@inproceedings{554, abstract = {{Light guiding structures, like optical waveguides or fibers, take an important role in several industries, e.g. communication, sensing, illumination or medical applications. For the latter, it could be very interesting to have the possibility to manufacture problem-adapted structureswith a mechanicalfunctionality andwith additional embedded optical or electrical sensor functionalities.Modern additive manufacturing (AM) technologies like Stereolithography (SLA) or Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) may provide these opportunities.This paper is aimedto figure out the light guiding opportunities of both technologies. For this different kind of structures are built by FLM and SLA. To compare both manufacturing technologies, the layout of each structure is identical for both technologies. After manufacturing, the transmission and the attenuation of the guided light of these structures areanalyzed by measurement.Then the measurement results of the different technologies are compared with each other.}}, author = {{Beyer, Micha and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production engineering and management : proceedings 8th international conference, October 04 and 05, 2018, Lemgo, Germany}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-03-0}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Optical sensors, SLA technology, FLM technology}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{70--82}}, title = {{{Comparsion of FLM and SLA Processing Technologies Towards Manufacturing of Optical Waveguides for Communicationi and Sensing Applications}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @misc{11134, author = {{Stübbe, Oliver and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic Manufacturing}}, editor = {{von Freymann, Georg and Herkommer, Alois M. and Flury, Manuel}}, issn = {{1996-756X}}, location = {{Strasbourg, France}}, publisher = {{SPIE}}, title = {{{Applying fused layer modeling technologies to print embedded 3D optical waveguide structures for communication and sensor applications}}}, doi = {{10.1117/12.2306910}}, volume = {{10675}}, year = {{2018}}, } @misc{4908, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Cepin, Simon and Koch, Jan-Niklas}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{Abschlussbericht zum Projekt Luftstrom (Luftgekühlte Wide Band Gap-Leistungselektronik und Mechatronik) : BMBF-Verbundvorhaben im Rahmen einer Initiative der NPE - AG1 Cluster 2 : Teilprojekt Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe: Untersuchung der leistungselektronischen Komponenten, von Entwärmungstechnologien und Aufbaukonzepten für Hochvolt-Bordnetzwandlern und Nebenaggregats-Wechselrichtern für Nutzfahrzeuge}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{4020, abstract = {{Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) are developed to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. The transmission is a core component in PHEVs since it defines the interaction between the internal combustion engine and the electric motors. Due to the complexity of PHEVs, a model-based development is carried out for novel transmission concepts, which takes the overall powertrain into account, as well. In this contribution, an approach for the model-based development of transmission concepts for PHEVs is presented. It incorporates the development and evaluation of new concepts as well as the development and test of corresponding controllers. Since each step of the development requires a powertrain model with an appropriate level of detail, an automatic model generation is used to enable an efficient workflow. This contribution focuses on the development of new transmission concepts only. It comprises an optimization of the number of gears and transmission ratios for an exemplary transmission. As a result of the proposed approach a novel transmission concept for PHEVs including a model-based evaluation is presented.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Zubke, T. and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Los Angeles, CA, USA }}, pages = {{1637 -- 1642}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Model-Based Development of Transmission Concepts for Hybrid Electric Powertrains}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{4031, abstract = {{Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are developed in order to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Besides the series, parallel and power split configurations are commonly used for conventional hybrid electric vehicles, and multimode transmissions are used for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which are able to switch between different modes like parallel or series operation of the combustion engine and electric motor. Several concepts have already been discussed and presented. These concepts comprise novel structures and multi-speed operation for the combustion engine and the electric motor, respectively. For improving the fuel and energy consumption, model-based optimizations of multimode transmissions are performed. In the first step of the optimization, the optimal number of gears and transmission ratios, as well as the corresponding fuel and energy savings, are estimated. Based on these results, a new multimode transmission concept with two-speed transmissions for the combustion engine and the electric motor has been developed. The knowledge of the concrete concept enables the further optimizations of the transmission ratios and the transmission control. In order to prove the benefit of the new and optimized transmission concept, powertrain simulations have been carried out. The new powertrain concept is compared to a powertrain concept with single-speed transmissions for the internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motor operation. The new transmission concept enables a significant improvement of the fuel consumption.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Meier, A. and Schulte, Thomas}}, journal = {{World Electric Vehicle Journal}}, location = {{Stuttgart}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{12}}, publisher = {{MDPI}}, title = {{{Model-Based Optimization of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Multimode Transmission}}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{4272, abstract = {{In this paper, concepts for an extended DC network for the main power supply of components from various manufacturers in industrial production are presented. In the first part, detailed requirements for such a network are given from the viewpoint of a customer. Based on those, different concepts for AC/DC conversion and energy management are discussed. As far as AC/DC conversion is concerned, the advantages and drawbacks of several rectifier topologies are listed, as they have a significant impact on the system behavior and EMC properties. An intelligent energy management can improve the energy efficiency and reduce downtimes of a plant, which are major requirements from a customer's viewpoint.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Kuhlmann, Timm and Weis, Benno and Leonide, Andre}}, booktitle = {{2017 IEEE Second International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)}}, isbn = {{9781509044795}}, location = {{Nuremburg, Germany}}, title = {{{Concepts for a DC network in industrial production}}}, doi = {{10.1109/icdcm.2017.8001049}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{573, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have not only revolutionized product development and design by enabling rapid prototyping. They also gained influence on production in general, mainly because of their direct manufacturing capabilities. In the context of Industry 4.0 and the related process automation, innovative and advanced production technologies with completely new approaches are required [1]. AM technologies contribute to this with their advantages like freedom of design, cost efficient product individualization, and functional integration. On the other hand, AM still shows shortcomings in exploiting its full potential. Most current AM technologies are only applicable for manufacturing with singular materials. In particular, opportunities for processing of optically or electrically conductive materials are still missing. This paper contributes to the advancement of additive manufacturing of two different material variants or even two completely different materials. A special focus is laid on producing a part that combines mechanical with optical or electrical functionalities in one process step. The ultimate goal is to integrate sensor functionalities into an AM object, e.g. strain gauges. Extrusion processes, predominantly Fused Layer Modeling (FLM), are preferred in this research due to their mechanically simple machine setup in which additional functional materials can be adapted easily to the build process. In a first step, the general manufacturability has been evaluated. Thereafter, the resulting optical transmission properties have been analyzed. Especially the attenuation has to remain below a threshold value to accomplish a minimum signal-to-noise ratio.}}, author = {{Ehlert, Patrick and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-01-6}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Electrical conductors, Embedded systems, FLM technology, Sensors}}, location = {{Pordenone, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{127--136}}, title = {{{Investigation on the Direct Manufacturing of Waveguides and Sensors Using FLM Technology}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{4906, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Otte, Raphael and Windmann, Stefan and Köster, Markus and Stichweh, Heiko and Grabs, Volker and Ehlich, Martin and Hohnsbein, Thorsten}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{Intelligente Antriebs- und Steuerungstechnik für die energieeffiziente Intralogistik}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{4907, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Jerwan, Benjamin}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{Abschlussbericht zum Projekt MintEA, Miniaturisierung und Hochintegration von Elektronik in Energie- und Antriebstechnik}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{4915, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Steup, D. and Therolf, M. and Tolksdorf, A.}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{Schlussbericht zum Verbundprojekt itsowl-HERA : Hochintegrierter Elektronikmotor mit rotierender Antriebselektronik (itsowl-HERA)}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{4916, author = {{Wettlaufer, Jan and Borcherding, Holger and Hohnsbein, Thorsten}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{InSeL - Inhärent Störungsarme Leistungselektronik : BMBF-Verbundprojekt : Abschlussbericht : Titel des Teilvorhabens: "Integration der störungsarmen Leistungselektronik in Industrieumrichter"}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{4917, author = {{Bolte, S. and Cherkerzova, R. and Kaiser, Mario and Peters, A. and Spanier, Patrick and Böcker, J. and Borcherding, Holger}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{Schlussbericht zum Verbundprojekt: Energieeffizienz in intelligenten technischen Systemen (itsowl-EE) : der Universität Paderborn, Hochschule OWL, Lemgo, Fraunhofer Lemgo, Universität Bielefeld}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{3970, author = {{Schulte, Thomas}}, title = {{{Umlaufgetriebe}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4021, abstract = {{Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are developed to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Besides the series, parallel and power split configurations as commonly used for conventional hybrid electric vehicles, multimode transmissions are in particular used for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which enable to switch between different modes like parallel or series operation of combustion engine and electric motor. Based on cost efficient configurations of multimode transmissions, improved concepts have already been discussed and presented. These concepts comprise novel structures and multi-speed operation for the combustion engine or the electric motor, respectively. For improving the fuel and energy consumption, a simulation based optimization of a multimode transmission is applied. Since the development of corresponding transmission models is a time-consuming and error-prone task, a method for an automated generation of transmission models is present in this contribution. The generated transmission models are integrated into an overall stationary powertrain model, which is used to optimize an operating strategy and the gear ratios of a multimode transmission with respect to fuel and energy consumption. The optimization is applied to a two and a three speed transmission for the internal combustion engine and to a two speed transmission for the electric motor. Afterwards, the optimization results as well as the fuel and energy saving results are presented.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Herber, Sebastian and Hildebrandt, Willy and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016) : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles}}, isbn = {{978-1-5108-6958-5}}, location = {{Busan, South Korea }}, publisher = {{Curran Associates, Inc.}}, title = {{{Powertrain Simulation and Optimization of a Multimode Transmission}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4022, author = {{Herber, Sebastian and Horst, J. and Gassmann, T. and Hldebrandt, W. and Haupt, J. and Abbenhaus, M. and Werkhausen, M. and Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen and Geng, Stefan and Hegger, C.}}, booktitle = {{36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016) : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles}}, isbn = {{978-1-5108-6958-5}}, location = {{Busan, South Korea }}, publisher = {{Curran Associates, Inc.