@misc{13338, abstract = {{This work discusses the additive manufacturing of an axicon lens using cyclic olefin copolymer (TOPAS), and its characterization between 100 GHz and 300 GHz. The proposed manufacturing process followed by dip-coating post-processing provides an improved surface finish. Additionally, the terahertz output of the lens remains intact over the entire frequency range.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Joshi, Suraj and Vogel, Lea and Starsaja, Annamarija and Stübbe, Oliver and Preu, Sascha}}, booktitle = {{2025 50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)}}, keywords = {{Manufacturing processes, Surface waves, Three-dimensional printing, Surface finishing, Surface treatment, Lenses}}, location = {{ Helsinki, Finland }}, pages = {{2}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Terahertz Axicon Lenses}}}, doi = {{10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319870}}, year = {{2026}}, } @misc{13339, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) paves the way for low-cost production of optical and terahertz (THz) components such as waveguides, fibers, and lenses [1]–[3]. This work addresses the fabrication and THz characterization of a 3D-printed waveguide composed of cyclic olefin copolymer (TOPAS). Such a waveguide is a convenient and inexpensive tool in the development of THz interconnects, and in applications such as biomedical sensing.}}, author = {{Joshi, Suraj and Starsaja, Annamarija and Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Stübbe, Oliver and Preu, Sascha}}, booktitle = {{2025 50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)}}, keywords = {{Optical fibers, Optical fiber sensors, Optical interconnections, Biomedical optical imaging, Optical device fabrication, Production, Optical waveguide components, Three-dimensional printing, Optical waveguides, Lenses}}, location = {{Helsinki, Finland }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Additively-Manufactured Terahertz Waveguides}}}, doi = {{10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11320095}}, year = {{2026}}, } @unpublished{13346, abstract = {{This article discusses the additive manufacturing and post-processing of axicons, and their performance evaluation using attenuation and near-field-measurements based fundamental techniques. The axicons are manufactured using the materials cyclic olefin copolymer (TOPAS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), for their respective use in terahertz and near-infrared applications. An emphasis is placed on the dip-coating-based post-processing. Interval dipping and intermittent hardening lead to excellent surface finish and transparency in case of additively-manufactured near-infrared axicons. The dip-coated samples exhibit surface roughness of sub 10nm, and a uniformly distributed thin layer coating over the axicon surface. In addition to the improved surface finish and transparency, the coatings are also closely matched in refractive index to the axicon material. Such post-processed axicons pave the way for rapid-prototyping and production.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Starsaja, Annamarija and Joshi, Suraj and Preu, Sascha and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{Optica Open}}, issn = {{2334-2536 }}, keywords = {{additive manufacturing, stereolithography, dip-coating, post-processing}}, pages = {{5}}, publisher = {{Optica Publishing Group}}, title = {{{Multispectral characterization of additively manufactured and dip-coated axicons}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaopen.31149016}}, year = {{2026}}, } @unpublished{13363, abstract = {{This article discusses the additive manufacturing and post-processing of axicons, and their performance evaluation using attenuation and near-field-measurements based fundamental techniques. The axicons are manufactured using the materials cyclic olefin copolymer (TOPAS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), for their respective use in terahertz and near-infrared applications. An emphasis is placed on the dip-coating-based post-processing. Interval dipping and intermittent hardening lead to excellent surface finish and transparency in case of additively-manufactured near-infrared axicons. The dip-coated samples exhibit surface roughness of sub 10 nm, and a uniformly distributed thin layer coating over the axicon surface. In addition to the improved surface finish and transparency, the coatings are also closely matched in refractive index to the axicon material. Such post-processed axicons pave the way for rapid-prototyping and production.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Starsaja, Annamarija and Joshi, Suraj and Preu, Sascha and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{Photonics: Open Access Journal}}, issn = {{2304-6732 }}, keywords = {{additive manufacturing, stereolithography, dip-coating, post-processing}}, pages = {{15}}, publisher = {{MDPI }}, title = {{{Multispectral Characterization of Additively Manufactured and Dip-Coated Axicons}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202602.0389.v1}}, year = {{2026}}, } @misc{13495, abstract = {{The use of additive manufacturing for rapid prototyping of near-infrared and terahertz components provides seamless and error-free production. This article discusses the additive manufacturing and post-processing of axicons and their performance evaluation using attenuation and near-field-measurements based fundamental techniques. The axicons are manufactured using the materials cyclic olefin copolymer (TOPAS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), for their respective use in terahertz and near-infrared applications. The optical and terahertz components manufactured using traditional 3D-printing processes, e.g., fused filament fabrication or stereolithography apparatus exhibit high surface roughness in the range of 15 ± 2.5 µm, resulting in undesired propagation and scattering in the near infrared wavelengths. This research work proposes an economical post-processing technique for additively manufactured terahertz and near-infrared axicons for applications in multispectral characterization, e.g., bio-sensing. The authors used an enhanced method of dip-coating, which involves interval dipping and intermittent hardening to achieve better surface finish. An emphasis is placed on interval dipping and intermittent hardening, which lead to excellent transparency in case of additively-manufactured near-infrared axicons. The dip-coated samples exhibit surface roughness below 10 nm. With the use of heated resin material as the coating layer, due to reduced viscosity, the resin material distributes uniformly over the surface of the 3D-printed terahertz and near-infrared axicons. The authors also observed that the DOF length deviation between unprocessed and enhanced dip-coated axicons remains within the measurement error estimation from analytical calculations. In addition to the improved surface finish and transparency, the coatings are also closely matched in refractive index to the axicon material. Such post-processed axicons pave the way for producing a wide array of systems in the fields of communication, imaging, and bio-sensing.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Starsaja, Annamarija and Joshi, Suraj and Preu, Sascha and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{Photonics}}, issn = {{2304-6732}}, keywords = {{additive manufacturing, stereolithography, dip-coating, post-processing}}, number = {{3}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Multispectral Characterization of Additively Manufactured and Dip-Coated Axicons}}}, doi = {{10.3390/photonics13030264}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2026}}, } @misc{13481, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D-printing, provides a cost-effective approach for manufacturing of prototypes. The authors illustrate material analysis of suitable 3D-printable materials that can be used to manufacture THz components and investigate and provide solutions to challenges occurring during the 3D printing process. Samples in this study are 3D-printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF) based 3D-printers Ultimaker S5 and Bambu Lab X1E. We investigate a total of six materials: High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (TOPAS), Polypropylene (PP), Polycarbonate (PC) and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE/ Teflon). We observed that the Teflon material contains PC as material dopant to reduce the melting temperature. The authors observed warping of the 3D-structure due to the poor adhesion of material on the print-bed. An adhesive fluid or adhesive sheet applied on the print-bed before 3D-printing provides proper adhesion. Air gaps formed between the adjacent layers during the 3D-printing results into incorrect evaluations. The 3D-printing setting of material flow ratio above 100% ensures the filling of air gaps created due to layer-by-layer manufacturing. Moreover, the direction of nozzle movement also helps in achieving uniformity in 3D-printed sample. A minimal layer height of 100 µm for the 3D-printing of all the materials provides promising adhesion and better finish. Some materials e.g., PP, PC, TOPAS capture humidity, therefore the authors used specialized chambers to maintain low humidity during the whole 3D-printing process. Fan speed, low surrounding temperature contribute in blocking of the nozzles or premature cooling of the samples; therefore, it is necessary to maintain the temperature during 3D-printing. We investigated these samples using THz-TDS setup to find the most suitable material for AM of THz-components. The results reveal that the absorption coefficient of TOPAS is the least (α < 0.5 per cm at 0.4 THz) among all the investigated materials. Therefore, with the help of material analysis of 3D-printable materials for manufacturing of THz-components, the authors introduce fundamental research results for the future developments in the field of 3D-printing of THz components. [1] A. Shrotri, A. K. Mukherjee et. al.: Additive manufacturing and characterization of hollow core metal and topas waveguides for Terahertz sensor systems, 2023 IRMMW-THz, Montreal, QC, Canada, doi: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299134. [2] A. Shrotri, S. Joshi et. al.: THz-Characterization of Inkjet Printable Polymers,2025 French-German THz Conference, Siegen, Germany, 2025 [3] A. Shrotri, A. K. Mukherjee, et. al.: THz-Characterization of Additively Manufactured Spiral Shaped Waveguides, 2023 IEEE APCAP, Guangzhou, China, 2023, pp. 1-2, doi: 10.1109/APCAP59480.2023.10469842 [4] S. Joshi, A. Starsaja, et. al.: Additively Manufactured Terahertz Waveguides, 2025 50th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), Helsinki, Finland, 2025, pp. 1-2, doi: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz61557.2025.11320095 [5] A. Shrotri, S. Joshi, et. al.: Terahertz Axicon Lenses, 2025 50th IRMMW-THz, Helsinki, Finland, 2025, pp. 1-2, doi: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz61557.2025.11319870 }}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Starsaja, Annamarija and Joshi, Suraj and Rushd Faridi, Fahd and Stübbe, Oliver and Preu, Sascha }}, location = {{Kaiserslautern}}, title = {{{Overcoming Material and Process Challenges in 3D-printed Terahertz Components}}}, doi = {{10.13140/RG.2.2.28438.72002}}, year = {{2026}}, } @misc{12424, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing of optical, electrical, and mechanical components is a beneficial approach for the rapid prototyping of components and error elimination, with short turnaround times. However, additively manufactured components usually have rough surfaces that need post-processing, particularly for optical components, where the surface roughness must be a small fraction of the wavelength. We demonstrate an innovative and economical approach by dip-coating with the same resin used for printing in a simple post-processing step, providing high transparency to the 3D-printed optical components and reducing surface roughness while achieving perfect index matching of the coating layer. The surface roughness of the 3D-printed optical components drops to 5 nm (arithmetic average) after the dip-coating process. We observed significant performance enhancements after comparing the unprocessed optical components and the dip-coated optical components, including optical transparency and a shiny surface finish for previously rough surfaces.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Preu, Sascha and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{Coatings : open access journal}}, issn = {{2079-6412}}, keywords = {{additive manufacturing, post-processing, optics, dip-coating}}, number = {{2}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Achieving Transparency and Minimizing Losses of Rough Additively Manufactured Optical Components by a Dip-Coating Surface Finish}}}, doi = {{10.3390/coatings15020210}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{13022, abstract = {{Numerous single-track railway lines are currently disused due to economic factors. These lines could potentially be reactivated by small vehicles that utilise only a single rail, enabling bidirectional operation simultaneously. The MONOCAB is such a compact monorail vehicle, stabilised by a system of control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) and a laterally movable, controllable trim mass. Despite their potential, there is currently a lack of comparative references for MONOCABs in relation to other vehicles. In the context of mechanical design and construction, interdependencies with roll stabilisation occur. Of particular concern are torsional effects, which can significantly impact stability. This study investigates the structural dynamics of monorail vehicles with a focus on the influence of gyroscopes. Gyroscopic systems play a significant role in the behaviour of such vehicles, affecting stability, control and response to external disturbances. Through a comprehensive approach encompassing analytical modelling, numerical simulations, and experimental validation, the interactions between the vehicle's structure and gyroscopic components are explored. The analytical considerations are validated via experimentally derived frequency responses utilising a full-scale monorail vehicle. The results of this study have implications for various fields, such as transportation, robotics and aerospace engineering.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{Vehicle system dynamics : international journal of vehicle mechanics and mobility}}, issn = {{1744-5159}}, keywords = {{Vehicle dynamics, rail vehicle, control moment gyroscope, stabilisation control, motion control, stability analysis}}, publisher = {{Taylor & Francis}}, title = {{{Gyroscopic effects in the structural dynamics of monorail vehicles}}}, doi = {{10.1080/00423114.2025.2480820}}, volume = {{63}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{13025, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) of terahertz (THz) components is a cost-effective and efficient method of rapid prototyping. This work discusses the THz characterization of AM-compatible polymers to evaluate their potential use in the fabrication of THz components. The materials under investigation are primarily used in the inkjet 3D-printing (IP) process, and are compared with other AM-compatible materials [1]. The authors analyzed heat resistant AR-H1 material, transparent AR-M2 material and flexible silicon elastomer material. After the THz time domain spectroscopy of these materials, it can be deduced that the materials AR-M2 and AR-H1 can be used in manufacturing of THz components, with the benefit of a superior printing resolution of 50 µm. [1] A. Shrotri, A. K. Mukherjee, S. Lohöfener, A. Springer, O. Stübbe and S. Preu, "Additive manufacturing and characterization of hollow core metal and topas waveguides for Terahertz sensor systems," 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), Montreal, QC, Canada, 2023, pp. 1-2, doi: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299134.