Manufacturing II : 6-10 April 2020, online only, France }},
  editor       = {{von Freymann, Georg and Herkommer, Alois M. and Flury, Manuel}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-5106-3470-1}},
  issn         = {{1996-756X}},
  keywords     = {{Fresnel lenses, Stereolithography apparatus, 3D printing, Photo-polymerization}},
  location     = {{Strasbourg (online)}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE}},
  title        = {{{Manufacturing and analyzing of cost-efficient fresnel lenses using stereolithography}}},
  doi          = {{10.1117/12.2555367}},
  volume       = {{11349}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@misc{7679,
  author       = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Beyer, Micha and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  booktitle    = {{	 Production engineering and management : proceedings 9th international conference, October 03 and 04, 2019, Trieste, Italy}},
  editor       = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-04-7}},
  keywords     = {{3D printing, stereolithography, optical lens, light forming structures, convex lenses, concave lenses, refraction of light, focal length}},
  location     = {{Trieste}},
  pages        = {{227--240}},
  publisher    = {{Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe}},
  title        = {{{Evaluation of stereolithograghy processes for the production of lens prototypes}}},
  volume       = {{2019, 01}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@misc{11195,
  author       = {{Schneider, Daniel and Fast, Harry and Flatt, Holger and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Stübbe, Oliver and Heidl, René}},
  booktitle    = {{Automation 2018 : 19. Leitkongress der Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik : Baden-Baden, 03. und 04. Juli 2018}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-18-092330-7}},
  issn         = {{ 0083-5560}},
  location     = {{Baden-Baden}},
  pages        = {{273--284}},
  publisher    = {{VDI Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Einsatzfähigkeit von optischer Freiraumkommunikation in industriellen Produktionsumgebungen}}},
  doi          = {{10.51202/9783181023303-273}},
  volume       = {{2330}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{554,
  abstract     = {{Light guiding structures, like optical waveguides or fibers, take an important role in several industries, e.g. communication, sensing, illumination or medical applications. For the latter, it could be very interesting to have the possibility to manufacture problem-adapted structureswith a mechanicalfunctionality andwith additional embedded optical or electrical sensor functionalities.Modern additive manufacturing (AM) technologies like Stereolithography (SLA) or Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) may provide these opportunities.This paper is aimedto figure out the light guiding opportunities of both technologies. For this different kind of structures are built by FLM and SLA. To compare both manufacturing technologies, the layout of each structure is identical for both technologies. After manufacturing, the transmission and the attenuation of the guided light of these structures areanalyzed by measurement.Then the measurement results of the different technologies are compared with each other.}},
  author       = {{Beyer, Micha and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  booktitle    = {{Production engineering and management : proceedings 8th international conference, October 04 and 05, 2018, Lemgo, Germany}},
  editor       = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-03-0}},
  keywords     = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Optical sensors, SLA technology, FLM technology}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{70--82}},
  title        = {{{Comparsion of FLM and SLA Processing Technologies Towards Manufacturing of Optical Waveguides for Communicationi and Sensing Applications}}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@misc{11134,
  author       = {{Stübbe, Oliver and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  booktitle    = {{3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic Manufacturing}},
  editor       = {{von Freymann, Georg and Herkommer, Alois M. and Flury, Manuel}},
  issn         = {{1996-756X}},
  location     = {{Strasbourg, France}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE}},
  title        = {{{Applying fused layer modeling technologies to print embedded 3D optical waveguide structures for communication and sensor applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1117/12.2306910}},
  volume       = {{10675}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{4836,
  abstract     = {{Today radio based wireless communication technologies offer limited performance, whereas optical wireless com- munication systems (OWC) propose potentially a high performant, scalable communication system conforming to real time conditions. However, current studies imply, that OWCs still lack the necessary performance and robustness level for most wireless applications in industrial production environments. In this approach several types of noises for free-space optical communication systems are empirically analysed in an accredited, exemplary industrial production environment. While the channel noise is usually modelled by the signal to noise ratio it is found that real environments cannot be approximated by the usual static additive white gaussian noise. In this approach the accumulated measurement data represents the spectrum variation of different locations and times relating to different types of noise sources. The implementation in a total channel model allows the optimization of OWC designs like the channel access scheme or the modulation type concerning performance and robustness. Furthermore an additional measurement setup is proposed, capable of measuring and classifying existing noise sources in order to serve the design of OWC systems in industrial production environments.}},