}}, title = {{{“Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4023, abstract = {{Modular power inverter systems for auxiliary drives in utility vehicles can meet various different customer requirements. A model based approach can be used for validating the thermal design of those systems in any suitable modular configuration. This contribution is focused on an equivalent lumped thermal network model for a modular inverter system on a given heat sink concept. The proposed network representation is based on spatial splitting of the heat sink geometry whereby the lumped network elements are parametrized by means of the heat sink geometry. Since the proposed network is easy and straightforward, a minimum of variables are introduced to adjust the temperature results empirically with FEM results on certain reference operation points. Furthermore, modularity is considered due to the coolant and therefore, customer specific placement of modules can be investigated. Finally, the proposed model is compared with FEM results of a worst case system configuration, the influence of the introduced adjustment variables is shown and further validation results with thermal measurements and FEM results of different system configurations are given.}}, author = {{Brose, M. and Düerkop, C. and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Karlsruhe}}, pages = {{1 --10}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Model based Thermal Evaluation of a Modular Power Inverter System}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4024, abstract = {{For investigating combined grid systems including electrical, thermal and chemical grids, a scientific approach based on Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is carried out where models as virtual energy components are coupled with experimental facilities. In this contribution, a bidirectional fuel cell system is described in detail as a virtual energy component considering the bidirectional fuel cell, the power inverter and the local management. For modelling the bidirectional cell, the electrochemical domain is considered by a physical-based approach in a first step. Common models for unidirectional fuel cells or electrolysis cells are discussed regarding the applicability for bidirectional cells. Afterwards, the DC-DC converter as part of the overall power inverter is considered for modelling. A novel averaged model for the dual active bridge based on the method by Sanders and Verghese is presented. Finally, the overall model and local management of such systems are discussed.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen}}, issn = {{2166-9546 }}, location = {{Bydgoszcz, Poland }}, pages = {{186 -- 191}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inbook{4025, abstract = {{Power electronic devices are growing in importance in automotive applications. Power converters are used in hybrid electric vehicles, but also in other vehicle applications like electric steering systems for example. For testing electronic equipment, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is a today’s standard method in the automotive industry and other fields, as well. This contribution provides an overview of different average modeling methods for the real-time simulation of power electronics, which are necessary for hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The average models are described and evaluated by the criteria computation effort, algorithmizability, generalizability and platform usability. The results are summarized to give hints to development engineers for choosing a suitable modeling approach for hardware-in-the-loop simulation of their specific applications.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{Simulation and Testing for Vehicle Technology}}, editor = {{Gühmann, C. and von Rüden, K.}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-32345-9}}, location = {{Berlin}}, pages = {{319 -- 342}}, publisher = {{Springer International Publishing }}, title = {{{Average Models for Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{4188, author = {{Bendig, Tom and Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{0019-9036}}, journal = {{Industrieanzeiger}}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{48 -- 50}}, publisher = {{Konradin-Verl.}}, title = {{{Teillast vollständig beherrschen. Energieeffizienz im Fokus von Industrie 4.0}}}, volume = {{138}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{4189, author = {{Bendig, Tim and Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{1867-2590}}, journal = {{Mechatronik. Design Entwicklung Integration}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{14 -- 16}}, publisher = {{Informationsgesellschaft Technik}}, title = {{{Teillast beherrschen. Energieeffizienz für Industrie 4.0 betrachtet}}}, volume = {{124}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4260, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Stuckmann, Tim and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2016}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-4186-1}}, location = {{Nuremberg}}, pages = {{1639 -- 1646}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{High Efficient Flyback Converter with SiC-MOSFET}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4292, abstract = {{This paper introduces an efficient modular solution kit for intralogistic drives, which reduces the total energy consumption of all drives in an automated warehouse by more than 15%. The reduction of energy consumption results from the interaction of optimized components (motors, control techniques and regeneration units), which are described in detail in this paper. Different motor concepts like the induction motor, the synchronous reluctance motor and the permanent magnet synchronous machine are compared according to the special requirements for intralogistics applications. Different control techniques are presented in order to achieve sensorless and efficient-optimal operation of these motors. The sensorless control technique uses signal injection to detect the rotor position sufficiently exact also in case of speed near standstill. Efficient-optimal operation is achieved by reducing the motor current with regard to the torque (MTPA-control). Furthermore this paper introduces a regeneration unit that can be connected between the DC link of frequency inverters and the mains to feed back regenerative energy. The regeneration unit consisting of a buck converter, a synchronous inverter and a line-filter can work in parallel to commonly used uncontrolled rectifiers. Its functioning is shown with the help of measurement results of a 1kW laboratory prototype. The last section shows a demonstrator in which a conventional conveyer system (with induction motor and braking resistor) is compared with an optimized one using the presented components. Power versus time measurements show specific energy savings resulting from the interaction of the optimized components.}}, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger and Stichweh, H. and Grabs, V.}}, booktitle = {{2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)}}, location = {{Karlsruhe, Germany }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{High efficient modular drive system — An ideal approach for green intralogistics applications}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4293, abstract = {{Three different control methods for a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor are presented and compared to each other. The control schemes include rotor-fixed approaches known as Field Orientated Control and stator-fix approaches like Direct Torque Control and Indirect Self Control. Simulations are carried out and are compared to measurement results.}}, author = {{Jonsky, T. and Borcherding, Holger and Szymanski, P. and Wettlaufer, P. and Theßling, M.}}, booktitle = {{2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)}}, location = {{Karlsruhe, Germany }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Comparison of control methods for H-bridge fed five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (peer reviewed!)}}}, doi = {{10.1109/EPE.2016.7695572}}, year = {{2016}}, } @book{4895, author = {{Nerreter, Wolfgang and Flegel, Georg and Birnstiel, Karl and Borcherding, Holger and Meier, Uwe}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-44496-6}}, publisher = {{Carl Hanser Verlag}}, title = {{{Elektrotechnik für Maschinenbau und Mechatronik}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{4012, abstract = {{Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption and consequently the emission of carbon dioxide. The fuel consumption of those systems depends significantly on the topology of the powertrain and the applied control strategy. For testing and improving the control strategy in terms of the overall system efficiency, Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation can be applied. In order to operate the corresponding electronic control units in a virtual environment, it emulates the behavior of the actuator and sensor signals by a real-time simulation of the powertrain. Developing those powertrain models is a time-consuming task, due to high dynamics and high switching frequencies of the electrical subsystem and due to the large diversity of powertrain configurations. The electrical subsystem comprises the electric motor, inverter and battery whereas the different powertrain configurations are composed of the transmission, the combustion engine, the electric drives, etc.. Additionally, the correct power flow and losses within the powertrains components must be considered when HIL simulation is intended to be used for improving the control strategy.In this contribution a method for modeling arbitrary combinations of clutches and various types of gears is presented which enables an efficient modeling of transmission systems. The obtained models are real-time capable and the correct power flows and losses are considered. The method is applied to a powertrain with a two mode power-split transmission, which is a typical example comprising electric drives as well as shifting clutches. Finally simulation results will be presented.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas}}, issn = {{2167-4205}}, journal = {{SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains }}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{34 -- 45}}, publisher = {{SAE International}}, title = {{{Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid Electric Vehicles}}}, volume = {{4}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4014, abstract = {{In this contribution, a model-based method for analysing and designing energy systems comprising the electrical, thermal and chemical domain is presented. Beside the energy generation and consumption, the bidirectional coupling between all energy domains is considered, as well. This method is an adapted variant of the so called Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation where virtual energy components are combined with geographically distributed real energy components. In order to integrate the real components with minimal instrumentation efforts, measured quantities are included as information flows, only, while the physical power flows are connected to local available grid structures. The virtual energy components are represented by real-time capable models describing their physical behaviour. In this contribution, a CHP unit is described as a virtual energy component. The modelling approach is based on a time domain approach using state variables of the multiple domains to describe the dynamic behaviour. Afterwards, the model is parameterized by datasheet specifications and measurement data of several CHP units with different power ratings. Based on these results, a method for scaling the proposed CHP model is presented. Especially for parameter studies, this method allows a simple adaption of a general parameterized CHP model. Moreover, a method for scaling such models with respect to the modelling depth is proposed and exemplarily applied to the electrical generator of the CHP model. This scaling method enables the model adaptations for different simulation purposes like detailed investigations of single structures and holistic investigations of large combined grid systems.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{ International ETG Congress 2015 ; Die Energiewende - Blueprints for the new energy age}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-4121-2}}, location = {{Bonn}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Methods for scaling a physical based CHP model for HIL simulation of smart combined grid systems}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4016, abstract = {{Power electronic devices are growing in importance in automotive applications. Power converters are used in hybrid electric vehicles but also in other vehicle applications like electric steering systems for example. For testing electronic equipment, hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today's standard method in the automotive industry. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation requires a real-time capable model of the plant but the development of those models of power electronic circuits is still an ambitious task due to the switching of the semiconductors devices. In this contribution, a FPGA-based hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a rectifier with power factor correction will be presented. First a short introduction on modelling methods for real-time simulation of power electronics and the rectifier with power factor correction is given. Furthermore, the modeling of the rectifier and the power factor correction stage and the simulation algorithm are described. Finally, the implementation of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation and measurement results from the real plant are presented and compared to the simulation results.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Geneva, Switzerland}}, pages = {{1 -- 8}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{FPGA-based hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a rectifier with power factor correction}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4017, abstract = {{In diesem Beitrag wurde eine Vorgehenswelse vorgestellt, mit der echtzeitfähige Modelle beliebiger Konfigurationen von Übersetzungen, Kupplungen und weiteren mechanischen Elementen kombiniert mit Elektromotoren erstellt werden können. Außerdem berücksichtigen diese Modelle die Verlustleistungen im System und können somit zur Auslegung von Betriebsstrategien am HIL-System verwendet werden. Die Vorgehenswelse ist in vier Schritte unterteilt und unter Matlab/Slmulink implementiert. Durch die Wahl dieser in der HIL-Simulation weitverbreiteten Modellierungsumgebung können weitere Matlab/Simullnk basierte Streckenmodelle eingebunden werden und die zur HIL-Simulation benötigte Kopplung zu den Steuergeräteschnittstellen effizient durchgeführt werden. Aufgrund einer graphischen Darstellung der Systeme und einer halbautomatisierten Erstellung der Modelle ist der Ansatz entsprechend flexibel gegenüber Systemmodifikationen. Die Modellierungsmethode wurde anhand von Simulationen für einen Beispielantriebsstrang validiert.