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Joshi, Suraj and Rushd Faridi, Fahd and Stübbe, Oliver and Preu, Sascha}}, location = {{Siegen}}, title = {{{THz Characterization of Inkjet Printable Polymers}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @unpublished{13029, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing of optical, electrical and mechanical components is a beneficial approach for rapid prototyping of components and error elimination with short turn around times. However, additively manufactured components usually have rough surfaces which need post-processing, in particular for optical components where the surface roughness must be a small fraction of the wavelength. We demonstrate an innovative and economical approach by dip-coating with the same resin as used for printing, providing high transparency of the 3D-printed optical components and reduced surface roughness with perfect index matching of the coating layer in a simple post processing step. The surface roughness of the 3D-printed optical components drops to 5 nm (arithmetic average) after the dip-coating process. We observed significant performance enhancement after comparing the unprocessed optical components and dip-coated optical components, including achieving optical transparency and shiny surface finish of previously rough surfaces.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Preu, Sascha and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{Coatings : open access journal}}, keywords = {{additive manufacturing, post-processing, optics, dip-coating}}, pages = {{10}}, publisher = {{MDPI}}, title = {{{Achieving Transparency and Minimizing Loss of Rough Additively Manufactured Optical Components by a Dip-Coating Surface Finish}}}, doi = {{10.20944/preprints202501.1899.v1}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{13156, author = {{Steinkuhl, Anika}}, location = {{Kiel}}, title = {{{Strukturelle Hemmnisse für die Nutzung des digitalen Gebäuderessourcenpasses}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{13171, author = {{Lammersen, Maximilian and Rasche, Rainer}}, location = {{Höxter}}, title = {{{NachLadBaR - Nachhaltige Ladeelektronik: Digitaler Produktpass für Reuse und Recycling}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{13367, abstract = {{Dieses Paper beschreibt ein plug-and-play-fähiges Setup, mit dem verschiedene Formate von Lehrvideos einfach und effizient erstellt werden können. Zunächst werden die grundlegenden Anforderungen an das System formuliert und daraus zentrale Eigenschaften abgeleitet. Anschließend wird der Systemaufbau herstellerunabhängig erläutert, bevor konkrete, in der Praxis getestete Hardwarekomponenten vorgestellt werden. Ziel ist es, eine flexible und sofort einsetzbare Lösung bereitzustellen, die sich leicht in bestehende Lehrformate integrieren lässt.}}, author = {{Üpping, Johannes}}, keywords = {{Lehrvideos, Plug & Play, Inverted Claasroom}}, pages = {{10}}, publisher = {{Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen Lippe}}, title = {{{Plug-and-Play-Videoproduktion für Lehrvideos}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.25644/z919-7471}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{11229, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing enables direct prototyping of complex 3D-objects that are difficult to manufacture using conventional methods. It is widely used to fabricate cost-efficient prototypes and portrays as a bridging technology to connect different scientific and industrial fields, e.g. Engineering, Medicine, etc. Consequently, additive manufacturing finds its applications in the production of patient-specific orthoses. This paper discusses the application of the stereolithography apparatus process to develop a pressure sensor based on an optical waveguide principle to embed into a below-knee orthosis. For Orthopaedic patients, the below-knee orthosis must be adjusted to the lower leg at regular intervals due to anthropometric changes in patient’s body to achieve proper mobility and correct load. Currently, this alteration relies on the patient’s estimation of support load and is only sub-optimal. Hence, the concept of developing an intelligent orthosis with a novel embedded optical system to monitor the exact support load at the neuralgic is proposed. }}, author = {{Shahane, Akshay Manoj and Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Wittenbröker, Christian and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{Laser 3D Manufacturing XI}}, editor = {{Gu, Bo and Chen, Hongqiang}}, location = {{San Francisco, California, United States}}, publisher = {{SPIE}}, title = {{{Additively manufactured pressure sensor for embedding in 3D-printed below-knee orthosis}}}, doi = {{10.1117/12.2692220}}, volume = {{12876}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11286, abstract = {{This paper provides insight of additive manufacturing of spiral shaped waveguides using suitable low loss polymer materials and their THz characterization for the frequency range of 0.1 THz to 0.6 THz. The spiral shaped waveguides are evaluated for material losses as well as in-and outcoupling losses with respect to the increasing length of the waveguides.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Mukherjee, Amlan k. and Stübbe, Oliver and Preu, Sascha}}, booktitle = {{2023 IEEE 11th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP)}}, isbn = {{979-8-3503-2627-7}}, location = {{Guangzhou, China }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{THz-Characterization of Additively Manufactured Spiral Shaped Waveguides}}}, doi = {{10.1109/apcap59480.2023.10469842}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11429, author = {{Lammersen, Maximilian and Lahl, Joscha and Rasche, Rainer}}, location = {{Darmstadt}}, title = {{{Digitale Lebenslaufakte mit Distributed Ledger Technologie}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11594, abstract = {{This paper proposes an innovative approach of manufacturing optical fibers using nozzle-mask-aided additive manufacturing. Nozzle-masks ease 3D-printing of optical fibers allowing the manufacturing or drawing of optical fibers of up to 10 μm diameter. These nozzle-masks feature a suction mechanism to prevent clogging of printhead and mask. The extrusion of Polymethyl-methacrylate material through the print-head and nozzle-mask simplifies the rapid prototyping of the optical fibers. }}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Wittenbröker, Christian and Preu, Sascha and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic Manufacturing IV}}, editor = {{von Freymann, Georg and Herkommer, Alois M. and Flury, Manuel}}, isbn = {{9781510673083}}, issn = {{1996-756X }}, location = {{Strasbourg}}, pages = {{12995 0A}}, publisher = {{SPIE}}, title = {{{Design and simulation of a nozzle-mask for optical fiber 3D-printing}}}, doi = {{10.1117/12.3017000}}, volume = {{12995}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11595, abstract = {{The ability to manufacture complex 3D-objects directly from its CAD model is the important reason why additive manufacturing is being widely used to fabricate cost-efficient prototypes and preferred over conventional manufacturing methods. Moreover, it portrays as a bridging technology to connect different scientific and industrial fields, e.g. Engineering, Medicine, etc. Consequently, additive manufacturing finds its applications in the production of patient-specific orthoses. This paper discusses the development of a pressure sensor based on an optical waveguide principle manufactured using stereolithography apparatus process to embed into a below-knee orthosis. For Orthopedic patients, the below-knee orthosis must be adjusted to the lower leg at regular intervals due to anthropometric changes in patient’s body to achieve proper mobility and correct load. Currently, this alteration relies on the patient’s estimation of support load which is only sub-optimal. Hence, the concept of developing an intelligent orthosis with a novel embedded optical system to monitor the exact support load at the neuralgic is proposed.}}, author = {{Shahane, Akshay Manoj and Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Wittenbröker, Christian and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic Manufacturing IV}}, editor = {{von Freymann, Georg and Herkommer, Alois M. and Flury, Manuel}}, isbn = {{9781510673083}}, issn = {{1996-756X}}, location = {{Strasbourg}}, publisher = {{SPIE}}, title = {{{Manufacturing of solid core optical waveguide based pressure sensor for 3D-printed below-knee orthosis}}}, doi = {{10.1117/12.3016629}}, volume = {{12995}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11807, author = {{Klepp, Georg Heinrich}}, booktitle = {{Kraftstoffe Für Die Mobilität Von Morgen : 6. Tagung der Fuels Joint Research Group Am 13. und 14. Juni 2024 in Berlin}}, editor = {{Munack, Axel and Krahl, Jürgen and Bünger, Jürgen and Eilts, Peter}}, location = {{Berlin}}, pages = {{103--109}}, publisher = {{Cuvillier Verlag}}, title = {{{Digitaler Kraftstoffzwilling}}}, volume = {{35}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11811, author = {{Klepp, Georg Heinrich}}, location = {{Bamberg}}, title = {{{Kopplung von CFD mit datengetriebenen Modellen: Sorption von Wasserstoff}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11934, abstract = {{The application of hydrogen in order to store energy and as a vehicle fuel requires efficient and effective storage technologies. An alternative solution to cryogenic and high pressure tanks is the use of porous material and physisorption (carbons, metal organic frameworks) or chemisorption (hydrides) in the tank. Due to the heat of sorption the temperature and its distribution in the tank might vary significantly during charging and discharging, affecting the storage capacity. The flow of the hydrogen in the tank is described by the equation of mass conservation, the Navier-Stokes equations and the equation of energy conservation as implemented in a CFD code. In the conservation equation additional terms are implemented in order to account for the amount of hydrogen involved in the sorption and the corresponding heat of sorption. These result from the mass and energy balance for the hydrogen in a finite volume whereat the equilibrium is described by an appropriate sorption isotherm. The use of data driven models is often computationally more advantageous then physical models. Based on the physical adsorption model a data driven model is derived using different machine learning techniques. This model is implemented as source terms in the governing equations, leading to a computationally more advantageous formulation. Thus the distribution of temperature and concentration during charging and discharging of the tanks is computed and limiting phenomena are identified.}}, author = {{Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Filippi, Markus and Langer, Guido}}, booktitle = {{ Advances in Computational Heat and Mass Transfer : Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computational Heat and Mass Transfer (ICCHMT 2023), 4-8 September, 2023, Düsseldorf, Germany, Volume 1 }}, editor = {{Benin, Ali Cemal and Bennacer, Rachid and Mohamad, Abdulmajeed A. and Ocłoń, Paweł and Suh, Sang-Ho and Taler, Jan }}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, pages = {{480 -- 488}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Charging and Discharging of Hydrogen Sorption Tanks}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-031-67241-5_43}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11977, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing of lenses offers quick prototyping and characterization. This paper explains the additive manufacturing and characterization of axicon lenses using TOPAS material for Terahertz sensing applications. The beam patterns of additively manufactured axicon lens prototypes are characterized around 0.3 THz with silicon-based THz-camera to evaluate the depth of focus.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Krause, Benedikt and Stübbe, Oliver and Pfeiffer, Ullrich and Preu, Sascha}}, booktitle = {{2024 49th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)}}, issn = {{2162-2035}}, keywords = {{Additives, Prototypes, Three-dimensional printing, Sensors, Lenses}}, location = {{Perth, Australia }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Axicon Lenses Using a THz-Camera}}}, doi = {{10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697740}}, volume = {{2024}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11985, abstract = {{ Die vorliegende Offenbarung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Temperaturprognose und/oder Wärmebedarfsprognose eines Gebäudes, umfassend Bereitstellen einer gemessenen Innentemperatur in dem Gebäude; Bereitstellen einer Außentemperatur in Umgebung des Gebäudes; Bereitstellen einer in das Gebäude eingebrachten Wärmemenge; Bereitstellen eines thermischen Modells des Gebäudes, wobei das thermische Modell die folgenden drei Modellparameter aufweist: einen Wärmewiderstand für einen Wärmeübergang von innerhalb des Gebäudes nach außerhalb des Gebäudes; einen Koeffizienten zur Beschreibung eines solaren Wärmeeintrags, und eine Wärmespeicherkapazität des Gebäudes. Das Verfahren umfasst einen Schritt des Anpassens der Modellparameter des thermischen Modells, derart, dass das thermische Modell den Zusammenhang zwischen Innentemperatur, Außentemperatur und Wärmemenge approximiert. }}, author = {{Bast, Oliver and Bollhöfer, Fynn Christian and Franzen, Lion and Knoop, Michael and Üpping, Johannes}}, pages = {{29}}, title = {{{Verfahren zur Temperaturprognose und/oder Wärmebedarfsprognose eines Gebäudes und Wärmepumpe}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12008, author = {{Cepin, Simon and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2024; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-6262-0}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{PP010}}, publisher = {{VDE}}, title = {{{Integration of CFD Simulation Results in PLECS Using Lookup Tables}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12032, abstract = {{As DC grids become more widespread in industry, the demand for DC industry-compliant power supplies is increasing. This paper describes the design and analysis of a SiC-based Active-Front-End with a switching frequency of 100 kHz and an output power of 50 kW. The focus of this Active-Front-End is on the small input inductance (uk=0,6%), which has been deliberately reduced in order to reduce package size. For a small inductance a high switching frequency and a fast and precise current measurement are basic requirements. The increase of the switching frequency reduces the size of the whole filter.}}, author = {{Otte, Raphael and Koch, Jan-Niklas and Borcherding, Holger and Stuckmann, Tim}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe : International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 11-13 June 2024, Nuremberg}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-6262-0}}, keywords = {{DC-Industry, DC-Grids, AIC, AFE, Active-Infeed-Converter, Active-Front-End}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{3402}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Design and Analysis of a 50kW SiC-based Active-Front-End with a very small line choke for DC-Grids}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12284, abstract = {{Due to the increasingly widespread use of efficient power electronics, DC grids offer more and more advantages over AC grids. In the field of energy supply the use of DC technology is also growing and is state of the art in offshore, high-voltage, vehicle and data center applications. The spread of industrial open DC grids is currently starting and is completely different due to the requirements and the specifics of certain industrial applications such as conductor systems, e.g. monorail conveyer or rack feeder systems. This paper investigates multi feed in operation in industrial DC conductor systems, especially for transitions between loaded and load free conductor segments. For this purpose, a test bench consisting of two conductor segments is developed. Each segment is individually fed by an infeed converter. The transitions between segments will be analyzed regarding control behavior and stability.