  author       = {{Schneider, Daniel and Flatt, Holger and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  booktitle    = {{Optical Fabrication, Testing, and Metrology VI}},
  editor       = {{Schröder, Sven and Geyl, Roland}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-5106-1921-0}},
  issn         = {{0277-786X}},
  location     = {{Frankfurt}},
  title        = {{{Analysis of industrial production environments and derivation of a novel channel model towards optical wireless communication}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312102}},
  volume       = {{10692}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@book{11196,
  author       = {{Meier, Uwe and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-662-53657-5}},
  pages        = {{138--141}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Berlin Heidelberg}},
  title        = {{{Gleichstromschaltungen, homogene zeitkonstante Felder}}},
  volume       = {{1,1}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@book{11197,
  author       = {{Meier, Uwe and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-662-54516-4}},
  pages        = {{97}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Berlin Heidelberg}},
  title        = {{{Schaltungen mit zeitabhängigen Quellen und Sinusquellen}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-662-54517-1}},
  volume       = {{2,1}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@book{11198,
  author       = {{Meier, Uwe and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-662-55959-8}},
  keywords     = {{Elektrisches Feld, Magnetfeld, Inhomogenes Feld, Zeitkonstante, Berechnung}},
  pages        = {{99}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Berlin Heidelberg}},
  title        = {{{Inhomogene zeitkonstante Felder}}},
  volume       = {{1}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@book{11255,
  author       = {{Meier, Uwe and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-662-56144-7}},
  pages        = {{205}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Berlin Heidelberg}},
  title        = {{{Nichtsinusförmige periodische Schwingungen, transiente Vorgänge}}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@book{11266,
  author       = {{Meier, Uwe and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-662-55961-1}},
  pages        = {{95}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Zeitabhängige Felder}}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@book{11268,
  author       = {{Meier, Uwe}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-662-53659-9}},
  pages        = {{187}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Homogene zeitkonstante Felder}}},
  volume       = {{1,2}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@inproceedings{573,
  abstract     = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have not only revolutionized product development and design by enabling rapid prototyping. They also gained influence on production in general, mainly because of their direct manufacturing capabilities. In the context of Industry 4.0 and the related process automation, innovative and advanced production technologies with completely new approaches are required [1]. AM technologies contribute to this with their advantages like freedom of design, cost efficient product individualization, and functional integration. On the other hand, AM still shows shortcomings in exploiting its full potential. Most current AM technologies are only applicable for manufacturing with singular materials. In particular, opportunities for processing of optically or electrically conductive materials are still missing. This paper contributes to the advancement of additive manufacturing of two different material variants or even two completely different materials. A special focus is laid on producing a part that combines mechanical with optical or electrical functionalities in one process step. The ultimate goal is to integrate sensor functionalities into an AM object, e.g. strain gauges. Extrusion processes, predominantly Fused Layer Modeling (FLM), are preferred in this research due to their mechanically simple machine setup in which additional functional materials can be adapted easily to the build process. In a first step, the general manufacturability has been evaluated. Thereafter, the resulting optical transmission properties have been analyzed. Especially the attenuation has to remain below a threshold value to accomplish a minimum signal-to-noise ratio.}},
  author       = {{Ehlert, Patrick and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  booktitle    = {{Production Engineering and Management}},
  editor       = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-01-6}},
  keywords     = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Electrical conductors, Embedded systems, FLM technology, Sensors}},
  location     = {{Pordenone, Italy}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{127--136}},
  title        = {{{Investigation on the Direct Manufacturing of Waveguides and Sensors Using FLM Technology}}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@inproceedings{10226,