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Brose, M. and Schulte, Thomas}}, publisher = {{VDI Verlag}}, title = {{{Konfigurierbare und Echtzeitfähige Modelle von Getrieben mit gekoppelten Elektromotoren unter Berücksichtigung korrekter Verlustleistung}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4018, abstract = {{In this contribution, a model-based method for analyzing and designing energy systems comprising the electrical, thermal and chemical domains is presented. Beside the energy generation and consumption, the bidirectional coupling between all energy domains is considered, as well. This method is an adapted variant of the so called Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation where virtual energy components are combined with geographically distributed real energy components. In order to integrate the real components with minimal instrumentation efforts, measured quantities are included as information flows, only, while the physical power flows are connected to local available grid structures. This virtual coupling has the further advantage of a simple scalability so that existing real components can be used for different applications. The virtual energy components are represented by real-time capable models describing their physical behavior. In this contribution, a CHP unit is described as a first virtual energy component. The modeling approach is based on a time domain approach using state variables of the multiple domains to describe the dynamic behavior. Furthermore, the model is scalable regarding the modeling depth and the power ratings which allows an application for different simulation scenarios. Besides the modeling of a standalone CHP unit, its integration into a simulated electrical grid is discussed as well. Afterwards, the overall model is parameterized and validated with data of a medium size CHP unit. Finally, the model is used for simulations of an exemplary electrical grid.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen}}, issn = {{2148-7847}}, journal = {{Journal of Thermal Engineering}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{467 -- 487}}, publisher = {{Yildiz Technical University }}, title = {{{A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies}}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inbook{4019, abstract = {{Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages wurde die Notwendigkeit intelligenter, gekoppelter Verbundsysteme diskutiert und ein wissenschaftlicher Ansatz zur Optimierung solcher Systeme vorgestellt. Der Ansatz basiert auf einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung im Rahmen einer Echtzeitsimulation mit gekoppelten realen Komponenten. Zur virtuellen Koppelung wird ein Simulationsmanager eingesetzt, der eine Skalierung der realen Komponenten erlaubt. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache Adaptierung von realen und simulierten Komponenten an das jeweils betrachtete Szenario. Als eine erste simulierte Komponente wurde eine KWK-Anlage untersucht und bezüglich der elektrischen, thermischen, mechanischen und chemischen Domänen modelliert. Das Gesamtmodell berücksichtigt das Verhalten des Verbrennungsmotors, des Synchrongenerators und der Wärmeübertrager. Mit Hilfe von Messgrößen einer realen KWK-Anlage wurde im Anschluss das Gesamtmodell validiert. Die generierten Simulationsergebnisse weisen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den erhobenen Messdaten auf. Aktuell werden weitere Energiekomponenten untersucht, um Energiesysteme ganzheitlich optimieren zu können. Dieser Beitrag ist im Rahmen des vom Land NRW geförderten Forschungsschwerpunktes „Intelligente Energiesysteme (IES)“ im Projekt „Smart Energy Village“ entstanden.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Griese, Martin and Pawlik, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015}}, editor = {{Schwickert, Susanne}}, isbn = {{978-3-8440-3484-4}}, pages = {{117 -- 126}}, publisher = {{Shaker Verlag}}, title = {{{Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft}}}, volume = {{2015}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4039, abstract = {{Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of power electronic devices is growing in importance in diverse fields. For testing the electronic control units in automotive applications hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today's standard method. It is also applied for many industrial applications like power converters and electric drives. Anyway real-time capable models of power electronics are required. In this contribution, a novel approach for real-time simulation of power electronic circuits comprising fast FPGA-based output models is presented. Two types of modeling circuits are described and compared to each other. Both methods do not fulfill the requirements of the novel approach to combine the advantages of the processor- and FPGA-based simulation. Hence, parts of both methods were combined. Additionally, the switching event detection was improved for low latency reaction and a correction method based on average control is described. The simulation results matches to the reference very well. Therefore the novel approach Is an interesting alternative for hardware-in-the-loop simulation when the algorithm of the electronic control unit requires a very fast reaction on switching events.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Brose, Manuel and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe, International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2013}}, isbn = {{978-1-62993-308-5}}, pages = {{1688 -- 1695}}, publisher = {{Curran Associates, Inc.}}, title = {{{Novel Approach for Real-time Simulation of Power Eiectronic Circuits Comprising Fast FPGA-based Output Modeis}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4089, author = {{Pawlik, Thomas and Griese, Martin and Dohmann, Joachim and Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Antalya, Türkei}}, title = {{{Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4241, author = {{Mambetow, Artur and Neufeld, Ruben and Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{1868-5919}}, journal = {{Ingenieur-Spiegel}}, number = {{April}}, pages = {{41}}, publisher = {{Public Verlagsgesellschaft und Anzeigenagentur mbH}}, title = {{{Drehzahlvariabler Betrieb von Blockheizkraftwerken – Ein Konzept mit vielen Vorteilen}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4242, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{1612-6475}}, journal = {{automation}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{34 -- 35}}, publisher = {{Heinrich Publikationen GmbH}}, title = {{{Holzbearbeitung 4.0}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4243, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{1614-6514}}, journal = {{Holz- und Möbelindustrie Deutschland : Informationen für die Wirtschaft}}, number = {{März}}, pages = {{19}}, publisher = {{Kuhn}}, title = {{{Besser bohren - Projekt optimiert Bohrprozess in der Holzbearbeitung}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4244, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, journal = {{antriebstechnik}}, number = {{08}}, pages = {{42 -- 45}}, publisher = {{Vereinigte Fachverlage}}, title = {{{Auf dem Weg zum "mitdenkenden" Antrieb}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4245, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{0016-4232}}, journal = {{Galvanotechnik : das Innovationsmagazin }}, number = {{09}}, pages = {{1808 -- 1812}}, publisher = {{Leuze}}, title = {{{Ostwestfalen-Lippe: Elektronikprototypen von der Hochschule}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4250, author = {{Ehlich, M. and Borcherding, Holger}}, journal = {{MASCHINENMARKT}}, number = {{KW 15}}, title = {{{Selbstoptimierende Fertigung wird Real}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4262, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Cepin, Simon and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2015 : High voltage module with low internal inductance for next chip generation - next High Power Density Dual (nHPD2)}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3924-0}}, location = {{Nuremberg}}, pages = {{1519 -- 1526}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Compact and Cost-efficient Power Regeneration System for Voltage Source Converters}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @book{4283, abstract = {{IEC TS 62578:2015 describes the operation conditions and typical characteristics of active infeed converters (AIC) of all technologies and topologies which can be connected between the electrical power supply network (lines) a.c. side and a constant current or voltage type d.c. side and which can convert electrical power (active and reactive) in both directions (generative or regenerative). The following is excluded from the scope: - Requirements for the design, development or further functionality of active infeed applications. - Probability of interactions or influences of the AIC with other equipment caused by parasitic elements in an installation or caused by poor electronic design as well as their mitigations. - 'Overhead line' power supply networks because of lack of information (measurements) of their three phase impedances. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) IEC TS 62578, in its revised version includes observed values out of practical applications for emission values below 150 kHz. b) Therefore the document has been extended compared to the first edition, several detailed analysis results are given in the extended Annexes. c) Design recommendations have been derived from the international working group by an assessment of the power supply impedances between 2 kHz and 9 kHz, a comprehensive analysis of the withstand capability of power capacitors against harmonic currents injected by AIC, immunity tests of equipment and considerations about shifted resonances in the power supply network with increased population of undamped filter capacitors. }}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, pages = {{240}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{IEC TS 62578: 2015 }}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{10224, abstract = {{Optical interconnects on printed circuit board level are a promising choice to support high bandwidth for short distance interconnects. These interconnects consists of highly multimode step index waveguides with rectangular core cross sections. Therefore ray tracing is an excellent method to determine the optical path parameters, e.g. optical power, ray path lengths and local ray directions. Based on these parameters the step response, the transient transfer function and the coupling behavior can be calculated. Classical ray tracing methods calculates the optical path parameters of each ray by successively computing internal reflections until a termination condition is reached. Therefore the computing time depends on the number of internal reflections. If the optical waveguide consists of cascaded straight and curved segments, e. g. point-to-point interconnects, one can use the analytic ray tracing method to determine the optical path parameters. The whole path parameters of each ray are determined by one analytical computation. The computing time depends on the number of segments. The analytic ray tracing method is unusable to determine ray path parameters of segments with varying core cross sections, e.g. tapers, crossings, splitters and combiners.}}, author = {{Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{Optical Interconnects XVII}}, editor = {{Schröder, Henning and Chen, Ray T.}}, issn = {{0277-786X}}, location = {{San Francisco}}, publisher = {{SPIE}}, title = {{{Semi-analytic ray tracing method for time-efficient computing of transmission behavior of PCB level optical interconnects with varying core cross sections}}}, doi = {{10.1117/12.2076931}}, volume = {{9368}}, year = {{2015}}, } @book{4901, author = {{Borcherding, Arnold and Heidemann, Klaus and Nerreter, Wolfgang}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-44268-9}}, issn = {{978-3-446-44337-2 }}, pages = {{159}}, publisher = {{Carl Hanser Verlag}}, title = {{{Aufgaben : 120 Aufgaben mit Lösungen }}}, volume = {{3}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{269, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann}}, location = {{München}}, title = {{{ Energieeffiziente Intralogistik – Optimale Nutzung generatorischer Energie durch neuartiges modulares Netzrückspeisekonzept}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @misc{3971, author = {{Schulte, Thomas}}, title = {{{Echtzeit-Schaltungssimulation}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4002, abstract = {{Power electronic devices are growing in importance in automotive applications. Power converters are used in hybrid electric vehicles but also in other vehicle applications like electric steering systems for example. For testing electronic equipment, hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today’s standard method in the automotive industry. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation requires a real-time capable model of the plant but the development of those models of power electronic circuits is still an ambitious task due to the switching of the semiconductors devices. Real-time simulation usually requires a fixed step-size which does not allow classic zero crossing detection algorithms. Depending on the chosen real-time platform, the minimum possible step-size of the real-time simulation is limited and requires special algorithms for an appropri-ate and precise simulation of these high dynamic systems. In this contribution, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a rectifier with power factor correction will be presented. First a short outline on modelling methods for real-time simulation of power electronics is given and an approach for determining the model as well as the necessary assumptions and simplifications are described. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop bench is described and measurement results from the real plant and the simulation results are compared.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Berlin}}, title = {{{HIL Simulation of a Rectifier with Power Factor Correction}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4008, abstract = {{Due to the increasing energy demand and shortage of fossil fuels, the energy systems will be transformed from mainly centralized into more decentralized systems, also incorporating more renewable energy. However, optimizing the control and structure of these systems is rather complex. A method for analyzing and planning of such systems is an adapted variant of the so called Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation. This approach comprises virtual energy components as models combined with data from experimental components. As a virtual energy component, a simulation model describing the physical behavior of CHP units is proposed in this contribution. The modeling approach is based on a time domain approach using state variables of the multiple domains to describe the dynamic behavior. For instance, the first law of thermodynamics is applied to model the thermal quantities. Furthermore, the model is scalable regarding the modeling depth and the power ratings which allows an application for different simulation scenarios. Finally, the overall model is parameterized and validated with data of a medium sized CHP plant.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen}}, location = {{Istanbul}}, pages = {{189 -- 200}}, publisher = {{Academia.edu}}, title = {{{Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4009, abstract = {{Virtual commissioning (VC) is used to test control code deployed on Programmable Logical Controllers. Simulation models of a plant are the core of any VC approach. Simulation models should represent the plant in a way so that the correct process execution can be tested under customers’ conditions. Simulation models of a plant are usually not built monolithically, but by many partial simulation models that represent the modules or components of the investigated plant. To ensure that the VC is efficient and provides helpful results, these partial simulation models can be implemented at different levels of detail, depending on the current test scenario. Usually, the definition of the modules’ and components’ level of detail is fixed. However, situations exist where more than one level of detail can be adequate. A dynamically adaptable level of detail seems beneficial to e. g. keep computing time at a reasonable level and to ensure meaningful results of the plants simulation model. However, no method or approach exists so far to handle a dynamically adaptable level of detail. This paper discusses potentials and challenges of a dynamically adaptable level of detail and shows possible solution contributions that could yield benefits for a VC approach.}}, author = {{Riediger, W. and Puntel-Schmidt, P. and Köslin, F. and Schulte, Thomas}}, issn = {{2196-677X }}, journal = {{at - Automatisierungstechnik}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{111 -- 120}}, publisher = {{DeGruyter}}, title = {{{Validierung von Steuerungscode mit Hilfe automatisch generierter Simulationsmodelle}}}, volume = {{63}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4010, author = {{Riediger, W. and Puntel-Schmidt, P. and Köslin, F. and Schulte, Thomas}}, journal = {{SPS IPC Drives }}, publisher = {{Springer-VDI-Verl.}}, title = {{{Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation fertigungstechnischer Anlagen}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4011, abstract = {{Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption and consequently the emission of carbon dioxide. The fuel consumption of those systems depends significantly on the topology of the powertrain and the applied control strategy. Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation can be used for improving the control strategy, where a real-time model of the powertrain with accurate consideration of the power losses is required. Developing those models is a time-consuming task due to the high dynamics and switching frequencies of the electrical subsystem and the various configurations of the mechanical subsystem. In this contribution methods for an efficient modeling of transmission systems and electric drives are presented. Real-Time capability as well as the correct power flows and losses are considered. Finally, simulation results are shown.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Brose, M. and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)}}, location = {{Coimbra}}, pages = {{1 -- 8}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Correct Power Flow and Losses in Real-Time Simulation of HEV Powertrains}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4013, abstract = {{Der Simulation kommt im Rahmen einer durchgehenden digitalen Fabrikplanung immer größere Bedeutung zu. Eine Möglichkeit, die Qualität sowie Termintreue bei der Erstellung von automatisierten fertigungstechnischen Anlagen sicherzustellen, stellt die Absicherung des Steuerungscodes mit einer virtuellen Inbetriebnahme (VIBN) dar. Jedoch ist der für eine VIBN zwingend notwendige Modellbildungsprozess oftmals mit hohen Aufwänden verbunden, die das Einsparpotential einer VIBN oftmals übertreffen und dem Nutzen einer Simulation insgesamt entgegenstehen. Eine mögliche Lösung könnte die automatische Simulationsmodellgenerierung fertigungstechnischer Anlagen sein. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, wie aus Anlagenstrukturdaten, dargestellt im objektorientiert aufgebauten Datenaustauschformat AutomationML, Simulationsmodelle fertigungstechnischer Anlagen in der objektorientierten Modellierungssprache Modelica automatisch generiert werden können. Das generierte Modell läuft anschließend auf einer auf einem Standard-PC basierenden Hardware-in-the-Loop-Plattform und wird mit der mit der realen Steuerung verbunden, so dass diese virtuell in Betrieb genommen werden kann. Beispielhaft wird die VIBN einer unstetigen Fördertechniklösung als typisches Beispiel einer fertigungstechnischen Anlage gezeigt.}}, author = {{Puntel-Schmidt, P. and Fay, A. and Riediger, W. and Schulte, Thomas and Köslin, F. and Diehl, S.}}, issn = {{2405-8963}}, journal = {{IFAC-PapersOnLine}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{69 -- 74}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{Validierung von Steuerungscode fertigungstechnischer Anlagen mit Hilfe automatisch generierter Simulationsmodelle}}}, volume = {{48}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4193, abstract = {{In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode zur numerischen Berechnung von Stromoberschwingungen vorgestellt. Zunächst werden die Auswirkungen von Stromoberschwingungen und die Notwendigkeit einer solchen Berechnungsmethode erörtert. Auf der Basis von Ersatzschaltbildern werden die Betriebszustände erklärt und die notwendigen Gleichungen zur Berechnung der Zwischenkreisspannung und des Netzstroms aufgezeigt. Dann folgt eine Beschreibung des entwickelten Berechnungsalgorithmus; der es ermöglicht die Netzströme und Stromoberschwingungen zu konstruieren. Zur Validierung der Berechnungen werden Vergleichsmessungen aufgezeigt und mit den Berechnungsergebnissen verglichen.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Koch, Jan-Niklas}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband / AALE 2014 : das Forum für Fachleute der Automatisierungstechnik aus Hochschulen und Wirtschaft}}, isbn = {{978-3-8356-7142-3}}, location = {{Regensburg}}, pages = {{103 -- 112}}, publisher = {{Dt. Industrieverl.}}, title = {{{Numerische Berechnung von Stromoberschwingungen nichtlinearer Verbraucher}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inbook{4195, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Mambetow, Artur}}, booktitle = {{EMV, Internationale Fachmesse & Workshops für Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3577-8}}, pages = {{645 -- 652}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Erstellung einer IEC 62578 konformen Netznachbildung und Erfahrung in der Auslegung und Anwendung}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4248, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, location = {{Hannover}}, title = {{{Energieeffiziente Antriebs- und Steuerungstechnik für die Intralogistik}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4249, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{1615-8512}}, journal = {{Computer & Automation}}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{90 -- 94}}, publisher = {{WEKA Fachmedien GmbH }}, title = {{{Die energieeffiziente Intralogistik}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4263, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Studen, C. and Borcherding, Holger and Böcker, J.}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2014 : 1200V 4H-SiC Trench Devices}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3603-4}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{1529 -- 1536}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Indirect Current Source Inverter with Regenerative Snubber Circuit}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @book{4273, author = {{Gausemeier, J. and Trächtler, A. and Schäfer, W. and Borcherding, Holger}}, isbn = {{978-3446436305}}, pages = {{309}}, publisher = {{Hanser}}, title = {{{Semantische Technologien im Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme: Effektiver Austausch von Lösungswissen in Branchenwertschöpfungsketten}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4274, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann}}, booktitle = {{Smarter world : solutions for a smarter world }}, isbn = {{978-3-645-50133-0}}, location = {{München}}, publisher = {{WEKA Fachmedien GmbH}}, title = {{{Energieeffiziente Intralogistik – Optimale Nutzung generatorischer Energie durch neuartiges modulares Netzrückspeisekonzept}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @misc{4290, author = {{Mambetow, Artur and Borcherding, Holger}}, publisher = {{ Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe}}, title = {{{Erstellung einer IEC 62578 konformen Netznachbildung und Erfahrung in der Auslegung und Anwendung}}}, doi = {{10.15488/5457}}, year = {{2014}}, } @misc{9135, abstract = {{In diesem Beitrag wird die Konstruktion einer IEC62578 ed. 2 konformen Netznachbildung für die Messung der leitungsgeführten Störaussendung von Active Infeed Convertern zwischen 2 und 9 kHz beschrieben. Die Auswirkungen durch Streuung von Bauteilwerten konnte durch Simulationen als unkritisch beurteilt werden. Durch gezielte Anpassung von Parametern konnte die Entkopplung von der lokalen Netzimpedanz verbessert und der zu betrachtende Frequenzbereich an die geforderten Grenzen angepasst werden. Nach der Montage der Netznachbildung belegten Messungen am realen Netz die Funktion. Um Erfahrung mit der Netznachbildung zu gewinnen, sollen im Lauf des Jahres 2014 in Kooperation mit Industriefirmen verschiedene AIC vermessen werden, um weitere Erfahrung zu gewinnen.}}, author = {{Mambetow, Artur and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{ Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit emv : Internationale Fachmesse und Kongress für Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit. Düsseldorf, 11.-13.03.2014.}}, editor = {{Garbe, Heyno}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, pages = {{ 645--653}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Erstellung einer IEC 62578 konformen Netznachbildung und Erfahrung in der Auslegung und Anwendung}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.15488/5457}}, year = {{2014}}, } @misc{13023, abstract = {{Transducers based on dielectric electroactive polymers (DEAP) use electrostatic pressure to convert electric energy into strain energy or vice versa. Besides this, they are also designed for sensor applications in monitoring the actual stretch state on the basis of the deformation dependent capacitive-resistive behavior of the DEAP. In order to enable an efficient and proper closed loop control operation of these transducers, e.g. in positioning or energy harvesting applications, on the one hand, sensors based on DEAP material can be integrated into the transducers and evaluated externally, and on the other hand, the transducer itself can be used as a sensor, also in terms of self-sensing. For this purpose the characteristic electrical behavior of the transducer has to be evaluated in order to determine the mechanical state. Also, adequate online identification algorithms with sufficient accuracy and dynamics are required, independent from the sensor concept utilized, in order to determine the electrical DEAP parameters in real time. Therefore, in this contribution, algorithms are developed in the frequency domain for identifications of the capacitance as well as the electrode and polymer resistance of a DEAP, which are validated by measurements. These algorithms are designed for self-sensing applications, especially if the power electronics utilized is operated at a constant switching frequency, and parasitic harmonic oscillations are induced besides the desired DC value. These oscillations can be used for the online identification, so an additional superimposed excitation is no longer necessary. For this purpose a dual active bridge (DAB) is introduced to drive the DEAP transducer. The capabilities of the real-time identification algorithm in combination with the DAB are presented in detail and discussed, finally.