}}, author = {{Koch, Jan-Niklas and Otte, Raphael and Stuckmann, Tim and Warkentin, Slavi and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2024 International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}}, isbn = {{ 978-3-8007-6262-0}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{PP194}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Investigation of Load Transitions Between Loaded and Load Free Conductor Segments in Industrial Conductor Systems}}}, doi = {{10.30420/566262317}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{13224, abstract = {{This paper presents a robust methodology for optimizing CO2 emissions and electricity costs in industrial applications, with the aim of developing a flexible and dynamic energy management strategy that balances sustainability and cost-efficiency. Addressing the growing need for sustainable and economically viable energy solutions amidst the global urgency of climate change mitigation, the proposed approach is based on dynamic energy management techniques that minimize dependence on grid electricity, which can fluctuate between energy import and export. A flexible cost function is developed to simultaneously account for CO2 emissions and electricity prices, enabling a balance between environmental impact and operational costs. The optimization framework employs Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to derive the optimal energy management strategy, showcasing significant potential for reducing both CO2 emissions and electricity costs. Although the methodology is demonstrated in a specific industrial setting, its flexible design ensures applicability across various energy profiles and operational scenarios, making it relevant for a wide range of industrial applications.}}, author = {{Mousavi, Seyed Davood and Griese, Martin and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2024 International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering Researches (ICECER)}}, keywords = {{CO2 Reduction, Electricity Cost Minimization, Life Cycle Assessment, MILP, Smart-E-Factory, Dynamic Energy Management}}, location = {{Gaborone, Botswana }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Dynamic Optimization of CO2 Emissions and Electricity Costs in Smart Factories}}}, doi = {{10.1109/icecer62944.2024.10920418}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{11194, abstract = {{Additive Manufacturing (AM) hat die Entwicklung und die Herstellung von Produkten revolutioniert. Durch die Verwendung dieser Technologien ist es möglich kosteneffizient und anforderungsgerecht geringe Stückzahlen herzustellen. Unterschiedliche additive Herstellungstechnologien, wie beispielsweise Fused Layer Modeling (FLM), ermöglichen die Herstellung von Multimaterialkomponenten innerhalb eines Herstellungsschritts. Dies wird erreicht durch die simultane Verwendung von verschiedenen Materialien.Die beim FLM verwendeten Materialien können unterschiedliche Schmelztemperaturen aufweisen. Zudem existieren Materialien, die im Wellenlängenbereich typischer Sensor- und Kommunikationsanwendungen optisch transparent sind. Werden optisch transparente und nicht transparente Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Brechungsindices kombiniert, so ist es möglich lichtführende Strukturen herzustellen. Diese beinhalten alle Vorteile der additiven Herstellungsverfahren.Die lichtführenden Strukturen können in komplexe Komponenten und Systeme wie beispielsweise einem Greifer eines Industrieroboters eingebettet werden. Hier kann der Greifer simultan mit zusätzlicher Sensor- und Kommunikationstechnik gedruckt werden.In diesem Abstrakt werden erste Sensorkomponenten präsentiert. Diese sind mit dem FLM-Verfahren hergestellt worden und es werden Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Transmissionsverhalten verwendet. Zusätzlich werden erste Layout und Herstellungsrichtlinien zur Erstellung von lichtführenden Strukturen mit FLM vorgestellt.}}, author = {{Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef and Huxol, Andrea}}, booktitle = {{Rapid.Tech + FabCon 3.D – International Trade Show + Conference for Additive Manufacturing : Proceedings of the 15th Rapid.Tech Conference Erfurt, Germany, 5 – 7 June 2018 }}, editor = {{Kynast, Michael and Eichmann, Michael and Witt, Gerd }}, isbn = {{978-3-446-45811-6 }}, issn = {{978-3-446-45812-3}}, location = {{Erfurt}}, publisher = {{Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG}}, title = {{{3D gedruckte eingebettete lichtführende Strukturen für Sensor- und Kommunikationsanwendungen}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-446-45812-3_30}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{11305, abstract = {{Currently, numerous single-track railway lines are disused due to economic reasons. However, one way they could be reactivated for a bidirectional on-demand service traffic is by small vehicles that use only one rail. MONOCABs are such small cabin-like vehicles, stabilized by a system of control moment gyroscopes and a trim mass. They could make an important contribution to improve the mobility offer especially in rural areas. Regarding the MONOCAB, there is currently no reference in comparison with other vehicles. It is mandatory to gain experience before transferring such a new vehicle concept into commercial operation. To ensure the function and safety of the vehicle even before implementation, a model-based design of the system is carried out for development and analysis. In order to test the developed algorithms, this paper presents a Hardware-in-the-loop structure considering a detailed model of the vehicle and real electronic control units to accurately represent the overall system. This paper focuses on the driving system of the vehicle and investigates interdependencies with the performance of the electronic control units and communication networks.}}, author = {{Hanselle, Raphael and Griese, Martin and Rasche, Rainer and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)}}, editor = {{Jasperneite, Jürgen and Wisniewski, Lukasz and Man, Kim Fung}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-9314-7}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{HIL Simulation of the Positioning Control for an Automated Driving Monorail Vehicle}}}, doi = {{10.1109/indin51400.2023.10218259}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{11306, abstract = {{Currently, numerous single-track railway lines are disused due to economic reasons. However, one way they could be reactivated for a bidirectional on-demand service traffic by small vehicles that use only one rail. MONOCABs are such small cabin-like vehicles, stabilized by a system of control moment gyroscopes and a trim mass. They could make an important contribution to improve the mobility offer especially in rural areas. Regarding the MONOCAB, there is currently no reference in comparison with other vehicles. It is mandatory to gain experience before transferring such a new vehicle concept into commercial operation. Especially the safe and robust commissioning of the stabilization control system is crucial and therefore requires an elaborated procedure. At this step, parameters related to the vertical dynamics have to be determined beforehand. This paper presents a comparative investigation of methods to estimate the moment of inertia and gravitational torque constant. Multiple methods in time-domain and frequency-domain are experimentally evaluated and compared with each other. Experimental tests are carried out with a full-scale monorail vehicle.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Mousavi, Seyed Davood and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2023 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-7634-8}}, issn = {{2159-6255}}, keywords = {{Parameter identification, Vehicle dynamics, Control moment gyroscope, Roll stabilization, Monorail vehicles}}, location = {{Seattle, Wash.}}, pages = {{1196--1201}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Parameter identification related to vertical dynamic of a self-stabilizing monorail vehicle}}}, doi = {{10.1109/aim46323.2023.10196189}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{11428, abstract = {{Systems that place high demands on availability are typically modular in design. However, a modular design also offers potential for optimized operation under norma requirements. In this paper we present an approach to find optimal operating points from the characteristic fields of individual modules. Our approach consists of a two-step procedure. In the first stage, Pareto sets are calculated using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm. The second stage contains a heuristic that finds situationally optimal operating points using a defined operating strategy.}}, author = {{Lammersen, Maximilian and Rasche, Rainer}}, booktitle = {{Conference proceedings of Mecatronics & AISM 2023}}, keywords = {{modularity, optimization, PEBB, operating strategy, genetic algorithm, Pareto}}, location = {{Yokohama}}, publisher = {{*}}, title = {{{Optimized Operating Points for Power Electronic Building Blocks}}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{11496, author = {{Beckmann, Nils and Kühn, Pia Sophia and Langsch, Timon and Wiens, David and Wiens, Timon and Üpping, Johannes}}, booktitle = {{Lippische Landeszeitung (LZ)}}, title = {{{Technische Hochschule OWL gewinnt wichtige Erkenntnisse zum Lemgoer Stadtklima}}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{12007, abstract = {{In this paper a research process to verify thermal management for double-sided cooled SiC-power semiconductors will be discussed. In the context of previous researches a high performance cooling system for these semiconductors was developed. In many cases, prototypes of power semiconductors are used in research projects. This often leads to the fact that only small numbers are available or that they are not available right from the start. Close cooperation with semiconductor manufacturers, like Infineon Technologies AG in this case, within these projects offers the opportunity to get information about the internal structure of the semiconductors and their packages. This information, the use of special PCB manufacturing methods, as well as thermal simulation are used to build up a heat source that mimics the semiconductor including the package and thus gives us the opportunity to verify the performance of our thermal management for high integrated power electronics.}}, author = {{Cepin, Simon and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2023; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-6091-6}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, publisher = {{VDE}}, title = {{{Development of Heat Source for Performance Verification of Thermal Management for Double-Sided Cooled SiC-Power Semi-conductors}}}, doi = {{10.30420/566091341}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{10403, abstract = {{Due to the increasingly widespread use of efficient power electronics, DC grids today offer more and more advantages over AC grids. Based on comparative measurements, this paper shows that an efficiency increase through DC can be achieved even with little recuperation potential of an existing system. In addition, other advantages such as peak load reduction by -43 %, power quality improvement and reliability are documented.}}, author = {{Warkentin, Slavi and Puls, Simon and Riethmüller, Simon and Blank, Frederic and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2023 International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-6091-6}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{PP167}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Measured Advantages of a Production Plant with DC Grid in terms of Energy Efficiency, Peak Power Reduction and Power Quality}}}, doi = {{10.30420/566091273}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{10405, abstract = {{Due to the increasingly widespread use of efficient power electronics, DC grids today offer more and more advantages over AC grids. In the field of energy supply, the use of DC technology is also growing and is state of the art in offshore, high-voltage, vehicle and data center applications. The spread of industrial open DC grids is currently starting and is completely different due to the requirements. The DC links of each device are connected directly and the capacitors of individual devices shall not be overloaded. Especially not by ripple currents from other devices. The paper describes the easy use of a measuring box which evaluates and optically displays the load of electrolytic capacitors. No further measuring equipment is required. The simple, temporary integration into a grid makes it easy to check whether capacitors of individual devices are overloaded, and their lifetime is limited.}}, author = {{Koch, Jan-Niklas and Puls, Simon and Borcherding, Holger and Warkentin, Slavi}}, booktitle = {{ größer Mesago Messe Frankfurt GmbH, Stuttgart (Hrsg.) PCIM Europe 2023 International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{PP060}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Conceptual Design of a Portable Measuring Box for Monitoring Ripple Currents affecting the Lifetime of Electrolytic Capacitors in Industrial Open DC Grids}}}, doi = {{10.30420/566091166}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{10545, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing provides a lucrative alternative for manufacturing of functional prototypes. This paper emonstrates the manufacturing and characterization of hollow core waveguide prototypes with circular cross section using suitable metal and polymers for Terahertz sensing applications. These additively manufactured waveguide prototypes are characterized from 0.1 to 1.25 THz to evaluate the attenuation and coupling losses.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Mukherjee, Amlan kusum and Lohöfener, Sven and Springer, André and Stübbe, Oliver and Preu, Sascha}}, booktitle = {{IRMMW-THz 2023 : 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves : 17-22 September 2023, Montreal, Quebec, Canada}}, editor = {{Cooke, David G.}}, isbn = {{979-8-3503-3660-3}}, issn = {{2162-2035 }}, location = {{Montreal, Canada}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Additive manufacturing and characterization of hollow core metal and topas waveguides for Terahertz sensor systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299134}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{12888, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Stübbe, Oliver}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, title = {{{3D-gedruckte Metall- und Polymerwellenleiter für THz Sensoranwendungen}}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{7681, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Schneider, Daniel and Flatt, Holger and Stübbe, Oliver}}, publisher = {{Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft für Automatisierung und Mikroelektronik e.V. (DFAM)}}, title = {{{Visible Light in der Produktion (Abschlussbericht)}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{7844, abstract = {{The CMID (Coated Metal Interconnected Device) technology described here has its origins in MID (Moulded Intercon- nected Device) technology, which in itself is based on laser direct structuring (LDS). CMIDs are metallic base bodies coated with LDS-compatiblepowder, allowing conductor paths to be structured and metallised on the coating. The metallic base bodies enable the heat management to be optimised and allow power electronic topologies to be implemented in addition to control electronics. Furthermore, in the context of 3D electronics, miniaturisation can be advanced through the use of unused spaces and housing parts. This is shown by manufacturing techniques and demonstrators of motor integrated inverters.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Springer, André and Müller, Tobias and Ehlert, Patrick and Tolksdorf, Andreas}}, booktitle = {{ ETG-Fb. 165: CIPS 2022 : 12th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics Systems, Proceedings, March, 15 – 17, 2022, Berlin, Germany}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5757-2}}, location = {{Berlin}}, pages = {{500--507}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Integration of power electronic circuits using Coated Metal Interconnect Devices (CMID)}}}, volume = {{165}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{11307, abstract = {{Currently, numerous single-track railway lines are disused due to economic reasons. However, one way they could be reactivated for a bidirectional on-demand service traffic by small vehicles that use only one rail. MonoCabs are such small cabin-like vehicles, stabilized by a system of control moment gyroscopes and a trim mass. They could make an important contribution to improve the mobility offer especially in rural areas. Regarding the MonoCab, there is currently no reference in comparison with other vehicles and no experimental experience or the like. To ensure the function and safety of the vehicle even before implementation, a model-based design of the system is carried out for development and analysis. In order to test the developed algorithms, this paper presents a Hardware-in-the-loop structure considering a detailed model of the vehicle and real electronic control units to accurately represent the overall system. Two scenarios are investigated and compared to offline simulations showing that the functionality of the system can be ensured in operation.