  abstract     = {{This paper presents a bidirectional optical data transmission system as an enhancement of a contactless power transmission system (CPTS). The latter consists of two separate devices and is able to transmit up to 240W of electrical power using inductive resonant coupling. The optical system consists of two self-developed light-guiding structures and a short-reach free-space optical path. As source and sink of the optical system a light-emitting diode resp. a photodiode with a centroid wavelength of 850nm are used. The optical system is positioned within the CPTS; it transmits the PROFIBUS protocol. Due to the restrictions given by the applications areas of the CPTS, such as air gap up to 5°mm, misalignment up to 2 mm, tilting up to 5 and rotation angle up to 360°, different kinds of light-guiding structures are analyzed by simulation. Based on these results the most promising structures are selected and manufactured. Hereafter the attenuation and the near field characteristic of one light-guiding structure is analyzed. After this, the attenuation based on misalignment, variation of air gap, tilting and rotation between two light-guiding structures are analyzed by measurement. To check whether the requirements of the PROFIBUS has been satisfied by the complete data transmission system, the transient transmission behavior of the system was analyzed by a pseudo-random bit stream. In this paper the most important results of the design, the simulation and the measurement are explained. The presented results demonstrate the ability to design of such systems based on simulations and to evaluate the suitability of various geometries for present and future works.}},
  author       = {{Neu, Marc and Grünberg, Olaf and Christophliemke, Tobias and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  booktitle    = {{Optical Interconnects XVII}},
  editor       = {{Schröder, Henning and Chen, Ray T.}},
  issn         = {{0277-786X}},
  location     = {{San Francisco}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE}},
  title        = {{{Modeling, simulation and measurement of a bidirectional optical interconnection system for industrial applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1117/12.2251014}},
  volume       = {{10109}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@misc{10228,
  abstract     = {{In diesem Beitrag werden die Störeinflüsse für optische Freiraumkommunikation in industriellen Produktionsumgebungen empirisch analysiert und ein Modellierungsansatz abgeleitet. Um drahtlose Kommunikationstechnologien einzusetzen, sind erhebliche Resistenzen gegenüber Störeinflüssen erforderlich, die Visible Light Communication (VLC) bis heute nicht vollständig erfüllt. Anhand von empirischen Messreihen wird in diesem Beitrag nachgewiesen, dass bei der Systemauslegung von VLC, anders als bisher, unterschiedliche Störquellen zu berücksichtigen sind, die orts- und zeitvariante Eigenschaften haben. Auf empirischen Untersuchungen basierend, wird eine alternative Berechnung der gesamten Störquellenleistung vorgeschlagen, die unmittelbar Auswirkung auf das Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis (SNR) und die maximal verfügbare Kanalkapazität hat. Der vorgestellte Ansatz dient dazu VLC-Systeme auch für industrielle Produktionsumgebungen auslegen zu können.}},
  author       = {{Schneider, Daniel and Flatt, Holger and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Stübbe, Oliver}},
  booktitle    = {{Komma 2017 : Kommunikation in der Automation : 14.-15.11.2017 : 8. Jahreskolloquium "Kommunikation in der Automation"}},
  editor       = {{Jumar, Ulrich and Jasperneite, Jürgen}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-944722-63-4}},
  location     = {{Magdeburg}},
  publisher    = {{ Institut für Automation und Kommunikation e.V. Magdeburg, An-Institut der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg }},
  title        = {{{Entwurf eines Kanalmodells für Visible Light Communication in dynamischen, industriellen Umgebungen}}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@inproceedings{10224,
  abstract     = {{Optical interconnects on printed circuit board level are a promising choice to support high bandwidth for short distance interconnects. These interconnects consists of highly multimode step index waveguides with rectangular core cross sections. Therefore ray tracing is an excellent method to determine the optical path parameters, e.g. optical power, ray path lengths and local ray directions. Based on these parameters the step response, the transient transfer function and the coupling behavior can be calculated. Classical ray tracing methods calculates the optical path parameters of each ray by successively computing internal reflections until a termination condition is reached. Therefore the computing time depends on the number of internal reflections. If the optical waveguide consists of cascaded straight and curved segments, e. g. point-to-point interconnects, one can use the analytic ray tracing method to determine the optical path parameters. The whole path parameters of each ray are determined by one analytical computation. The computing time depends on the number of segments. The analytic ray tracing method is unusable to determine ray path parameters of segments with varying core cross sections, e.g. tapers, crossings, splitters and combiners.}},
  author       = {{Stübbe, Oliver}},
  booktitle    = {{Optical Interconnects XVII}},
  editor       = {{Schröder, Henning and Chen, Ray T.}},
  issn         = {{0277-786X}},
  location     = {{San Francisco}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE}},
  title        = {{{Semi-analytic ray tracing method for time-efficient computing of transmission behavior of PCB level optical interconnects with varying core cross sections}}},