}}, author = {{Hoffstadt, Thorben and Griese, Martin and Maas, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Smart Materials and Structures}}, issn = {{1361-665X}}, keywords = {{dielectric electroactive polymer, identification algorithm, self-sensing, DEAP sensor}}, location = {{Snowbird, UT}}, number = {{10}}, publisher = {{IOP Publishing}}, title = {{{Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts}}}, doi = {{10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007}}, volume = {{23}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4003, abstract = {{Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. In order to support this aim, the applied control strategy can be improved by testing and developing the electronic control units by means of Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation. For the simulation, a corresponding real-time model of the powertrain is required. The development of the model is a time-consuming task due to the high dynamics and switching frequencies in the electrical subsystem, comprising the electric drives, inverter and battery and due to the various configurations of the mechanical subsystem, comprising the transmissions. In this contribution, a method for an efficient modeling of different transmission configurations for power-split systems and different types of inverter is presented. Besides the required real-time capability, the models consider the correct power flows and power losses. The presented approach is proven by means of simulation results.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas}}, issn = {{2405-8963}}, journal = {{IFAC Proceedings Volumes}}, location = {{Tokyo}}, number = {{21}}, publisher = {{Elsevier Science}}, title = {{{Real-Time Models of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrains}}}, volume = {{46}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4004, abstract = {{Power electronic devices are important in almost all industrial sectors. Power converters are used for electric drive systems in the production of an automation industry, in the automotive industry, as power supplies in telecommunications or for power conversion in power supply systems. For testing such electronic equipment, hardware-in-the-loop simulation is almost a standard method today, especially in the automotive industry, which always requires a real-time simulation of the plant. For testing the electronic control units of power electronics, real-time capable models of power electronic circuits need to be developed, accordingly. In the previously published contribution [10] different modeling methods were described and an algorithm was developed, which can be used to simulate power electronic circuits in real-time. Based on this algorithm and the automated generation of such models ([10]), further improvements for reducing the memory usage, increasing the degree of parallelization and improving accuracy are described in this paper. However, the presented approaches and modifications as well as the studies on correction methods for switching events and the preprocessing can be applied to other algorithms.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Riediger, W. and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Lile, France}}, pages = {{1 -- 10}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Advanced Preprocessing and Correction-Methods for automated Generation of FPGA-based Simulation of Power Electronics}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inbook{4005, abstract = {{Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of power electronic devices is growing in importance in diverse fields. For testing the electronic control units in automotive applications hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today's standard method. It is also applied for many industrial applications like power converters and electric drives. Anyway real-time capable models of power electronics are required. In this contribution a novel approach is presented, which applies simplified and FPGA-based output models for significantly improving the feedback dynamics of a hardware-in-the-loop simulation of power electronic devices.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Brose, M. and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{International Exhibition & Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management (PCIM Europe 2013) }}, isbn = {{978-1-62993-308-5 }}, location = {{Nuremburg, Germany }}, pages = {{1688 -- 1695}}, publisher = {{Curran Associates, Inc.}}, title = {{{Novel Approach for Real-time Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits Comprising Fast FPGA-based Output Models}}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4197, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Böker, J.}}, booktitle = {{Konferenz für Angewandte Automatisierungstechnik in Lehre und Entwicklung (AALE)}}, isbn = {{978-383-56336-4-3}}, pages = {{257 -- 266}}, publisher = {{Dt. Industrieverl.}}, title = {{{Energierückspeisung bei Frequenzumrichtern mittels neuartiger Leistungselektronik}}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{4199, author = {{Niggemann, Oliver and Borcherding, Holger and Köster, Markus and Windmann, Stefan and Ehlich, Martin}}, issn = {{1436-4980}}, journal = {{Werkstattstechnik : wt}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{416 -- 422}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Energieeffizienz in der Intralogistik : Elektrische Antriebstechnik - intelligent und nachhaltig}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inbook{4201, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{Industrie 4.0 : Beherrschung der industriellen Komplexität mit SysLM}}, editor = {{Sendler, Ulrich}}, isbn = {{978-3-642-36916-2}}, pages = {{55 -- 72}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Der mittelständische Maschinenbau - flexibel und höchst innovativ auch in der Systementwicklung}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4203, author = {{Bursch, Dennis and Riegel, Adrian and Borcherding, Holger and Akemeier, Volker}}, booktitle = {{Production engineering and management proceedings 3rd international conference 26th and 27th September 2013 Trieste, Italy}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-941645-09-7}}, location = {{Trieste, Italy}}, pages = {{91 -- 102}}, title = {{{INTELLIGENT DRILLING- DIRECT-DRIVEN, SELFOPTIMIZING HIGH-SPEED DRILLING SPINDLES FOR FURNITURE INDUSTRY}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4205, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger and Böcker, Joachim}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe, International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2013}}, isbn = {{978-1-62993-308-5}}, pages = {{1358 -- 1365}}, publisher = {{Curran}}, title = {{{Design and Practical Evaluation of a Power Regeneration System for Voltage Source Converters}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @misc{4207, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Studen, Christian and Klöpper, Björn and Siekmann, Lennart}}, pages = {{82}}, publisher = {{Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung}}, title = {{{Energieeffizienzsteigerung bei drehzahlgeregelten elektrischen Antrieben durch neuartige Leistungselektronik. Abschlussbericht zum Projekt E-DEAL}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @misc{4239, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Verfahren und Schaltung für den mehrphasigen Betrieb eines Elektromotors}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @misc{4240, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines digitalen Signals}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @book{4275, author = {{Baum, Gerhard and Borcherding, Holger and Broy, Manfred and Huber, Anton S. and Eigner, Martin and Kohler, Herbert and Russwurm, Siedfried}}, editor = {{Sendler, Ulrich}}, isbn = {{978-3-642-36916-2 }}, publisher = {{Springer Vieweg Verlag}}, title = {{{Industrie 4.0 : Beherrschung der industriellen Komplexität mit SysLM}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4276, abstract = {{In the presented work, the detection of anomalous energy consumption in hybrid industrial production systems is investigated. A model-based approach with a timed hybrid automaton as overall system model is employed for anomaly detection. The approach is based on the assumption of several system modes, i.e. phases with continuous system behavior. Transitions between the modes are attributed to discrete control events such as on/off signals. The underlying discrete event system which comprises both system modes and transitions is modeled as finite state machine. The focus of this paper is set on the modeling of the energy consumption in the particular system modes. Sequences of stochastic state space models are employed for this purpose. Model learning and anomaly detection for this approach are considered. The proposed approach is further evaluated in a small model factory. The experimental results show significant improvements compared to existing approaches to anomaly detection in hybrid industrial systems.}}, author = {{Windmann, Stefan and Jiao, Shuo and Niggemann, Oliver and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{11th International IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics}}, location = {{Bochum}}, pages = {{194 -- 199}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{A Stochastic Method for the Detection of Anomalous Energy Consumption in Hybrid Industrial Systems}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4896, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger and Böcker, J.}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings / PCIM Europe / International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion Renewable Energy and Energy Management, Nuremberg, 14 - 16 May 2013. Organizer: Mesago PCM GmbH Stuttgart }}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-4186-1}}, keywords = {{Automatisierungstechnik}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{1639 -- 1646}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verl.}}, title = {{{ Design and Practical Evaluation of a Power Regeneration : System for Voltage Source Converters}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{3973, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Puschmann, F. and Kiffe, Axel}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Leistungselektronikmodelle für Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{3974, abstract = {{Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. In order to support this aim, the applied control strategy can be improved by testing and developing the electronic control units by means of Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation. For the simulation, a corresponding real-time model of the powertrain is required. The development of the model is a time-consuming task due to the high dynamics and switching frequencies in the electrical subsystem, comprising the electric drives, inverter and battery and due to the various configurations of the mechanical subsystem, comprising the transmissions. In this contribution, a method for an efficient modeling of different transmission configurations for power-split systems and different types of inverter is presented. Besides the required real-time capability, the models consider the correct power flows and power losses. The presented approach is proven by means of simulation results.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{West Yorkshire (Großbritannien)}}, title = {{{Real-Time Models of Hybrid Powertrain Transmissions}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{3975, abstract = {{Power electronic devices are growing in importance in automotive applications. Power converters are used in hybrid electric vehicles but also in other vehicle applications like electric steering systems. For testing electronic equipment, hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today's standard method in the automotive industry. It always requires a real-time simulation of the plant. For testing the electronic control units of power electronics, real-time capable models of power electronic circuits need to be developed, accordingly. This paper presents an approach for an automated generation of a FPGA-based oversampling model of power electronic circuits. Two types of modeling methods for considering the nonlinear switching behavior will be compared. For applying the oversampling approach a generator is presented, which automates a FPGA-based implementation of the circuit model. The approach is proven by simulation and measurement results.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2012 Proceedings of the 15th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, location = {{Novi Sad (Serbien)}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Automated Generation of a FPGA-based Oversampling Model of Power Electronic Circuits }}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{3997, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Geng, S. and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Duisburg}}, publisher = {{Springer Fachmedien GmbH}}, title = {{{Herausforderung der HIL-Simulation für Hybrid- und Elektrofahrzeuge}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{4006, abstract = {{Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is today a standard method for testing electronic equipment in the automotive industry. Since electric drives and power electronic devices are more and more important in automotive applications, these kinds of systems have to be integrated into the hardware- in-the-loop simulation. Power converters and electric drives are used in many different applications in vehicles today (hybrid electric or electric powertrain, electric steering systems, DC-DC converters, etc.). The wide range of applications, topologies, and power levels results in various different approaches and solutions for hardware-in-the-loop testing. This paper gives an overview of hardware-in-the-loop simulation of power electronics and electric drives in the automotive industry. The currently available technologies are described and future challenges are outlined.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Kiffe, Axel and Puschmann, F.