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Mousavi, Seyed Davood and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{IECON 2022 – 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-8026-0}}, location = {{Brussels, Belgium}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{HIL simulation of a self-stabilizing monorail vehicle}}}, doi = {{10.1109/iecon49645.2022.9968495}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{11817, author = {{Dörr, Sebastian and Schulte, Thomas and Dally, Benjamin}}, booktitle = {{Kraftstoffe für die Mobilität von morgen: 4. Tagung der Fuels Joint Research Group am 10. und 11. Juni 2021 in Dresden-Radebeul }}, editor = {{Bünger, Jürgen and Eilts, Peter and Krahl, Jürgen and Munack, Axel}}, isbn = {{978-3-7369-7440-1}}, location = {{Dresden-Radebeul}}, pages = {{32--40}}, publisher = {{Cuvillier Verlag}}, title = {{{Propulsion for sustainable mobility by the example of public transportation }}}, volume = {{30}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{11871, author = {{Dally, Benjamin and Schwickert, Susanne and Kühle, Sebastian and Oshkai, Irina and Engels, Christian and Kottmeier, Fabian and Schulte, Thomas and Üpping, Johannes}}, pages = {{243}}, publisher = {{TH OWL}}, title = {{{Mobilitätszentren der Zukunft : Leitfaden Multimodalhub}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8023, abstract = {{The effect of jet Reynolds number, jet exit angle, the nozzle to surface distance, jet to jet spacing on the heat transfer, and pressure force performance from multiple impinging round jets on a moving curved surface have been numerically evaluated. Two correlations are developed and validated for the average Nu number and the pressure force coefficient and the agreement between the CFD and correlations was reasonable. The surface motion effect becomes more pronounced on the Nu number distribution for low jet Re number, high jet to jet spacing, large jet to surface distance, and angled jets. The pressure force coefficient is highly dependent on the jet to surface distance and jet angle but relatively insensitive to jet Re number and jet to jet spacing. }}, author = {{Chitsazan, Ali and Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Glasmacher, Birgit}}, booktitle = {{Frontiers in heat and mass transfer : FHMT ; an international journal }}, issn = {{2151-8629}}, keywords = {{Angled jets, Heat transfer, Pressure force, Surface motion, Curvature, Correlation}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{Global Digital Centra}}, title = {{{CORRELATION DEVELOPMENT FOR JET IMPINGEMENT HEAT TRANSFER AND FORCE ON A MOVING CURVED SURFACE}}}, doi = {{10.5098/hmt.18.16}}, volume = {{18}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8024, abstract = {{For the optimization of the impinging round jet, the pressure force coefficient and drying energy consumption on the moving curved surface are set as the objective functions to be minimized simultaneously. SHERPA search algorithm is used to search for the optimal point from multiple objective tradeoff study (Pareto Front) method. It is found that the pressure force coefficient on the impingement surface is highly dependent on the jet to surface distance and jet angle, while the drying energy consumption is highly dependent on the jet to jet spacing. Generally, the best design study during the multi-objective optimization is found at the maximum jet to surface distance, jet to jet spacing and surface velocity, and also minimum inlet velocity and jet angle. }}, author = {{Chitsazan, Ali and Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Chitsazan, Mohammad Esmaeil and Glasmacher, Birgit}}, booktitle = {{Frontiers in heat and mass transfer : FHMT ; an international journal }}, issn = {{2151-8629}}, keywords = {{Multiple jets, Heat transfer, Pressure force, Energy consumption, Optimization}}, publisher = {{Global Digital Centra}}, title = {{{MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF DRYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND JET IMPINGEMENT FORCE ON A MOVING CURVED SURFACE}}}, doi = {{10.5098/hmt.18.17}}, volume = {{18}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8025, author = {{Chitsazan, Ali and Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Glasmacher, Birgit}}, booktitle = {{Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer}}, issn = {{2151-8629}}, publisher = {{Global Digital Centra}}, title = {{{NUMERICAL STUDY OF JET IMPINGEMENT FORCE AND HEAT TRANSFER ON A MOVING CURVED SURFACE}}}, doi = {{10.5098/hmt.18.15}}, volume = {{18}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8030, author = {{Klepp, Georg Heinrich}}, booktitle = {{Kraftstoffe für die Mobilität von morgen: 4. Tagung der Fuels Joint Research Group am 10. und 11. Juni 2021 in Dresden-Radebeul }}, editor = {{Bünger, Jürgen and Eilts, Peter and Krahl, Jürgen and Munack, Axel}}, isbn = {{978-3-7369-7440-1}}, location = {{Dresden-Radebeul}}, pages = {{54--62}}, publisher = {{Cuvillier Verlag}}, title = {{{Adsorptionsspeicher für die Kraftstoffe von Morgen}}}, volume = {{30}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8294, abstract = {{Der historische Baustoff Lehm erlebt seit einigen Jahren eine Renaissance. Er wird wieder vermehrt in Wohn- und Nichtwohngebäuden in Form von Putz, als Bauplatte oder als Wandbildner in Form von Stampflehm oder Lehmsteinen eingesetzt. Seine mechanischen, thermischen und hygrischen Eigenschaften werden dementsprechend vielfach untersucht, wohingegen die raumakustischen Eigenschaften von Lehmoberflächen vergleichsweise wenig betrachtet werden. Um zu den raumakustischen Eigenschaften von Lehmoberfläche zu weiteren Erkenntnissen zu kommen, wurden für diese Studie Messungen zur Ermittlung der frequenzabhängigen Schallabsorptionsgrade mittels Hallraum-Verfahren nach EN ISO 354 (2003-12 Akustik - Messung der Schallabsorption in Hallräumen) von Lehm-Oberflächen durchgeführt. Des Weiteren wurde eine Versuchsreihe mit Messungen mit dem Impendanzrohr nach DIN EN ISO 10534-2 (2001-10 Akustik - Bestimmung des Schallabsorptionsgrades und der Impedanz in Impedanzrohren, Teil 2: Verfahren mit Übertragungsfunktion) begonnen. }}, author = {{Blaschke, Kim Kristin and Schwickert, Susanne and Kob , Malte }}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband, DAGA 2022 - 48. Jahrestagung für Akustik : 21.-24. März 2022, Stuttgart und Online }}, editor = {{Leistner, Philip}}, isbn = {{978-3-939296-20-1 }}, location = {{Stuttgart}}, pages = {{766--769}}, publisher = {{Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. }}, title = {{{Raumakustische Eigenschaften von Lehmoberflächen }}}, year = {{2022}}, } @book{8406, abstract = {{Das Lehr- und Arbeitsbuch entspricht der Einführungsvorlesung der Elektrotechnik an Hochschulen und ist explizit für das Selbststudium konzipiert. Von den physikalischen Grundlagen, elektrotechnischen Grundbegriffen und elektromagnetischen Feldern bis hin zu Fourier-Reihen und transienten Vorgängen werden in 22 Kapiteln grundlegende und vertiefende Vorlesungsinhalte der Elektrotechnik wiedergegeben. Aufgaben, Lösungen und kleinere Zusammenfassungen am Ende jedes Kapitels unterstützen beim selbstständigen Lernen und Erarbeiten der Inhalte. Das Buch führt als Selbststudium leicht lesbar durch die Basis der Elektrotechnik. Das Lernen mit diesem Arbeitsbuch ist in einem Bachelor-Fernstudiengang Elektrotechnik erprobt.}}, author = {{Meier, Uwe and Stübbe, Oliver}}, isbn = {{978-3-658-33869-5}}, pages = {{642}}, publisher = {{Springer Vieweg}}, title = {{{Elektrotechnik zum Selbststudium - Grundlagen und Vertiefung}}}, doi = {{ 10.1007/978-3-658-33870-1}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8422, abstract = {{Im Bereich der industriellen Antriebstechnik sind herstellerspezifische, räumlich konzentrierte Gleichspannungs-Verbünde seit vielen Jahren Stand der Technik, jedoch existieren derzeit keine technischen Regeln um herstellerübergreifende DC-Netze aufbauen zu können. Eine wichtige Aufgabe ist es daher, für Hersteller von Geräten, Maschinen und Anlagen die Basis zu schaffen, um EMV analog zum Vorgehen bei AC-Niederspannungsnetzen zu erreichen. Im Projekt DC-INDUSTRIE2 arbeiten 39 Partner aus Industrie und Forschung und der ZVEI daran, diese Lücke zu schließen. Informationen zu dem Systemkonzept von DC-INDUSTRIE2 sind in [1] zu finden. In diesem Beitrag liegt der Schwerpunkt auf Störaussendungen und geeigneten Netznachbildungen für den Bereich von 150 kHz bis 30 MHz. Anhand von Messungen wird gezeigt, dass das im Systemkonzept von DC-INDUSTRIE beschriebene Konzept der dezentralen Funkentstörung funktioniert und ein so aufgebautes DC-Netz nicht stärker abstrahlt als ein vergleichbares AC-Netz.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Fraeger, Lukas and Hovestadt, Winfried}}, booktitle = {{ Proceedings EMV Kongress 2022 : Internationale Fachmesse und Kongress für Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit. Köln, 12.-14.07.2022.}}, editor = {{Garbe, Heyno}}, keywords = {{EMV, Verträglichkeit, Elektromagnetik}}, location = {{Köln}}, pages = {{69--76}}, publisher = {{Apprimus Verlag}}, title = {{{Störaussendungen von Antrieben in industriellen DC-Netzen}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.15488/12561}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8431, abstract = {{In this paper the thermal management for a traction drive inverter with SiC-MOSFETs will be discussed. The research objective is a high efficiency inverter resulting in a construction space optimized design. A possible approach to achieve these objectives is double-sided liquid cooling for the power modules with high power density. In this paper a three-phase inverter containing three half-bridge SiC power modules will be considered. Several cooling structures and arrangements for the power modules were examined by means of CFD simulation. The performance of the cooling systems is approximately 1 kW with a total power density of the power section of 100 kW per liter. }}, author = {{Cepin, Simon and Borcherding, Holger and Kusch, Rüdiger and Schnückel, Christian and Lis, Adrian}}, booktitle = {{ PCIM Europe : International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 10-12 May 2022, Nuremberg }}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5822-7}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{7}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Design of thermal management for double-sided cooled SiC-power semiconductors}}}, doi = {{10.30420/565822127}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8432, abstract = {{In this paper a highly efficient three-phase power factor correction (PFC) converter is used as an active infeed converter (AIC) for an industrial DC conductor system. The DC grid is a monorail conveyer system with distributed DC link capacitors and intelligent energy storages alongside the conductor. The operation of the system, using voltage droop control for proper load distribution, is investigated. The power consumption of the proposed DC grid will be compared to a conventional AC grid with identical drives. The used active infeed converter operates at 100kHz and 650V nominal DC bus voltage with a nominal power of 5kW.}}, author = {{Koch, Jan-Niklas and Otte, Raphael and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2022 : International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management : 10-12 May 2022 }}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5822-7 }}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{1983}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Operation of a SiC-Based Three-Phase PFC Converter in an Industrial DC Conductor System with Distributed DC Link Capacitors}}}, doi = {{10.30420/565822183}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8433, abstract = {{Today DC offers far-reaching advantages over AC. Therefore, many devices have been equipped with an internal DC link for many years. In the field of energy supply, the use of DC technology is also growing and is state of the art in offshore, high-voltage, vehicle and data center applications. The spread of industrial open DC grids is currently starting and is completely different due to the requirements: The industrial DC grid is highly dynamic. This means that power varies greatly over time and therefore there is a large amount of capacitance with little damping. The paper describes possibilities of outsourcing DC link capacitors from devices and the resulting influences on the lifetime.}}, author = {{Puls, Simon and Koch, Jan-Niklas and Warkentin, Slavi and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2022 International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management Proceedings}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Influence of Link Capacitor Outsourcing and Reduction of Capacitors in DC fed Drive Inverters}}}, doi = {{10.30420/565822046}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8436, abstract = {{Today DC offers far-reaching advantages over AC. Therefore, many devices have been equipped with an internal DC link for years. In the field of energy supply, the use of DC technology is also growing and is state of the art e.g. in offshore, high-voltage, automotive and data center applications. The spread of industrial open DC grids is currently starting and is completely different due to the requirements: The DC grid itself and energy flows in an industrial environment are highly dynamic and bidirectional. Due to the low impedance electrical connection of the DC links of many devices, stored energies in fault cases as well as ripple currents during operation place particular requirements on the devices.}}, author = {{Puls, Simon and Koch, Jan-Niklas and Ehlich, Martin and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{EPE Proceeding 2022}}, isbn = {{978-9-0758-1539-9}}, issn = {{2325-0313}}, keywords = {{Industries, Semiconductor device measurement, Capacitors, Europe, High-voltage techniques, Inverters, Circuit faults}}, location = {{Hannover}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Particular Requirements on Drive Inverters for Safe and Robust Operation on an Open Industrial DC Grid}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @proceedings{8437, abstract = {{Low voltage direct current microgrids (DC-MG) provide a solution for increased efficiency by the reduction of conversion losses, total reuse of recuperation energy and an increased share of local power generation. Especially industrial applications ask for high uptimes and a stable voltage supply, which are both at stake in a power grid dominated by renewable generation. DC-MGs overcome these drawbacks by balancing energy distribution and power demand locally. For the planning and design of these grids a systemic approach is needed, due to the fact that many components are interacting. The task arises of structuring the knowledge available for individual technologies in an overall design framework. For this purpose, current state-of-the-art design processes are discussed in this article. These processes are mapped into the context of the requirements in an industrial environment. The findings are transferred to the design of industrial DC networks. Finally, a complete design process for DC-MGs is derived, which is proposed as a basis for the development of tools.