  doi          = {{10.1117/12.2076931}},
  volume       = {{9368}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

@misc{11230,
  abstract     = {{A Proof-of-Concept for a multi-channel WDM board-level optical communications link is under development. This paper is focusing on theoretical and experimental evaluation of thin-glass based nearly single mode graded index optical waveguides with regard to low loss in the 1310nm regime. Results from waveguide characterization will be reported. Waveguide modes are determined theoretically from the measured refractive index profiles. Towards improvement of the robustness of the coupling efficiency against misalignments, investigations on the use of tapered waveguide structures will be presented too.}},
  author       = {{Schrage, J. and Stübbe, Oliver and Brusberg, L. and Soenmez, Y. and Schroeder, H. and Schuhmann, R.}},
  booktitle    = {{Optoelectronic Interconnects and Component Integration XI}},
  editor       = {{Glebov, Alexei L. and Chen, Ray T.}},
  isbn         = {{ 978-0-8194-8481-9 }},
  issn         = {{0277-786X}},
  location     = {{San Francisco, California, United States}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE}},
  title        = {{{Evaluation of graded index glass waveguides for board-level WDM optical chip-to-chip communications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1117/12.876458}},
  volume       = {{7944}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@phdthesis{11200,
  author       = {{Stübbe, Oliver}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-8322-9139-6}},
  keywords     = {{Gedruckte Schaltung, Verbindungstechnik, Multimodefaser, Schichtwellenleiter, Geometrische Optik, Übertragungsverhalten}},
  pages        = {{187}},
  publisher    = {{Sharker}},
  title        = {{{Modellierungsverfahren für die zeiteffiziente Simulation von optischen Verbindungen auf Leiterplattenebene}}},
  volume       = {{33}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}

@misc{11201,
  abstract     = {{Modal noise is an undesired modulation of the guided light intensity in a multimode waveguide. Applying the frequency correlation function the frequency dependence of this noise as well as the bandwidth of a multimode waveguide can be estimated. In this paper the existing model of the frequency correlation function for a waveguide with smoothed dielectric interfaces is enhanced to analyze the influence of surface roughness on the achievable bandwidth. This surface roughness is caused by the manufacturing process of the waveguides.}},
  author       = {{Stübbe, Oliver and Bierhoff, Thomas and Schrage, Juergen and Mrozynski, Gerd}},
  booktitle    = {{Wave Optics and Photonic Devices for Optical Information Processing II}},
  editor       = {{Ambs, Pierre and Beyette, Jr., Fred R.}},
  isbn         = {{0-8194-5054-5 }},
  issn         = {{0277-786X}},
  location     = {{San Diego, California, United States}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE}},
  title        = {{{Influence of surface roughness on the bandwidth of optical multimode waveguides analyzed by modal noise theory}}},
  doi          = {{10.1117/12.505775}},
  volume       = {{5181}},
  year         = {{2003}},
}

@misc{11130,
  abstract     = {{Modal noise is an undesired modulation of the guided light intensity in a multimode waveguide. Applying the frequency correlation function the frequency dependence of this noise as well as the bandwidth of a multimode waveguide can be estimated. In this paper the existing model of the frequency correlation function for a waveguide with smoothed dielectric interfaces is enhanced to analyze the influence of surface roughness on the achievable bandwidth. This surface roughness is caused by the manufacturing process of the waveguides.}},
  author       = {{Stübbe, Oliver and Bierhoff, Thomas and Schrage, Juergen and Mrozynski, Gerd}},
  booktitle    = {{Wave Optics and Photonic Devices for Optical Information Processing II}},
  editor       = {{Ambs, Pierre and Beyette, Jr., Fred R.}},
  issn         = {{0277-786X}},
  location     = {{San Diego, California, United States}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE}},
  title        = {{{Influence of surface roughness on the bandwidth of optical multimode waveguides analyzed by modal noise theory}}},
  doi          = {{10.1117/12.505775}},
  volume       = {{5181}},
  year         = {{2003}},
}

@misc{11131,
  abstract     = {{To increase the bandwidth of high-performance intrasystem interconnections, optical multimode waveguides can be used. Since the design procedure of optical interconnections has to be widely compatible with conventional design processes, adequate simulation methods are required. This paper presents an improved time domain method for simulating the signal transmission along optical multimode interconnections. The improvements mainly result from the more efficient method for the piecewise approximation of the waveguides step responses by a few exponential functions. The adapted semi-analytical recursive convolution method decreases the computation times.}},
  author       = {{Gerling, J. and Stübbe, Oliver and Schrage, J.}},
  booktitle    = {{2003 Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition}},
  isbn         = {{0-7695-1870-2}},
  issn         = {{1530-1591}},
  location     = {{München}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE Comput. Soc}},
  title        = {{{Improved time domain simulation of optical multimode intrasystem interconnects}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/date.2003.1253758}},
  year         = {{2003}},
}