}}, issn = {{1450-5843}}, journal = {{ELECTRONICS}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{130 -- 135}}, publisher = {{Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Banja Luka }}, title = {{{HIL Simulation of Power Electronics and Electric Drives for Automotive Applications}}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{4007, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Brussels}}, title = {{{Hybrid Powertrain Transmission Models for HIL-Simulation}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @misc{4238, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Schaltungsanordnung für einen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{4041, abstract = {{This paper describes challenges and possible solution of hybrid electrical vehicles test systems with a special focus on hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test bench. The degree of novelty of this work can be seen in the fact that development and test of ECU for hybrid electrical powertrains can move more and more from mechanical test benches with real automotive components to HIL test systems. The challenging task in terms of electrical interface between an electric motor ECU and an HIL system and necessary real-time capable simulation models for electric machines have been investigated and partly solved. Even cell balancing strategies performed by battery management systems (BMU) can be developed and tested using HIL technology with battery simulation models and a precise cell voltage simulation on electrical level.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Schulze, Tino and Sauer, Jörg}}, issn = {{0148-7191}}, journal = {{SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition, April 2011}}, title = {{{Hybrid Drivetrain Simulation for Hardware-in-the-Loop Applications}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{4042, abstract = {{Using electric motors for complex and increasingly safety-critical functions in vehicles re-quires comprehensive testing to be performed during system development. This applies above all to the innovative drive concepts used in hybrid and electrical vehicles. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation has become a standard method for testing the software functions for these. There are various interfaces that are suitable for connecting the electronic control unit to the hardware-in-the-loop simulator for systems with electric drives. Test systems that reproduce the physical electrical signals (currents and voltages) at the ECU connectors are also increasingly required. This paper presents several concepts for simulating electric drives by means of electronic load emulation. Particular attention is paid to simulating high-power (> 10 kW) and high-voltage (> 100 V) electric drives.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Bracker, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{IFAC Symposium “Advances in Automotive Control (AAC 2010)}}, location = {{München}}, title = {{{Real-Time Simulation of Electric Drives by Electronic Load Emulation}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @article{4043, abstract = {{Die zukünftig zunehmende Elektrifizierung des Antriebsstrangs erfordert die Entwicklung neuer elektrischer Antriebs- und Regelungskonzepte. Die hierfür notwendigen Steuergeräte und Regelalgorithmen werden deutlich komplexer. Tests der neuen innovativen Technologien an Prüfständen und Prototypfahrzeugen sind kosten- und zeitaufwändig. Deshalb setzen die Entwickler während der gesamten Entwicklung modellbasierte Entwicklungsverfahren ein. Für den Test der Steuergeräte und insbesondere ihrer Software hat sich dabei die Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL)-Simulation sowohl bei den Zulieferern als auch bei den Fahrzeugherstellern als Standardwerkzeug in der Elektronikentwicklung etabliert.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Plöger, Markus and Holthaus, Nils}}, issn = {{0939-5326}}, journal = {{Automobil-Elektronik : das Automotive-Magazin von all-electronics}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{46 -- 47}}, publisher = {{Hüthig}}, title = {{{E-Motoren : Hardware-in-the-Loop-Test mit voller Leistung}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inbook{4045, abstract = {{Moderne Industrieantriebe beinhalten unterschiedliche durch den Benutzer konfigurierbare Funktionen. Darüber hinaus sind mit lediglich einer Typenserie eine bemerkenswerte Zahl von Kombinationen aus Leistungsendstufen. Motoren, Sensoren und Kommunikationsschnittstellen mögHch. Trotzdem werden heute sehr hohe Anforderungen an die Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit der Systeme gestellt. wobei die dazu notwendigen umfangreichen Tests des vollständigen Funktionsumfangs unter unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen extrem zeit-und kostenintensiv sind. Die Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation (HIL) wird bereits seit mehreren Jahren erfolgreich für Tests automotiver Steuergeräte eingesetzt und kann auch im Bereich der industriellen Antriebstechnik zu einer signifikanten Kostensenkung beitragen. HIL-Simulation ermöglicht automatisiertes Testen mit reproduzierbaren, zuverlässigen Ergebnissen. Das modellbasierte Testen eröffnet außerdem eine gegenüber mechanischen Prüfständen extrem hohe Flexibilität und ermöglicht Tests in ansonsten kritischen Betriebszuständen. Dieser Beitrag stellt unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen für die Hardware-in-theLoop- Simulation von elektrischen Antrieben dar. die bei den notwendigen Tests eine effiziente Kostensenkung ermöglichen. Sie werden bereits erfolgreich für automotive Anwendungen wie z. B. Hybrid-Fahrzeuge eingesetzt. lassen sich aber auch sehr gut auf Industrieantriebe übertragen.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Puschmann, Frank and Wertz, Harald}}, booktitle = {{Elektrische Automatisierung - Systeme und Komponenten : SPS/IPC/Drives 2010, Fachmesse & Kongress, 23. - 25. Nov. 2010, Nürnberg ; [Tagungsband] }}, isbn = {{ 9783800733125}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{215 -- 223}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Hardware-in-the-loop-Simulation für elektrische Antriebssysteme}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{4068, abstract = {{Die Nutzung früher Patente zur elektrisch/elektrischen Energieumwandlung mittels piezoelektrischen Effekts (z. B. Rosen-Transformator, 1958, s [1]) scheiterte letzlich an den fehlenden technologischen Voraussetzungen sowohl seitens der piezoelektrischen Werkstoffe als auch seitens der leistungselektronischen Bauelemente für hohe Schaltfrequenzen. Erst seit Mitte der 80er-Jahre konnten mit PZT-Keramiken (PZT: BLeizironat-Titanit) erflogreich piezowlektrische Transformatoren entwickelt werden. und seit etwa der Mitteder 90er Jahre angewendet werden. Durch die intensive Forschung und Weiterentwicklung im Bereich der piezoelektrischen Wandler sowie im Bereich der Leistungselektronik und ihrer Komponenten erscheinen pizoelektrische Transformatoren heute bei einer Vielzahl von typischen leistungselektronischen Anwendungen als geeingnete Alternative zu herkömmlichen Transformatoren. Dieser Aufastz beinhaltet eine Zusammenfassung des Stades der Technik und Entwicklungsperspektiven piezoelektrischer Transformatoren aus leistungselektrischer Sicht.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Kauczor, Christopher and Grotstollen, Horst}}, title = {{{Piezoelektrische Transformatoren- Schaltungen und Anwendungen}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @misc{4211, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Verfahren und Schaltung für den mehrphasigen Betrieb eines Elektromotors}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{4277, author = {{Balzer, E. and Borcherding, Holger and Garbe, H.}}, location = {{York, Groß-Britannien}}, title = {{{The influence of the control of an Active Front End on the conducted emission}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{4278, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Hohnsbein, T.}}, booktitle = {{SPS/IPC/DRIVES 2011 : Elektrische Automatisierung - Systeme und Komponenten}}, editor = {{Bender, K.}}, isbn = {{978-3800733798}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{491 -- 500}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Energieeffizienz : Getriebebehafteter oder -loser Antrieb in der Fördertechnik}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @misc{3972, author = {{Schulte, Thomas}}, title = {{{Schaltung zur Nachbildung einer elektrischen Last}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{4047, abstract = {{Die aus derAutomobilelektronik bekannte Hardware-in-the-Loop-SimulationzumTesten der Hard-und SoftwarevonSteuergeräfen hält nun auch Einzug in die Testlabare der Herste/lervon elektrischen Antrieben. HILSimulation bedeutet hier, dass einer zu testenden Serienrege/einrichtung eine nicht real vorhandene Rege/strecke über ein Echtzeitsystem mit entsprechender Peripherie simuliert wird. Der damit erreichte Automatisierungsgrad bei der Durchführung von Softwajetests erschließt erhebliche Einsparpotentiafe und ermöglicht kürzere Entwicklungszeiten.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Wertz, Harald}}, issn = {{0341-2652}}, journal = {{Antriebstechnik}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{16 -- 19}}, publisher = {{Vereinigte Fachverl.}}, title = {{{Im virtuellen Testlabor : Echtzeitsimulation von Antrieben eraffnet Einsparpotentiale}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{4212, author = {{Balzer, Eugen and Borcherding, Holger and Grabe, Heyno}}, booktitle = {{EMV 2010: Internationale Fachmesse und Kongress für Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit 09.-11.März 2010}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3206-7}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Messung der Netzimpedanz im Frequenzbereich bis 20 kHz und Analyse der Oberschwingungen bis zur 200. Harmonischen in verschiedenen Niederspannungsnetzen.}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{4213, abstract = {{Currently there are general limits for conducted emissions only in the frequency range up to 2 kHz [1],[2] and above 150 kHz [3]. Limits for the frequency range from 2 kHz to 9 kHz are in discussion. Because of this mentioned gap in the standards there is an uncertainty how to design filters and disturbance sources like converters. For finding limits investigations are necessary on mains impedances and harmonics. There are older publications on mains impedances (e. g. [4], [5]), but they include only measurements of impedances between one phase and neutral conductor and no measurements of impedances between the phases. This is important for three-phase loads. Furthermore in [4] no measurements were made in industrial mains and the investigations were carried out more than one decade ago. Especiaily in the last years the electrical environment in the mains has changed because of the increasing number of self-commutated converters. Accordingly, much higher amplitudes for harmonics in the upper frequency range are identifiable. In this paper current investigations on mains impedances and harmonics are presented which were carried out in universities, companies and private houses. The results could be used as a base for finding limits and for designing filters and disturbance sources economicaily.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Balzer, Eugen and Garbe, Heyno}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings - PCIM Europe 2010}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3229-6}}, location = {{Exhibition Centre Nuremberg}}, pages = {{631 -- 635}}, title = {{{Measurements of mains impedances in the frequency range up to 20 kHz and analysis of harmonics up to 10kHz in low voltage mains}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{3998, abstract = {{Die Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation (HiL) zählt als ein Standardwerkzeug in der Elektronikentwicklung, wobei sich der Test am HiL-Simulator vom Test einzelner Funktionen über den Komponententest bis hin zum Integrationstest ganzer Steuergeräte-Netzwerke erstreckt. Bei der HiL-Simulation werden dem zu testenden Steuergerät Sensorsignale vorgegeben, die in Echtzeit aus einem dynamischen Simulationsmodell der Steuergeräteumgebung erzeugt werden. Die Steuergeräte-Ausgangssignale als Reaktion auf die Eingangssignale dienen dem Echtzeit-Modell als Eingangsgrößen, wodurch das Steuergerät am Labortisch so betrieben werden kann, als wäre es im echten Fahrzeug eingebaut. Die HiL-Simulation wird hier auf mechatronische Steuergeräte angewandt, bei denen Sensoren und/oder Aktoren integriert sind. Die HiL-Simulation für die elektrische Servolenkung wird auf einem mechanischen Prüfstand mit Belastungseinrichtung und auf elektrischer Leistungsebene für Software und elektrische Funktion des Lenksystems vorgenommen. Für die Prüfung eines ESP-Steuergeräts wird eine 3D-Bewegungsplattform verwendet, auf deren Basis der interne Sensorcluster mechanisch stimuliert werden kann. über eine Verkopplung des Prüfstandes an ein HiL-System mit Fahrdynamikmodell kann eine physikalisch richtige Simulation des Fahrmanövers vorgenommen werden.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Plöger, M. and Filgerdamm, A.}}, isbn = {{1614-0125}}, journal = {{Elektronik automotive}}, number = {{3}}, publisher = {{WEKA Fachmedien}}, title = {{{Mechatronik-Test: HiL-Simulation für mechatronische Systeme aus den Bereichen Fahrdynamik und elektrische Servolenkung}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @article{4049, abstract = {{Die Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation (HiL) zählt als ein Standardwerkzeug in der Elektronikentwicklung, wobei sich der Test am HiL-Simulator vom Test einzelner Funktionen über den Komponententest bis hin zum Integrationstest ganzer Steuergeräte-Netzwerke erstreckt. Bei der HiL-Simulation werden dem zu testenden Steuergerät Sensorsignale vorgegeben, die in Echtzeit aus einem dynamischen Simulationsmodell der Steuergeräteumgebung erzeugt werden. Die Steuergeräte-Ausgangssignale als Reaktion auf die Eingangssignale dienen dem Echtzeit-Modell als Eingangsgrößen, wodurch das Steuergerät am Labortisch so betrieben werden kann, als wäre es im echten Fahrzeug eingebaut. Die HiL-Simulation wird hier auf mechatronische Steuergeräte angewandt, bei denen Sensoren und/oder Aktoren integriert sind. Die HiL-Simulation für die elektrische Servolenkung wird auf einem mechanischen Prüfstand mit Belastungseinrichtung und auf elektrischer Leistungsebene für Software und elektrische Funktion des Lenksystems vorgenommen. Für die Prüfung eines ESP-Steuergeräts wird eine 3D-Bewegungsplattform verwendet, auf deren Basis der interne Sensorcluster mechanisch stimuliert werden kann. über eine Verkopplung des Prüfstandes an ein HiL-System mit Fahrdynamikmodell kann eine physikalisch richtige Simulation des Fahrmanövers vorgenommen werden.