}}, editor = {{Schaab, Darian and Spanier, Patrick and Ehlich , Martin and Fosselmann, Eric }}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-4042-4}}, keywords = {{Renewable energy sources, Power demand, Process control, Voltage, Robustness, Planning, Stakeholders}}, location = {{ Macau, Macao }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Design Framework for Multiple Infeed DC-Microgrids in Industrial Applications}}}, doi = {{10.1109/CEECT53198.2021.9672633}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8438, abstract = {{This paper investigates multi feed in operation of highly efficient SiC-based active infeed converters (AIC) for industrial DC micro grids using voltage droop control. For the demonstration of multi feed in operation two identical three-phase power factor correction (PFC) converters with different droop curve settings are utilized. The AICs are designed for a nominal power of 5 kW. A DC bus voltage range from 400 to 800 V is specified while the desired nominal DC bus voltage is 650 V. Multi feed in operation with implemented voltage droop control shows, that circulating currents between the active infeed converters occur, which cause problems due to high current peaks even on low load operation. These circulating currents are analysed.}}, author = {{Koch, Jan-Niklas and Otte, Raphael and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{NEIS 2021; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems}}, editor = {{Schulz, Detlef}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5651-3}}, location = {{Hamburg, Germany}}, pages = {{148--153}}, publisher = {{VDE}}, title = {{{Investigation of Multi Feed In of Active Infeed Converters for Industrial DC Micro Grids with Voltage Droop Control}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{8467, abstract = {{A decarbonisation of the energy system is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus achieve the climate protection goals. For this reason, the renewable energy share in the power grids of many countries is increasing. In order to stabilize the energy system and increase its flexibility, energy management systems are needed. This paper offers a model of energy management system which starts from the network operator and ends at the consumer (an electric vehicle). Firstly, a controllable local system signal, which is sent through a smart meter gateway from the grid operator to the consumer, has been developed. The signal is based on the renewable energy share in the local grid, on the electricity exchange price and on a defined profile. Then, different charging modes, which regulate the energy consumption based on the signal, have been developed and field tested. Finally, the charging modes have been simulated in order to better compare the data. The results show that with smart charging, 90% of the energy demand can be rescheduled. In view of the load shifting, greenhouse gas emissions and energy costs can be reduced.}}, author = {{Schaffer, Maria and Bollhöfer, Fynn Christian and Üpping, Johannes}}, booktitle = {{International Journal of Energy Production and Management}}, issn = {{2056-3280 }}, keywords = {{electric vehicles, energy management systems, load shifting, renewable energy, smart grids.}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{101 -- 113}}, publisher = {{WIT Press}}, title = {{{Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids}}}, doi = {{10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113}}, volume = {{7}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{9136, author = {{Puls, Simon and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{ Proceedings EMV Kongress 2022 : Internationale Fachmesse und Kongress für Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit. Köln, 12.-14.07.2022.}}, editor = {{Garbe, Heyno}}, location = {{Köln}}, pages = {{ 389--396}}, publisher = {{Apprimus Verlag}}, title = {{{Lebensdauerbeeinträchtigungen von Geräten durch Ausgleichsströme beim Betrieb im industriellen offenen DC-Netz}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.15488/12598}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{9256, abstract = {{In order to increase mobility in rural areas and to support public transport, an autonomous monorail vehicle (MonoCab [1]) is developed, which is able to use old unused railroad tracks. A narrow design makes it possible for two vehicles to pass each other on one track in two-way traffic. A fully automated driving mode allows the vehicle to be ordered on demand via app. Due to the design on only two wheels, monorail vehicles must be able to react quickly to environmental influences, such as wind, in order to prevent overturning. To avoid critical tilt angles during travel and ensure ride comfort, gyroscopic stabilizers and linear masses are used to hold the vehicle in the desired position in real time. In this study, the vehicle behavior is investigated by determining flow coefficients when crosswind occurs. For this purpose, a guideline from the German railroad standard DIN EN 14067-6 is applied. This standard specifies a flow around the vehicle in 5-degree increments from 0 degrees to 50 degrees, followed by 10-degree increments to 90 degrees, to simulate crosswinds from different directions. The flow vector is calculated from the vehicle speed and the wind speed, taking into account the wind angle. In order to better detect occurring instabilities at the vehicle geometry, the simulation series is calculated with the transient solver pimpleFoam. These simulations are used to generate characteristic curves using calculated moment coefficients. In addition, the pressure surge is examined, which occurs when two vehicles pass each other in oncoming traffic. This is achieved using the dynamic mesh solver overPimpleDyMFoam for overlaid meshes. Two opposing vehicles with projected track gauge spacing are defined with a linear motion function of maximum vehicle speed magnitude. During the passing of both vehicles at maximum speed, the forces and moments around the point of contact on the rail are recorded.}}, author = {{Langer, Guido and Klepp, Georg Heinrich}}, booktitle = {{10th OpenFOAM Conference}}, location = {{online}}, title = {{{CFD analysis of a monorail vehicle under the influence of crosswind and oncoming traffic}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{9287, author = {{Stork, Dominic and Lück, Sönke and Griese, Martin and Naumann, Rolf and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{World Congress on Railway Research 2022 (WCRR 2022) Draft Technical Programme}}, location = {{Birmingham, UK}}, publisher = {{SNCF}}, title = {{{MonoCab – Simulation-based development of a running gear concept for monorail vehicles}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{10404, abstract = {{Today DC offers far-reaching advantages over AC. Therefore, many devices have been equipped with an internal DC link for many years. In the field of energy supply, the use of DC technology is also growing and is state of the art in offshore, high-voltage, vehicle and data center applications. The spread of industrial open DC grids is currently starting and is completely different due to the requirements: The industrial DC grid is highly dynamic. This means that power varies greatly over time and therefore there is a large amount of capacitance with little damping. The paper describes possibilities of reduction and changing of DC link capacitors from devices and the resulting influences on the lifetime for both electrolytic and film capacitors.}}, author = {{Puls, Simon and Koch, Jan-Niklas and Warkentin, Slavi and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{NEIS 2022 Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems}}, editor = {{Schlz, Detlef}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, pages = {{145--152}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Influence on Capacitor Lifetime due to Reduction of Link Capacitance for Devices operating on an Open Industrial DC grid}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{12814, abstract = {{Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are developed to reduce fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Common powertrain configurations of PHEVs (i.e., the configuration of the combustion engine, electric motor, and transmission) can be operated either in series, parallel, or power split hybrid mode, whereas powertrain configurations with multimode transmissions enable switching between those modes during vehicle operation. Hence, depending on the current operation state of the vehicle, the most appropriate mode in terms efficiency can be selected. This, however, requires an operating strategy, which controls the mode selection as well as the torque distribution between the combustion engine and electric motor with the aim of optimal battery depletion and minimal fuel consumption. A well-known approach is the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). It can be applied by using optimizations based on a prediction of the future driving behavior. Since the outcome of the ECMS depends on the quality of this prediction, it is crucial to know how accurate the predictions must be in order to obtain acceptable results. In this contribution, various prediction methods and real-time capable ECMS implementations are analyzed and compared in terms of the achievable fuel economy. The basis for the analysis is a holistic model of a state-of-the-art PHEV powertrain configuration, comprising the multimode transmission, corresponding powertrain components, and representative real-world driving data.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Applied Sciences}}, issn = {{2076-3417}}, keywords = {{PHEV, ECMS, multimode transmission, optimization, powertrain modeling}}, number = {{6}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Model-Based Analysis of Different Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle}}}, doi = {{10.3390/app12062905}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{7670, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) and rapid prototyping process (RPP) have revolutionized the production of 3D objects in the last few decades. RPP has considerably increased the rate of production and the possibility of manufacturing prototypes in the fields of electrical, optical, and mechanical engineering. The manufacturing of optical prototypes including spherical, aspheric, and special kinds of lenses and lens arrays has reformed the fabrication of optical components. In this paper, specifically designed lens array prototypes for application in visible light communication (VLC) are introduced. These lens array prototypes are manufactured using the stereolithography apparatus (SLA) process. These lens arrays are designed to achieve optimal transmission of the light beam for VLC systems. One of the prototypes from the lens arrays contains primarily four spherical lenses and one thicker convex lens and the other contains one fresnel lens as a substitute for thicker convex lens. These lens arrays are further post-processed to achieve the required transparency. These lens array prototypes are tested using laser and LEDs. The ON-OFF keying modulated light beam was transmitted through the lens array at the sender side and focused on the photo-receiver using another lens array at the receiver side which is 200 cm apart. After evaluating these lens prototypes, it can be concluded that with appropriate post-processing and high-resolution stereolithography based manufacturing, a low data rate VLC link can be formed.}}, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Beyer, Micha and Schneider, Daniel Johann and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII}}, editor = {{Helvajian, Henry and Gu, Bo and Chen, Hongqiang}}, isbn = {{978-1-5106-4189-1}}, issn = {{1996-756X}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, 3D printing, Stereolithography apparatus, Spherical lenses, Fresnel lenses, Visible light communication}}, location = {{San Francisco }}, publisher = {{Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers}}, title = {{{Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus}}}, doi = {{10.1117/12.2586907}}, volume = {{11677}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{7671, abstract = {{Visible-light communication is a promising technology for industrial environments. However, a variety of physical effects may influence the communication quality in this potentially harsh environment: Dust and other particles lead to increased attenuation. Artificial light sources and industrial processes, such as grinding and welding, cause optical cross-talk. A multitude of reflective surfaces can lead to fading due to multi-path propagation. These three aspects are experimentally investigated in exemplary manufacturing processes at five different production sites in order to estimate the relative importance and their specific impact on VLC transmission in industrial areas. Spectral measurements demonstrate the presence of interfering light sources, which occupy broad parts of the visible spectrum. They give rise to flickering noise, which comprises a set of frequencies in the electrical domain. The impact of these effects on the communication is analysed with reference to the maximum achievable channel capacity and data rate approximation based on on-off keying is deduced. It is found that cross-talk by environmental and artificial light sources is one of the strongest effects, which influences the optical, but also the electrical spectrum. It is also observed that industrial areas differ strongly and must be categorised according to the manufacturing processes, which can induce quite a variation of dust and attenuation accordingly.}}, author = {{Schneider, Daniel and Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Flatt, Holger and Stübbe, Oliver and Wolff, Alexander and Lachmayer, Roland and Bunge, Christian-Alexander}}, booktitle = {{Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics / Optica}}, issn = {{1094-4087 }}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{16087--16104}}, publisher = {{Optical Society of America}}, title = {{{Impact of industrial environments on visible light communication}}}, doi = {{10.1364/oe.421757}}, volume = {{29}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{7672, abstract = {{Visible light communication (VLC) allows the dual use of lighting and wireless communication systems by modulation of illumination devices. However, to increase the performance, typically, beam-forming measures are taken creating pencil beams, thus contradicting the illumination purpose. In order to optimize the performance trade o between ecient illumination and communication, the switching capabilities of illumination LEDs are examined. Illumination LEDs with standard drivers and without beam-forming show limited applicability for communication purposes as they are not optimized for the necessary switching capability (f  11 MHz) and coherence. Methods to enhance the electrical current by pre-equalisation, biasing, carrier sweeping and current shaping are examined in respect to the illumination LED's communication performance. A novel driver scheme is derived which achieves considerably higher switching frequencies (f  100 MHz) without employing beamforming at the illumination LED. This driver is able to obtain a data rate of up to 200 Mbit/s at a distance of 3.2 m, using on-o keying (OOK) modulation technique. Therefore, it is feasible to apply the LED driver by implementing standardised illumination devices in VLC systems.}}, author = {{Schneider, Daniel and Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Flatt, Holger and Stübbe, Oliver and Lachmayer, Roland}}, booktitle = {{Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI}}, editor = {{Cheben, Pavel and Čtyroký, Jiří and Molina-Fernández, Iñigo}}, isbn = {{978-1-5106-4384-0}}, issn = {{1996-756X}}, keywords = {{Optical Wireless Communication, Visible Light Communication, VLC, Li-Fi, Illumination, Dual-purpose drivers}}, location = {{Online (Prag)}}, publisher = {{SPIE}}, title = {{{Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments}}}, doi = {{10.1117/12.2588923}}, volume = {{11775}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{7680, abstract = {{In industrial scenarios wireless communication becomes more and more widespread. Radio-frequency technologies are still predominant, but optical wireless communication (OWC) provides many advantages to fulfill the requirements of communication in industrial applications. A survey with industrial users consolidate a list with the most important demands for wireless communication within the field: The results reveal that the current heterogeneous requirements for wireless communication are valid, but highlight the need for license-free, robust and energy efficient wireless communication at rather moderate data rates. These requirements can be met by OWC, but its direct application in industrial environments is often hindered by the harsh conditions, with measurements inter alia indicating specific cross talk by light-emitting processes. In this article, these aspects are discussed one by one in order to obtain a clear perspective about the applicability, the main limitations and potential technologies for OWC and competing approaches in industrial areas. In summary, the application requirements of industrial communication are substantiated, whereas specific limitations and needs for advancement of current OWC systems are derived.}}, author = {{Schneider, Daniel and Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Stübbe, Oliver and Lachmeyer, Roland and Bunge, Christian-Alexander}}, booktitle = {{VDE-ITG Photonische Netze}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5555-4}}, location = {{Stuttgart}}, publisher = {{Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e.V.}}, title = {{{Optical Wireless communication in industrial areas: Potential performance and actual demand}}}, volume = {{297}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inbook{7824, author = {{Üpping, Johannes and Schaffer, Maria and Bollhöfer, Fynn Christian}}, booktitle = {{Nachhaltiger Konsum}}, isbn = {{9783658333522}}, title = {{{Vergleich von Ladestrategien zur Minderung von CO2 Emissionen für batterieelektrische Fahrzeuge}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-658-33353-9_38}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{11803, abstract = {{Sub-optimal control policies in intersection traffic signal controllers (TSC) contribute to congestion and lead to negative effects on human health and the environment. Reinforcement learning (RL) for traffic signal control is a promising approach to design better control policies and has attracted considerable research interest in recent years. However, most work done in this area used simplified simulation environments of traffic scenarios to train RL-based TSC. To deploy RL in real-world traffic systems, the gap between simplified simulation environments and real-world applications has to be closed. Therefore, we propose LemgoRL, a benchmark tool to train RL agents as TSC in a realistic simulation environment of Lemgo, a medium-sized town in Germany. In addition to the realistic simulation model, LemgoRL encompasses a traffic signal logic unit that ensures compliance with all regulatory and safety requirements. LemgoRL offers the same interface as the well-known OpenAI gym toolkit to enable easy deployment in existing research work. To demonstrate the functionality and applicability of LemgoRL, we train a state-of-the-art Deep RL algorithm on a CPU cluster utilizing a framework for distributed and parallel RL and compare its performance with other methods. Our benchmark tool drives the development of RL algorithms towards real-world applications.}}, author = {{Müller, Arthur and Rangras, Vishal and Schnittker, Georg and Waldmann, Michael and Friesen, Maxim and Ferfers, Tobias and Schreckenberg, Lukas and Hufen, Florian and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Wiering, Marco}}, booktitle = {{20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)}}, editor = {{Wani, M. Arif}}, keywords = {{deep reinforcement learning, traffic signal control, intelligent transportation system, traffic simulation}}, location = {{Pasadena, CA, USA }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Towards Real-World Deployment of Reinforcement Learning for Traffic Signal Control}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ICMLA52953.2021.00085}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8019, author = {{Chitsazan, Ali and Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Glasmacher, Birgit}}, booktitle = {{Heat Transfer Research}}, issn = {{2162-6561}}, number = {{9}}, pages = {{61--91}}, publisher = {{Begell House}}, title = {{{REVIEW OF JET IMPINGEMENT HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION}}}, doi = {{10.1615/heattransres.2021038056}}, volume = {{52}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8020, author = {{Klepp, Georg Heinrich}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 14th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2020 (IRES 2020)}}, isbn = {{978-94-6239-327-1}}, issn = {{2589-4943}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, pages = {{225--229}}, publisher = {{Atlantis Press}}, title = {{{Adsorbed Renewable Energy Gas Storage}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.2991/ahe.k.210202.033}}, volume = {{6}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8022, author = {{Chitsazan, Ali and Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Chitsazan, Mohammad Esmaeil and Glasmacher, Birgit}}, booktitle = {{Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics}}, issn = {{2165-3852}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{192--209}}, publisher = {{Scientific Research Publ. }}, title = {{{Numerical Optimization of Pressure Force from Multiple Jets Impinging on a Moving Curved Surface for Industrial Drying Machines}}}, doi = {{10.4236/ojfd.2021.114012}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8027, author = {{Chitsazan, Ali and Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Glasmacher, Birgit}}, booktitle = {{International Journal of Heat and Technology}}, issn = {{0392-8764}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{1243--1252}}, publisher = {{Pitagora}}, title = {{{Numerical Prediction of the Second Peak in the Nusselt Number Distribution from an Impinging Round Jet}}}, doi = {{10.18280/ijht.390422}}, volume = {{39}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8028, author = {{Chitsazan, Ali and Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Glasmacher, Birgit and Pour, Kamyar Mohammad}}, booktitle = {{International Journal of Heat and Technology}}, issn = {{0392-8764}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{755--762}}, publisher = {{Pitagora}}, title = {{{Numerical Optimization of Drying Energy Consumption from Multiple Jets Impinging on a Moving Curved Surface}}}, doi = {{10.18280/ijht.390309}}, volume = {{39}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8029, author = {{Chitsazan, Ali and Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Glasmacher, Birgit}}, booktitle = {{International Journal of Heat and Technology}}, issn = {{0392-8764}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{32--40}}, publisher = {{Pitagora}}, title = {{{Numerical Optimization of Heat Transfer from Multiple Jets Impinging on a Moving Curved Surface for Industrial Drying Machines}}}, doi = {{10.18280/ijht.390104}}, volume = {{39}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8098, author = {{Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Langer, Guido}}, location = {{Berlin}}, title = {{{Monorail Flow Patterns and Vehicle Drag}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8099, author = {{Klepp, Georg Heinrich and Filippi, Markus}}, location = {{online}}, title = {{{Numerical study on lift and drag characteristics of reversible S-shaped Airfoils with different turbulence models}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8380, abstract = {{Currently, numerous single-track railway lines are disused due to economic reasons. However, they could be reactivated for a bidirectional on-demand service traffic by small vehicles that use only one rail. MonoCabs are such small cabin-like vehicles, stabilized by a system of control moment gyroscopes and a moveable mass. They could make an important contribution to improve the mobility offer especially in rural areas. This paper is focused on the vertical stabilization system of the MonoCab. This system is discussed based on a physical three body model which describes the rolling motion of the vehicle, the lateral motion of the mass and the precession motion of the gyroscope. The model is utilized for a cascaded control concept adjusting the vehicle’s roll angle and gyroscope’s gimbal angle. The proposed stabilization concept is capable of compensating both high dynamic disturbances and stationary disturbances (e. g. unbalanced loads and steady wind flows). The concept is analyzed by simulations and experimental investigations utilizing a small scaled test rig and a rapid control prototyping system. Beside transient command responses also the frequency response of the system is experimentally evaluated and used for a validation of the model and theoretical findings.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Kottmeier, Fabian and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{IECON 2021 – 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-3554-3}}, issn = {{2577-1647 }}, keywords = {{Vehicle dynamics, Control moment gyroscope, Control system analysis, Roll stabilization, Monorail vehicles}}, location = {{Toronto, ON, Canada }}, pages = {{pp. 1--6}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Vertical control of a self-stabilizing monorail vehicle}}}, doi = {{10.1109/IECON48115.2021.9589726}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8384, abstract = {{ynamic simulation models are widely utilized to evaluate complex technical components and systems like electric drives or machines. They can support the development process of a production machine by avoiding an inadequate layout of components or an erroneous control design. However, the effort for building them is often too high for this purpose (lot size one). An automated model generation can be utilized to overcome the gap between efforts and advantages of dynamic simulations. This contribution presents an approach for simplifying the dynamic model generation of production machines by using the so-called Asset Administration Shell defined by the initiative Platform Industrie 4.0. The Asset Administration Shell was developed to aggregate all data necessary for maintaining the product across its life cycle. This includes component data and models as well as structural information about a machine. The generation process is performed by using the common FMI standard and a two-step procedure which allows the linkage of different simulation tools. The model generation is demonstrated by an example layout of a machine's internal direct current grid.}}, author = {{Göllner, D. and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2021 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-3772-1 }}, issn = {{2157-3611}}, keywords = {{Digital Twin, Asset Administration Shell, Dynamic Simulation Model, Industry 4.0, Automated Model Generation}}, location = {{Online (Singapore)}}, pages = {{808--812}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Utilization of the Asset Administration Shell for the Generation of Dynamic Simulation Models}}}, doi = {{10.1109/IEEM50564.2021.9673089}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8385, abstract = {{Currently, numerous single-track railway lines are disused due to economic reasons. However, they could be reactivated for a bidirectional on-demand service traffic by small vehicles that use only one rail. MonoCabs are such small cabin-like vehicles, stabilized by a system of control moment gyroscopes and a moveable mass. They could make an important contribution to improve the mobility offer especially in rural areas. This paper focuses on the analytical modeling and vertical stabilization system of the MonoCab. A nonlinear dynamic model is obtained using the Lagrangian method and subsequently linearized about its equilibrium point. Which is used for the design of the cascade control system. The dynamic analysis of the system is accomplished by comparing between analytically derived model in simulink environment and same structured model in simscape multibody. This system is discussed based on a physical three body model which describes the rolling motion of the vehicle, the lateral motion of the mass and the precession motion of the gyroscope. The model is utilized for a cascaded control concept adjusting the vehicle’s roll angle and gyroscope’s precession angle. The proposed stabilization concept is capable of compensating both high dynamic disturbances and stationary disturbances (e. g. unbalanced loads and steady wind flows). The concept is analyzed by simulations and experimental investigations. Beside transient command responses also the frequency response of the system is experimentally evaluated and used for a validation of the model and theoretical findings. For the experimental validation, a small scaled test rig is used which consists of mechanical frames and flywheels, inverter-fed drives, rotary encoders, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a rapid control prototyping system.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Mousavi, Seyed Davood and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2021 9th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA)}}, keywords = {{Vehicle dynamics, Control moment gyroscope, Control system analysis, Roll stabilization, Monorail vehicles}}, location = {{Belval, Luxembourg }}, pages = {{205--210}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Modeling the Vertical Dynamics of a Self-stabilizing Monorail Vehicle}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ICCMA54375.2021.9646219}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8386, abstract = {{The dynamic emulation of mechanical loads is required in a variety of applications to test and validate control algorithms. Typical test setups consist of two mechanically coupled motors, one of which is the Device Under Test (DUT) while the other is used as a load drive for emulation. Existing emulation concepts either rely on the differentiation of velocity feedback or utilize measured quantities of the DUT. The emulation method proposed in this paper uses acceleration feedback to control the torque of the load drive. It does not require any measured quantities of the DUT which allows a simple replacement of the DUT’s motor and/or inverter without the need of any conceptual changes. Based on a physical model, the emulation method is derived analytically and analyzed numerically for the emulation of one-mass-systems. The stability and emulation quality is evaluated considering two controller architectures. Finally, experiments are conducted and compared to numeric simulations to test the correct emulation.}}, author = {{Epp, Michael and Griese, Martin and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{IECON 2021 – 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-3554-3}}, issn = {{2577-1647}}, keywords = {{Acceleration feedback, emulation of mechanical loads, motion and servo control, machine and drive testing}}, location = {{Toronto, ON, Canada }}, pages = {{1--6}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Acceleration Feedback Concepts for Dynamic Emulation of Mechanical Loads}}}, doi = {{10.1109/IECON48115.2021.9589449}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8411, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Koch, Jan-Niklas and Otte, Raphael}}, booktitle = {{NEIS 2021 - Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems}}, editor = {{Schulz, Detlef}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5651-3}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, pages = {{148--153}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Investigation of Multi Feed In of Active Infeed Converters for Industrial DC Micro Grids with Voltage Droop Control}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8412, abstract = {{In this paper a highly efficient 5 kW three-phase power factor correction (PFC) converter used as an active infeed converter (AIC) for an industrial DC grid is addressed. The converter operates at 100 kHz and the nominal DC bus voltage is 650 V. The DC grid the AIC is designed for is a conductor system with distributed DC link capacitors and intelligent energy storages alongside the conductor. Due to the use of intelligent energy storages, which meet the energy demand when load transients occur, it is possible to optimize the AIC for a lower power to ensure maximum system efficiency. The design of the hardware and controller is described and measurements of characteristic currents and voltages, efficiency over the whole load range and controller responses on load transients are shown.