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Plöger, Markus and Filgerdamm, Andreas}}, issn = {{0013-5658}}, journal = {{Elektronik automotive : Magazin für Entwicklungen in der Kfz-Elektronik und Telematik}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{36 -- 39}}, publisher = {{WEKA}}, title = {{{Mechatronik-Test : HiL-Simulation für mechatronische Systeme aus den Bereichen Fahrdynamik und elektrische Servolenkung.}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @book{4215, author = {{Nerreter, Wolfgang and Flegel, Georg and Birnstiel, Karl and Borcherding, Holger and Meier, Uwe}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-41906-3}}, pages = {{347}}, publisher = {{Carl Hanser Verlag}}, title = {{{Elektrotechnik für Maschinenbau und Mechatronik}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4216, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{Internationaler ETG-Kongress 2009 (ETG-FB 118) : Fachtagung 1: Intelligente Netze / Fachtagung 2: Leistungselektronik in Netzen}}, editor = {{Kreusel, J.}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3194-7}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, pages = {{399 -- 402}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Über den Inhalt der IEC 62578 DTS: Technical Specification: Operations and Characteristics of activeinfeed converter applications}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4217, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Teisch, Arthur and Obernolte, Urs}}, booktitle = {{Internationaler ETG-Kongress 2009 (ETG-FB 119) : Fachtagung 3: Direktantriebe in Produktionsmaschinen und Industrieanlagen - Generatoren und Antriebe in regenerativen Kraftwerken / Fachtagung 4: Diagnostik elektrischer Betriebsmittel}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3195-4}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, pages = {{103 -- 108}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Verbesserte Energieeffizienz durch direktangetriebene winkelgeberlose drehzahlgeregelte Spindeln bei Mehrachsbohrköpfen für die holzverarbeitende Industrie}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4291, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, title = {{{Technical Specification: Operations and Characteristics of active infeed converter application}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4051, abstract = {{This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for simulating BLDC motors. The test bench combines two key technologies; first an electric motor simulation on the electric interface level, which is not only based on control signals but also emulates real currents and voltages; secondly an FPGA-based (field-programmable gate array) electric motor model. The overall simulation concept represents a comprehensive simulation of the electric motor, which is therefore suitable for running controllers incorporating sensorless motor control. Thus it enables integrated hardware-in-the-loop testing for control units which could formerly only be tested by means of mechanical test benches.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Bracker, J.}}, pages = {{2195 -- 2200}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Real-time simulation of BLDC motors for hardware-in-the-loop applications incorporating sensorless control}}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{4052, abstract = {{In modern vehicles, electrical drives and power electronics are used to control a large variety of different applications. To operate these components electronic control units have to be designed and tested. To validate the software of the electronic control units hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a todaypsilas standard method. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation always comprises a real-time simulation of the plant, including actuator and sensor models. In case of an electronic circuit the plant consists of passive components like capacitors and inductors, usually assumed to be linear, and semi-conductors with nonlinear and discontinuous behavior. The following paper suggests classification criteria and compares different methods for real-time simulations of electronic circuits considering switching events. For evaluation theoretical considerations as well as simulation results are presented concerning differences in approaches.}}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas and Graf, C. and Weise-Emden, J.}}, pages = {{2829 -- 2834}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics}}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inbook{4053, abstract = {{Die Verwendung von E-Motoren für komplexe und sicherheitskritische Funktionen in Fahrzeugen erfordert umfangreiche Tests bei der Systementwicklung. Dabei hat sich die HIL-Simulation (Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation) zum Testen der Softwarefunktionen als Standardwerkzeug etabliert. Bei Systemen mit Elektromotoren müssen besondere Anforderungen an die Simulationsumgebung gestellt werden. Diese ergeben sich aus der hohen Dynamik der elektrischen Größen, der relativ hohen elektrischen Leistungen, dem oft hohen Integrationsgrad der Steuergeräte-Hardware und der Einbindung der elektrlschen Antriebe in ubergeordnete Fahrzeugfunktionen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein System zur E-Motorsimulation auf elektrischer Leistungsebene vorgestellt. Dazu werden neben einer FPGA-basierten E-Motorsimulation hoch-dynamische elektronische Lasten verwendet.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Bracker, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{Steuerung und Regelung von Fahrzeugen und Mortoren : VDI-Berichte 2009}}, isbn = {{978-3-18-092009-2}}, pages = {{115 -- 124}}, title = {{{Echtzeitfähige Elektromotorsimulation mit realen Strömen und Spannungen für Hardware-in-the-Loop-Anwendungen}}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{4055, abstract = {{Electric drives are growing in importance in automotive applications, especially in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and in the vehicle dynamics area (steering systems, etc.). The challenges of real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation and testing of electric drives are addressed in this paper. In general, three different interface levels between the electric drive and the hardware-inthe-loop system can be distinguished: the signal level (1), the electrical level (2) and the mechanical level (3). These interface levels, as well as modeling and I/O-related aspects of electric drives and power electronics devices, are discussed in detail in the paper. Finally, different solutions based on dSPACE simulator technology are presented, for both hybrid vehicle and steering applications.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Wagener, Andreas and Wältermann, Peter and Schütte, Herbert}}, title = {{{Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Systems for Electric Motors in Advanced Powertrain Applications}}}, year = {{2007}}, } @inbook{4056, abstract = {{Hybridantriebe erweitern die bestehen Antirebstechnologien um eistungsfähige elektrische Maschinen und Speichervorrichtungen in verschiedenen Konfigurationen. Diese zusätzitchen Komponenten erhöhen Freiheitsgrade des gesamten Systems führen zu einer komplexen Verteilung auf mehrere Steuergeräte. Um dieser angestiegenen Komplexitat Rechnung zu tragen, muss die Entwicklungsumgebung sprechend angepasst werden. Hardware-in-the-Loop(HIL)Simulation ist im Entwicklungsprozess für einzelne Steuergeräte wle auch für den Test von Verbundsystemen eine etablierte Testmethode. Allerdings unterscheiden sich die Anforderungen an HIL Simulatoren für den Test von Steuergeräten für elektrische Antriebe deutlich von denen für z. B. Verbrennungsmotoren. Die Regelung eines elektrischen Antriebs erfordert eine signifikant höhere Echtzeitdynamlk, da diese mit 5 bis 20 kHz berechnet werden. Für die Echtzeitsimulation der elektrischen Mahschine ist somit eine optimierte I/O Schnittstelle entscheidend, die auf die spezifische Signale der Anwendung und das eingesetzte Echtzeit-Modell optimiert ist. Die Testumgebung muss für einen Verbund Steuergeräten ausgelegt werden, wobei diese entweder direkt angeschlossen oder simuliert werden.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Klahold, Jürgen and Wagener, Andreas}}, booktitle = {{Neue elektrische Antriebskonzepte für Hybridfahrzeuge}}, isbn = {{978-3-8169-2677-1}}, pages = {{388 -- 399}}, title = {{{Test elektrischer Antriebe für Hybridfahrzeuge mittels Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation}}}, year = {{2007}}, } @inproceedings{4058, abstract = {{Modern vehicles use Electronic Control Units (ECU), connected via Controller Area Network (CAN) to perform functions. Many of these functions are distributed across several ECUs. This network interconnection enables the sharing of sensors, calculated information and actuators. As new functionality is added, the number of ECUs and their complexity increase.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Adenmark, Mikael and Deter, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{SAE 2006 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress & Exhibition, October 2006, Rosemont, IL, USA, Session: Systems Engineering Part 1 of 2}}, title = {{{Testing Networked ECUs in a HIL Based Integration Lab}}}, year = {{2006}}, } @inbook{4059, abstract = {{Modern vehicles use Electronic Control Units (ECU), connected via Controller Area Network (CAN) to perform functions. Many of these functions are distributed across several ECUs. This network interconnection enables the sharing of sensors, calculated information and actuators. As new functionality is added, the number of ECUs and their complexity increase. This paper describes the values and possibilities of a Hardware-ln-the-Loop (HIL) based Integration Lab, which enables a wide range of automatic tests to be performed on networked ECUs. The Integration Lab is the complex rebuild of a Scania truck/bus, containing the ECU superset, for connecting and testing networked ECUs. It involves more than 30 ECUs and eleven CAN networks. For a complete system, where the variant fauna is as extensive as the Scania vehicle, and continuously growing in size, the need for testing increases, especially regarding testing different variants and regression testing. Manual testing is then no longer an option, since the need for testing, concerning both quality and quantity, increases above the limit of where manual testing is applicable. A manual test lab is often a good way to start testing ECUs on an early stage of the development and is relatively easily and fast built. But in the long run the need for an automated lab becomes obvious. In the beginning the output of an automated lab is less than that of a manual lab. When the output level reaches that of a manual lab it continues to climb past this level since test scripts written earlier will continue to be run each test round. The Integration Lab demonstrates that dSPACE Simulator technology is capable of handling huge vehicle networks far in excess of that of passenger cars.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Adenmark, Mikael and Deter, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{SAE-SP}}, isbn = {{978-0-7680-1827-1}}, pages = {{23 -- 31}}, title = {{{Testing networked ECUs in a HIL based Integration Lab.}}}, volume = {{2060}}, year = {{2006}}, } @inproceedings{4061, abstract = {{Varios desings of piezoelectric transformers are know, but due to the limitation of a finite miechanical structure only standing wave excitation in used up to now. This paper outlines a novel concept based on a travelling wave instead of standing wave exicitation, which allows a theoretical increase of power density by a factor √2. Theo theoretical basics as well as prototype of a travelling wave type piezoelectric transformer are presented.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Kauczor, Christopher and Grotstollen, Horst}}, booktitle = {{ACTUATOR 2004}}, location = {{Bremen}}, pages = {{395 -- 398}}, title = {{{Piezoelectric Transformer of Travelling Wave Type.}}}, year = {{2004}}, } @book{4063, abstract = {{Der Ultraschall-Wanderwellenmotor ist ein typischer Vertreter der Piezomotoren. Wanderwellenmotoren erzeugen relativ hohe Drehmomente bei niedrigen Drehzahlen, weshalb sie vor allem als getriebelose Direktantriebe interessant sind. Es existieren jedoch eine Reihe von prinzipbedingten Nachteilen, zu denen neben technologischen Aspekten insbesondere das nichtlineare und zeitvariante Systemverhalten und die relativ aufwendige Speisung mit Wechselspannung im Ultraschallbereich zählen. In dieser Arbeit werden Stromrichter und Antriebsregelungen für Wanderwellenmotoren entwickelt bzw. weiterentwickelt und bezüglich Leistungsfähigkeit und Aufwand gegenübergestellt. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der konzeptionellen Wechselwirkung zwischen Stromrichter und Regelung sowie anwendungsseitigen Anforderungen. Bei den Stromrichtern wird in erster Linie das übertragungsverhalten betrachtet, welches maßgeblich durch die Auslegung der Ausgangsfilter beeinflußt wird. Für die Leistungsfähigkeit der Antriebsregelung ist die Struktur der Regelkreise einschließlich der Meß- und Regelgrößenauswahl von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die wesentlichen Eigenschaften unterschiedlicher Konzepte werden vorgestellt und bewertet. Die Arbeit bietet einen überblick über geeignete Stromrichter- und Regelungskonzepte für Wanderwellenmotoren und kann potentiellen Anwendern als Grundlage für die Realisierung von Antrieben mit Wanderwellenmotor dienen. Aufgrund ähnlicher Wirkungsprinzipien lassen sich häufig an diesen Motoren gefundene Ergebnisse auch auf andere Typen von Piezomotoren sowie resonant-betriebene Piezoaktoren übertragen.