}}, author = {{Koch, Jan-Niklas and Otte, Raphael and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe digital days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5515-8}}, location = {{Online}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Highly Efficient SiC-based Active Infeed Converter for Industrial DC Conductor Systems}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @book{8413, abstract = {{The DC-Factory The energy revolution has many facets. One of them is the power supply of factories. Here lies the origin of the upheaval in drive technology, which today is already based on direct current, while the grid supplies alternating current. In this book you will learn the advantages of building a comprehensive direct current factory network into which all power generators feed their energy and from which all consumers are supplied directly. All related conceptual, economic, technical and organizational issues are dealt within this book: - Potential and economic assessment of the direct current factory in comparison with a current factory supplied with alternating current - System concept draft for the necessary system and device adjustments with concrete solutions for implementation - Detailed treatment of all relevant technical topics, such as topology, voltage level, supply concepts, grounding and network types, EMC, pre-charging - Characteristic-based control of a direct current network with different supply devices and loads - Guarantee of network stability, even with highly dynamic loads and without additional communication - Treatment of essential security aspects - Planning and design of a direct current network in your own factory, including presentation of the planning tasks and instructions for the user}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Spanier, Patrick and Sauer, Alexander}}, editor = {{Alexander, Sauer}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-47174-0}}, pages = {{214}}, publisher = {{Hanser}}, title = {{{The DC-Factory - Energy efficient. Robust. Forward-looking }}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8415, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Cepin, Simon}}, location = {{online}}, title = {{{Heatsink design for direct double-sided liquid cooling of SiC power semiconductors}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8417, abstract = {{Today DC offers far-reaching advantages over AC. Therefore, many devices have been equipped with an internal DC link for many years. In the field of energy supply, the use of DC technology is also growing and is state of the art in offshore, high-voltage, vehicle, data center applications. The spread of industrial open DC grids is currently starting and is completely different due to the requirements: The DC grid is highly dynamic. This means that the oscillation behavior must be investigated. The paper describes the characteristics and the limits of stability for an open industrial DC grid.}}, author = {{Puls, Simon and Warkentin, Slavi and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe digital days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}}, location = {{Online}}, pages = {{87}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Characteristics and Possible Resonant Oscillations in an Open Industrial DC grid}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8430, abstract = {{This article highlights the special electrical properties of an industrial DC grid and compares it with other typical DC grids. In this article, the extent of transient overvoltages is presented, which must be assumed to be caused by grid faults and switching operations. Basic measures for the protection of devices are listed and evaluated. The article clarifies that basic protection is necessary for the reliable operation of devices in industrial DC grids, but is easy to implement.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Puls, Simon}}, booktitle = {{2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)}}, isbn = {{978-1-7281-5730-6}}, issn = {{2643-2978}}, keywords = {{drive inverters, DC grid, overvoltage protection, DC grid faults}}, location = {{Valencia, Spain; Online}}, pages = {{625--630}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Potential Hazards of Transient Overvoltages in an Industrial DC Grid and Basic Protective Measures}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453597}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8434, abstract = {{An open industrial DCgrid for energy supply has many benefits. Also new challenges arise by coupling the DClink capacitors of all devices, e.g. inverters. This paper presents the effects of component failures causing short circuit faults in combination with electrically coupled and charged DClink capacitors. Resulting energy flows are shown, which arise in the DCgrid in case of faults. In addition, measurements of short circuit tests and two solutions are shown, which enable the safe and simple operation of an open industrial DCgrid.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Blank, Frederic and Grünberg, Olaf and Höflsauer, Josef and Puls, Simon}}, booktitle = {{2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-3384-6}}, issn = {{2325-0313}}, keywords = {{DC power supply, Fault handling strategy, Short circuit, Grid-connected inverter, DC machine}}, location = {{Virtuell}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{EFFECTS OF COMPONENT FAILURES IN DRIVE INVERTERS DURING PARALLEL OPERATING ON AN OPEN INDUSTRIAL DC GRID}}}, doi = {{10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570706}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{7676, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Beyer, Micha and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic Manufacturing II : 6-10 April 2020, online only, France }}, editor = {{von Freymann, Georg and Herkommer, Alois M. and Flury, Manuel}}, isbn = {{978-1-5106-3470-1}}, issn = {{1996-756X}}, keywords = {{Fresnel lenses, Stereolithography apparatus, 3D printing, Photo-polymerization}}, location = {{Strasbourg (online)}}, publisher = {{SPIE}}, title = {{{Manufacturing and analyzing of cost-efficient fresnel lenses using stereolithography}}}, doi = {{10.1117/12.2555367}}, volume = {{11349}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{4028, abstract = {{Es wird allgemein erwartet, dass die Mobilität in Zukunft aufgrund des Klimawandels und der Ressourcenknappheit unabhängiger von fossilen Brennstoffen sein muss. Eine vernünftige Änderung der Mobilität würde jedoch ein Konzept erfordern, das den Ursprung der Antriebsenergie (z. B. Kraftstoffe) sowie ein geeignetes Konzept für die Übergangszeit des technologischen Wandels berücksichtigt. Die Forschungsaktivitäten sollten für jede technologische Option offen sein. In diesem Beitrag wird die geeignete Auswahl der Antriebskonzepte und Energieträger für Busse im öffentlichen Verkehr diskutiert und ein umfassendes Forschungsprojekt mit einer Modellregion und einem virtuellen Institut skizziert.}}, author = {{Dörr, S. and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Ludwigsburg}}, title = {{{Auswahl von Antriebskonzepten und Energieträgern für eine nachhaltige Mobilität am Beispiel des öffentlichen Verkehrs}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{4284, abstract = {{In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept einer Versuchsanlage für industrielle Gleichspannungs-netze vorgestellt. Diese besteht aus mehreren elektrischen Antriebssätzen (Prüfling und Last-maschine), aus verschiedenen uni- und bidirektionalen Gleichrichtern, aus dezentralen Ener-gieerzeugern (PV und BHKW) und mehreren Energiespeichern. Alle Geräte sind über ein ge-meinsames Gleichspannungsnetz gekoppelt. Gleichspannungsnetze ermöglichen einen sehr einfachen bidirektionalen Energieaustausch zwischen den angeschlossenen Geräten. Daher kann beispielsweise Bremsenergie bei elektrischen Antrieben ohne zusätzlichen Aufwand ge-nutzt werden und auch die Integration von dezentralen Energieerzeugungsanlagen wie Photo-voltaik (PV) oder Blockheizkraftwerden (BHKW) sowie von Energiespeichern ist deutlich einfa-cher als bei AC-Netzen. Das Besondere an dieser Anlage ist, dass die mechanischen Belastun-gen der Antriebe einer Produktionsmaschine realitätsnah nachgebildet werden können. In einem Echtzeit-Modell, umgesetzt in Matlab/Simulink, werden Sollwerte der Drehzahl- und Drehmomentenverläufe berechnet und mittels Feldbus an die jeweiligen Lastantriebswechsel-richter übermittelt. Dadurch ergeben sich an der Welle nicht nur reale mechanische Größen, sondern auch die sich im Gleichspannungsnetz einstellenden Ströme entsprechen denen einer realen Anlage. Somit kann z.B. untersucht werden, wie sich eine von AC- auf DC-Netz umge-rüstete Produktionsmaschine verhalten würde, ohne diese bauen zu müssen. Weiterhin können die Auswirkungen von Speichereinbindungen und Netzstörungen realitätsnah untersucht wer-den.}}, author = {{Warkentin, Slavi and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{AALE 2020 Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion 17. Fachkonferenz}}, editor = {{Jäkel, Jens and Thiel, Robert}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5180-8}}, location = {{Leipzig}}, pages = {{51--60}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Modulare Versuchsanlage für ein industrielles Gleichspannungsnetz mit gesteuerten elektrischen Antrieben}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @book{8414, abstract = {{Die Gleichstromfabrik Die Energiewende hat viele Facetten. Eine davon ist die Stromversorgung von Fabriken. Hier liegt der Ursprung des Umbruchs in der Antriebstechnik, die heute bereits gleichstrombasiert ist, während das Netz Wechselstrom liefert. In diesem Buch erfahren Sie, welche Vorteile es hat ein umfassendes Gleichstromfabriknetz aufzubauen, in das alle Stromerzeuger ihre Energie einspeisen und aus dem alle Verbraucher direkt versorgt werden. Alle damit verbundenen konzeptionellen, wirtschaftlichen, technischen und organisatorischen Fragestellungen werden in diesem Buch behandelt, z. B.: - Potenziale und wirtschaftliche Abschätzung der Gleichstromfabrik im Vergleich mit einer heutigen wechselstromversorgten Fabrik - Systemkonzeptentwurf für die notwendigen System- und Geräteanpassungen mit konkreten Lösungen für die Umsetzung - Detaillierte Behandlung aller relevanten technischen Themen, wie Topologie, Spannungsniveau, Versorgungskonzepte, Erdung und Netzformen, EMV, Vorladung - Kennlinienbasierte Regelung eines Gleichstromnetzes mit unterschiedlichen Versorgungsgeräten und Lasten - Gewährleistung der Netzstabilität, auch bei hochdynamischer Belastung und ohne zusätzliche Kommunikation - Behandlung wesentlicher Sicherheitsaspekte - Planung und Auslegung eines Gleichstromnetzes in der eigenen Fabrik, inklusive Darstellung der Planungsaufgaben und Hinweise für den Anwender Das Buch zeigt darüber hinaus vier reale Anwendungen, die mit dem beschriebenen, herstelleroffenen Gleichstromnetz realisiert wurden. Dabei werden jeweils unterschiedliche konzeptionelle Schwerpunkte erläutert, um die mögliche Bandbreite des Einsatzes zu demonstrieren.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Sauer, Alexander}}, editor = {{Sauer, Alexander}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-46581-7}}, pages = {{228}}, publisher = {{Hanser}}, title = {{{Die Gleichstromfabrik}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{8439, abstract = {{The Paper presents the concept of an experimental plant, which is to be built within the framework of the research project DC-INDUSTRIE2. This system consists of a multitude of electrical drives, various uni- and bidirectional rectifiers, several decentralized energy suppliers and several energy storage units. All devices in this system are coupled via a common DC Grid. DC Grids allow a very simple bidirectional energy exchange between the connected devices. Therefore, braking energy in electric drives, for example, can be used without additional effort and the integration of decentralized energy supplier systems such as photovoltaic (PV) or combined heat and power plants (CHP) as well as energy storage systems is much easier than in AC Grids. The purpose of the experimental plant is to electrically emulate a typical production machine or process and to investigate the real occurring currents and energy flows in the DC Grid. A total of 11 drive sets are available for this purpose, each consisting of a test machine and a load machine. The modeling of the actual production machine is done in MATLAB/Simulink. Speed and torque curves are calculated here and transmitted to the drive inverters via fieldbus. Thus, not only real mechanical quantities are obtained at the shaft, but also the currents in the DC Grid correspond to those of a real plant. Therefore it can be investigated, for example, how a production machine converted from AC to DC power would behave without having to build it. Furthermore, the effects of storage connections and grid disturbances can be realistically investigated.}}, author = {{Warkentin, Slavi and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{NEIS 2020 Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems}}, editor = {{Schlz, Detlef}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5359-8}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, pages = {{197--202}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Modular Experimental Plant for Industrial DC Grid with Controlled Electrical Drives}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{8468, author = {{Üpping, Johannes and Bollhöfer, Fynn Christian and Forche, Kim Alina}}, booktitle = {{ International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy}}, issn = {{2315-4462}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{1--7}}, publisher = {{SGCE Editorial Office}}, title = {{{Size of a distributed electrical storage for a rural area with a wind farm}}}, doi = {{10.12720/sgce.9.1.1-7}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{8712, author = {{Griese, Martin and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2020 IEEE 14th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG)}}, location = {{Setúbal, Portugal}}, pages = {{388--393}}, title = {{{System reduction of optimal control problems with seasonal storage}}}, doi = {{10.1109/CPE-POWERENG48600.2020.9161699}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{10401, abstract = {{Um das Potenzial von industriellen Gleichstromanlagen überprüfen zu können, hat die Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe in Lemgo eine Versuchsanlage konzipiert. Zudem lassen sich damit Einflüsse und wechselwirkungen einer Anlage auf ein DC-Verbundnetz simulieren. Das kompakte und flexible Transferzentrum ermöglicht quasi als „Produktionszelle in the Loop" die Untersuchung der Stabilität der Anlage sowie der Auswirkungen von Fehlerfällen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Nachbildung bestehender AC-versorgter oder zukünftiger Produktionsmaschinen in DC. um Energieeinsparpotenziale aufzuzeigen und Entwicklungszeiten zu verringern.}}, author = {{Warkentin, Slavi and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{etz elektrotechnik & automation}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{50--54}}, publisher = {{VDE}}, title = {{{Industrielles DC-Netz mit gesteuerten elektrischen Antrieben}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{10402, abstract = {{In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept einer Versuchsanlage für industrielle Gleichspannungsnetze vorgestellt indem alle Geräte über ein gemeinsames Gleichspannungsnetz gekoppelt sind. In einem Echtzeit-Modell, umgesetzt in Matlab/Simulink, werden Sollwerte der Drehzahl- und Drehmomentenverläufe berechnet und mittels Feldbus an die jeweiligen Lastantriebswechselrichter übermittelt. Dadurch ergeben sich an der Welle nicht nur reale mechanische Größen, sondern auch die sich im Gleichspannungsnetz einstellenden Ströme entsprechen denen einer realen Anlage. Somit kann beispielsweise untersucht werden, wie sich eine von AC- auf DC-Netz umgerüstete Produktionsmaschine verhalten würde, ohne diese bauen zu müssen. Weiterhin können die Auswirkungen von Speichereinbindungen und Netzstörungen realitätsnah untersucht werden.