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas}}, isbn = {{3-18-336321-6}}, pages = {{186}}, publisher = {{Beck}}, title = {{{Stromrichter- und Regelungskonzepte für Ultraschall- Wanderwellenmotoren}}}, volume = {{363}}, year = {{2004}}, } @misc{4231, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Verfahren zur Temperaturüberwachung eines Elektromotors}}}, year = {{2003}}, } @inproceedings{4064, abstract = {{For feeding piezoelectric ultrasonic motors different kinds of resonant converter concepts are well proven, but a common problem are their bulky and expensive resonant inductors. Therefore, power converters which do not require heavy inductors are of great interest. In this contrbution power converters with non-resonant output filters are investigated fpr reducing weight and volume ofe the magnetic components. The design of such a power converter for a travelling wave type ultrasonic type motor is presented. Implementation highlights like the design of the filters and the concept of an universal digital modulator are outlined and measured results are presented. Finally the concept is compared to resonant converters under consideration of weight, volume and efficiency.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, booktitle = {{ACTUATOR 2002}}, location = {{Bremen}}, pages = {{442 -- 445}}, title = {{{PWM-Converter for Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors.}}}, year = {{2002}}, } @inproceedings{4066, abstract = {{Ultrasonic piezoelectric converters (UPC) require adequate power supplies providing high frequency output voltage of several hundred volts and a total output power up to several kilowatts. Several concepts are conceivable but the potential of optimisation adopting a certain concept depends on the electrical terminal behaviour of the UPC. In this contribution the operating behaviour ofUPC is discussed with respect to their transfer function, the necessary excitation and their terminal behaviour. The latter definies the demands for the power supply, while considering different parameter combinations for bandwidth, quality and piezoelectric capacitance. The main part of this contribution is concerned with the development and realisation of a laboratory power supply for UPC, which is of resonant type.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert and Kauczor, Christopher}}, booktitle = {{ACTUATOR 2002}}, location = {{Bremen}}, pages = {{485 -- 488}}, title = {{{Resonant Power Converter for Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Converter.}}}, year = {{2002}}, } @misc{4237, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Kühlkörper für einen Frequenzumrichter}}}, year = {{2002}}, } @inproceedings{4070, abstract = {{Speed control strategies for piezoelectric drives have been presented by several authors. Beside various control strategies based on adaptive structures like MIAS, MRAS, neural nets or fuzzy control, a completely model based control system using an inner bending wave control and an outer speed control including a torque calculator for linearization has been presented. The paper deals with investigations and improvements of this torque calculator. The setpoint adjustment is focused to utilize the degrees of freedom for the bending wave values, which represents an additional potential for optimization of the performance of the drive system. Theoretical and experimental results confirm the advances.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics}}, pages = {{504 -- 509}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Improved setpoint adjustment for ultrasonic motors}}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{4071, abstract = {{Several types of piezoelectric motors are known to deliver few watts of mechanical output power.This paper deals with the design and development of a LLCC-resonant converter for a novel type ofhigh power piezoelectric motor of up to 4kW mechanical power being used in avionics. The devel-opment of a laboratory power supply became necessary, since suitable power supplies for testingthe novel piezoelectric motor during its breadboard stage are not available on the market. The gen-eral function of the LLCC-resonant converter which also provides a DC-offset voltage for avoidingdepolarisation problems is described, implementation highlights are outlined and the weight distri-bution is discussed with respect to future development of power converters for avionics.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert and Njiende, H. D.}}, booktitle = {{MAGELEC 2001}}, location = {{Toulouse, France}}, title = {{{Development of Power Converter for High Power Piezoelectric Motors.}}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{4073, abstract = {{Several types of piezoelectric motors are known to deliver few watts of mechanical output power.This paper deals with the design and development of a LLCC-resonant converter for a novel type ofhigh power piezoelectric motor of up to 4kW mechanical power being used in avionics. The devel-opment of a laboratory power supply became necessary, since suitable power supplies for testingthe novel piezoelectric motor during its breadboard stage are not available on the market. The gen-eral function of the LLCC-resonant converter which also provides a DC-offset voltage for avoidingdepolarisation problems is described, implementation highlights are outlined and the weight distri-bution is discussed with respect to future development of power converters for avionics.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, location = {{Perth, Australia}}, pages = {{507 -- 512}}, title = {{{Development of Power Converter for High Power Piezoelectric Motors.}}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{4075, abstract = {{Speed control strategies for piezoelectric driveshave been presented by several authors. Beside various con-trol strategies based on adaptive structures like MIAS,MRAS, neural nets or Fuzzy control, a completely modelbased control system using an inner bending wave controland an outer speed control including a torque calculator for linearization has been presented. This paper deals with investigations and improvements of this torque calculator. The setpoint adjustment is focused toutilize the degrees of freedom for the bending wave values, which represents an additional potential for optimization of the performance of the drive system. Theoretical and experi-mental results confirm the advances.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, location = {{Como, Italy}}, pages = {{504 -- 509}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Improved Setpoint Adjustment for Ultrasonic Motors.}}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{4077, abstract = {{A complete model-based control for traveling-wave-type ultrasonic motors is presented. The control scheme consists of inner control loops with respect to the oscillation systems, offering all meaningful degrees of freedom for adjusting the traveling bending wave, and outer control loops for torque and speed. After a brief review on modeling the actuator and presentation of a parameter identification method, the control scheme is developed and verified by measurements on a prototype drive system, several measures for the compensation of nonlinearities and temperature effects are developed, and achieved improvements are discussed with respect to the special properties of this novel actuator. Finally, the developed drive is applied to an "active control stick"}}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, booktitle = {{IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics}}, pages = {{165 -- 180}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Model-based control for ultrasonic motors}}}, year = {{2000}}, } @inproceedings{4078, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Grotstollen, Horst and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, booktitle = {{Conference Proceedings - ACTUATOR 2000}}, location = {{Bremen}}, pages = {{367 -- 370}}, title = {{{Control for Ultrasonic Motors with LLCC-Resonant Converter.}}}, year = {{2000}}, } @inproceedings{4080, abstract = {{A novel speed control for traveling wave type ultrasonic motors is presented and verified by measurements on a prototype drive, Based on an underlying bending wave control the nonlinear torque generation of the USM is compensated by an inverse contact model calculating the reference values of bending wave control under consideration of an optimized set point adjustment. For this task a basis function neural network is applied. By compensation of the nonlinearity the command behavior of the USM approaches that of conventional drives and proven speed control schemes can be implemented as further control loop, The novel speed control investigated offers excellent dynamic responses and is thus attractive for applications in the field of high performance servo systems.}}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas}}, pages = {{91 -- 96}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{4081, abstract = {{This paper gives a review of research activities at the Institute for Power Electronics and ElectricalDrives in Paderborn to the control of rotary travelling wave type ultrasonic motors. Based on a special designedhardware environment an advanced control scheme for inverter-fed travelling wave type ultrasonic motors is pre-sented. After several modelling steps, including an averaged model for the controller design, a speed control schemeis implemented on a prototype drive. It is realized as an outer control loop of an underlaid voltage and travellingbending wave vector controller. The novel speed control is using an inverse contact model by a neural network, inorder to compensate the nonlinear torque generation of the motor. The so equipped ultrasonic motor-drive meetsrequirements for applications in the field of servo-drives e.g. robotics. Since the reference values of the bendingwave control are calculated from the desired torque value by the neural network, open loop control of the drive´s torque is feasible, too. }}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas and Grotstollen, H. and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, location = {{Paderborn}}, pages = {{129 -- 143}}, title = {{{Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors.}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{4083, abstract = {{An Active Control Stick (ACS) realized by a travelling wave type ultrasonic motor(USM) is presented. In contrast to the conventional side stick in modern aircrafts, which is onlyoperated by a passive mechanic feedback, forces can be reproduced artificially by an active con-trol stick. Ultrasonic motors are more compact as conventional electrical geared motors andcombine features such as high driving torque at low rotational speed and low noise in operationand low electromagnetic emission. In this paper a control schemes for an active control stickusing a rotary travelling wave type USM is presented which is already implemented and suc-cessfully tested for an one axis prototype version of an ACS within a cooperative project of theDepartment Research and Technology of the DaimlerChrysler AG in Frankfurt, SFIM Indus-tries and the Institute of Power Electronics and Electrical Drive of the University of Paderborn.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Grotstollen, H. and Schöner, H.-P. and Audren, J.-T.}}, booktitle = {{Proc. of 3rd Int. Symposium on advanced Electromechanical Motion Systems (EM'99) ; 1}}, location = {{Patras, Greece}}, pages = {{583 -- 588}}, title = {{{Active Control Stick Driven by a Piezo Electric Motor}}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{1999}}, } @book{4210, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, isbn = {{3-89720-376-6}}, pages = {{117}}, publisher = {{Papierflieger Verl.}}, title = {{{Eigenschaften von Netzpulsstromrichtern mit eingeprägter Gleichspannung}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{4085, abstract = {{This paper deals with an advanced speed control scheme for inverter-fed travelling waveultrasonic motors. It is implemented as an additional outer control loop of an underlaid voltage andtravelling bending wave vector controller and verified by measurements on a prototype drive. Thenovel speed control is using an inverse contact model by a neural network, trained by measured valuesof speed and torque, in order to compensate the nonlinear torque generation of the motor. Since thereference values of the bending wave control are calculated from the desired torque value by the neu-ral network, first an open loop control of the drive ́s torque is feasible and second common speed con-trol schemes, well performing in common electrical drives, can be applied. Thus, the so equippedultrasonic motor-drive meets requirements for applications in the field of servo-drives e.g. robotics. }}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas and Grotstollen, H.}}, location = {{Harrogate (UK)}}, pages = {{701 -- 708}}, title = {{{Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications}}}, year = {{1998}}, } @inproceedings{4087, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen and Grotstollen, Horst}}, booktitle = {{ACTUATOR 98}}, location = {{Bremen}}, pages = {{262-- 265}}, title = {{{High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network}}}, year = {{1998}}, } @inproceedings{3999, abstract = {{An optimized control scheme for the most advanced traveling wave type ultrasonic motor powered by a resonant power converter is presented and verified by measurements on a prototype drive. Basing on an averaged drive model, which reflects the slow dynamic behavior of the drive's ultrasonic oscillations by time varying fundamental Fourier coefficients, a cascaded two-phase vector control scheme is designed. The novel drive control divides into an inner voltage and outer bending wave control compensating couplings and suppressing the beat characteristics. Since an amplitude modulation is applied instead of frequency modulation, the well known pull out phenomenon is eliminated in general. By means of an online frequency adaptation to the stator's resonance, the drive's performance is optimized remarkably.}}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas and Grotstollen, H.}}, booktitle = {{IAS '97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting}}, isbn = {{0-7803-4067-1}}, location = {{New Orleans, LA, USA}}, pages = {{690 -- 698}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors}}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{1997}}, }