}}, author = {{Warkentin, Slavi and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{atp magazin}}, issn = {{2364-3137 }}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{54--59}}, publisher = {{Vulkan-Verlag GmbH}}, title = {{{ Modulare Versuchsanlage für ein industrielles DC-Netz : Potenziale industrieller Gleichstromanlagen }}}, volume = {{62}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{4905, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann}}, title = {{{Verfahren und Schaltung für den mehrphasigen Betrieb eines Elektomotos}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{4909, author = {{Koch, Jan-Niklas and Stuckmann, Tim and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2020}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5245-4}}, location = {{Nürnberg }}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Cascade control of a two-stage isolated DC/DC converter with wide input voltage range for optimal efficiency}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{4910, author = {{Stuckmann, Tim and Koch, Jan-Niklas and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2020}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5245-4}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Design and Analysis of Highly Efficient SiC-based Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Converter for Industrial DC-Grids}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{4911, author = {{Puls, Simon and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe digital days 2020 : International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management Proceedings}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5245-4}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Approach of an Active Device Protection for Drive Inverters against Device Faults in an Open Indstrial DC Grid}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{4912, author = {{Ting Helmholdt-Zhu, T. and Knebusch, B. and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe digital days 2020 : International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management Proceedings}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5245-4}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{High-Frequency Models for the Prediction of Transient Effects in Motor Windings Under Fast Rising Impulse Voltages}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{4913, author = {{Puls, Simon and Hegerfeld, Jan and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Rainer}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe digital days 2020 : International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management Proceedings}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-5245-4}}, location = {{Online ; fand aufgrund von Covid-19 nicht vor Ort statt }}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{Transient Overvoltage Protection Solutions for Drive Inverters Operating on an Open Industrial DC Grid}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{4918, abstract = {{An open industrial DC grid has a lot of advantages. Also new challenges arise by coupling several DC link capacitors of inverters. This paper presents an approach and measurements of an active device protection to withstand possible faults that can occur in the DC grid. In particular, robustness in the event of faults plays a key role.}}, author = {{Puls, Simon and Obernolte, Urs and Borcherding, Holger and Ehlich, Martin}}, booktitle = {{2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe VIRTUAL)}}, isbn = {{978-1-7281-9807-1}}, issn = {{2325-0313}}, keywords = {{DC grid, fault handling strategy, DC-power supply, active protection, drive inverters}}, location = {{Lyon, France}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Approach of an Active Device Protection for Drive Inverters against Short Circuit Faults in an Open Industrial DC Grid}}}, doi = {{10.23919/EPE20ECCEEurope43536.2020.9215949}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{7679, author = {{Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra and Beyer, Micha and Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{ Production engineering and management : proceedings 9th international conference, October 03 and 04, 2019, Trieste, Italy}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-04-7}}, keywords = {{3D printing, stereolithography, optical lens, light forming structures, convex lenses, concave lenses, refraction of light, focal length}}, location = {{Trieste}}, pages = {{227--240}}, publisher = {{Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe}}, title = {{{Evaluation of stereolithograghy processes for the production of lens prototypes}}}, volume = {{2019, 01}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{4026, abstract = {{The control and structural expansion of decentralized energy systems are very challenging due to the volatility of renewable energies and progressive structural changes. For balancing out seasonal fluctuations, conversions into heat or gas in combination with long-term storages are frequently discussed approaches. In context of an optimal conceptual synthesis of such systems, investigations regarding the operation and design require a large time period of at least one year. In order to solve such optimal control problems, an immense calculation time is required. This contribution presents a multistep approach which determines the optimal operation strategy in an iterative way and is capable of reducing the calculation effort. In the first step, a rough optimization incorporating a low modelling depth is performed. Especially in combination with a rough time discretization, dynamic short-term storages (e.g. electrical batteries) can become irrelevant from an optimization point of view. Therefore, the considered system can be virtually reduced by several state and control variables resulting in a significantly reduced computation time. In a second optimization, the optimal control problem is constrained using the results of the previous step. Especially the obtained values for the state of charge of the long-term storage improve significantly the quality of the second optimization. While in the first step, the dynamic programming is utilized to solve the optimal control problem in one instance, the second step uses the mixed integer linear programming to solve multiple short time periods of the optimal control problem in a sequential way. Results are presented on the basis of a simple test scenario where the electrical energy supply of a residential quarter is investigated using real photovoltaic data of one year, a modelled fuel cell system as long-term storage and an electrical battery storage as short-term storage.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Wroclaw}}, title = {{{Optimized operation of long-term storages considering a scalable modelling depth}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{4246, author = {{Puls, S. and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{AALE 2019 : Autonome und intelligente Systeme in der Automatisierungstechnik 16. Fachkonferenz}}, editor = {{Bauer, Benedict and Wittenberg, Carsten}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-4860-0}}, location = {{Heilbronn}}, pages = {{153 -- 160}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Systemkonzept für ein industrielles Gleichspannungsnetz}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{4247, author = {{Mambetow, Artur and Vogt, Marvin and Jerwan, Benjamin and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{AALE 2019 : Autonome und intelligente Systeme in der Automatisierungstechnik 16. Fachkonferenz}}, editor = {{Bauer, Benedict and Wittenberg, Carsten}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-4860-0}}, location = {{Heilbronn}}, pages = {{231 -- 234}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Hardware eines Bidirektionalen Gleichstromstellers für Praktikumsanwendungen mit Implementierungsmöglichkeit von Regelmodellen aus Matlab/Simulink}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{4285, author = {{Puls, Simon and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{EPE 19 ECCE Europe : CFP19850-USB}}, location = {{Genova, Italy}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{The Influence on Drive Inverters under the Effects of Short Circuits in an Open Industrial DC grid}}}, doi = {{10.23919/EPE.2019.8915437}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{4288, abstract = {{This article deals with the determination of the lifetime of electrolytic capacitors operating in industrial DC micro grids, which are characterized by a particular large number of electrical drives. In addition to the advantages of such a DC grid, a test setup is proposed as a solution that allows an easy device testing. The paper shows with the help of simulations and practical measurements that if every device passes this test, it can be ensured that no capacitor in the DC grid is overloaded at all.}}, author = {{Puls, S. and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{2019 IEEE Third International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)}}, location = {{Matsue, Japan}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Lifetime Calculation for Capacitors in Industrial Micro DC grids}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ICDCM45535.2019.9232854}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{4289, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{Computer & Automation}}, issn = {{1615-8512}}, publisher = {{WEKA Fachmedien GmbH}}, title = {{{ DC statt AC im Produktionsnetz. Projekt „DC-Industrie“ – Teil 1 }}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{4900, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{Computer & Automation}}, issn = {{1615-8512}}, number = {{3}}, publisher = {{WEKA Fachmedien GmbH}}, title = {{{Das DC-Netz für die Produktion}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @book{4902, author = {{Führer, Arnold and Heidemann, Klaus and Nerreter, Wolfgang and Borcherding, Holger and Meier, Uwe}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-45953-3}}, publisher = {{Carl Hanser Verlag}}, title = {{{Stationäre Vorgänge}}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{2019}}, } @book{4903, author = {{Führer, Arnold and Heidemann, Klaus and Nerreter, Wolfgang and Borcherding, Holger and Meier, Uwe}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-46203-8}}, publisher = {{Carl Hanser Verlag}}, title = {{{Elektrotechnik für das Studium in 2 Bänden}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @book{4904, author = {{Führer, Arnold and Heidemann, Klaus and Nerreter, Wolfgang and Borcherding, Holger and Meier, Uwe}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-45954-0 }}, pages = {{320}}, publisher = {{Carl Hanser Verlag}}, title = {{{ Zeitabhängige Vorgänge}}}, volume = {{2}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{4914, abstract = {{This article deals with the determination of the lifetime of electrolytic capacitors operating in industrial DC micro grids, which are characterized by a particular large number of electrical drives. In addition to the advantages of such a DC grid, a test setup is proposed as a solution that allows an easy device testing. The paper shows with the help of simulations and practical measurements that if every device passes this test, it can be ensured that no capacitor in the DC grid is overloaded at all.}}, author = {{Puls, Simon and Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-4938-6}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Dimensioning and Lifespan Estimation of Electrolytic Capacitors in Industrial DC micro Grids}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{11195, author = {{Schneider, Daniel and Fast, Harry and Flatt, Holger and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Stübbe, Oliver and Heidl, René}}, booktitle = {{Automation 2018 : 19. Leitkongress der Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik : Baden-Baden, 03. und 04. Juli 2018}}, isbn = {{978-3-18-092330-7}}, issn = {{ 0083-5560}}, location = {{Baden-Baden}}, pages = {{273--284}}, publisher = {{VDI Verlag}}, title = {{{Einsatzfähigkeit von optischer Freiraumkommunikation in industriellen Produktionsumgebungen}}}, doi = {{10.51202/9783181023303-273}}, volume = {{2330}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{4001, abstract = {{In this contribution, a model-based method for analyzing and optimizing energy systems comprising the electrical, thermal and chemical domain is presented. The method is a variant of the Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation where virtual components are combined with real experimental components of the evaluated system. In order to integrate the real components with minimal instrumentation efforts, measured quantities are included as information flows, only, while the physical power flows are connected to local supply structures, like the electric grid or gas distribution system. This contribution incorporates a biocatalytic methanation reactor as an experimental component to convert hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane. Compared to the well-known Sabatier process, this reactor operates at lower temperature levels and does not need pure carbon dioxide. This allows a dynamic operation and makes it more flexible regarding the carbon dioxide source whose availability is often critically discussed. The virtual energy components are represented by real-time capable models describing their physical behavior. In a test scenario, the electrical energy supply of residential quarters is investigated where photovoltaic data and a modeled fuel cell system are included beside the real experimental methanation process. For the dynamical management of energy and operating gases, electrical and chemical storage units are considered as virtual components, as well. The previous described energy system allows various strategies regarding the operation of the components, especially the storage units. Therefore an optimized energy management is reasonable, based on a designated criterion, e.g. minimal operating costs or maximum energy efficiency. In order to find the global optimum, the method of dynamic programming is used to determine the optimal control sequence for an assumed operation case, e.g. given by the photovoltaic yield of the considered day. Finally, the found solution is tested in real-time by the proposed HIL simulation.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Hoffrath, M. and Broeker, Timo and Schneider, J. and Schulte, Thomas}}, journal = {{ECOS}}, title = {{{HIL simulation of an optimized energy management incorporating an experimental biocatalytic methanation reactor}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{4029, abstract = {{Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are developed in order to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Besides the series, parallel and power split configurations are commonly used for conventional hybrid electric vehicles, and multimode transmissions are used for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which are able to switch between different modes like parallel or series operation of the combustion engine and electric motor. Several concepts have already been discussed and presented. These concepts comprise novel structures and multi-speed operation for the combustion engine and the electric motor, respectively. For improving the fuel and energy consumption, model-based optimizations of multimode transmissions are performed. In the first step of the optimization, the optimal number of gears and transmission ratios, as well as the corresponding fuel and energy savings, are estimated. Based on these results, a new multimode transmission concept with two-speed transmissions for the combustion engine and the electric motor has been developed. The knowledge of the concrete concept enables the further optimizations of the transmission ratios and the transmission control. In order to prove the benefit of the new and optimized transmission concept, powertrain simulations have been carried out. The new powertrain concept is compared to a powertrain concept with single-speed transmissions for the internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motor operation. The new transmission concept enables a significant improvement of the fuel consumption.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Meier, A. and Schulte, Thomas}}, journal = {{World Electric Vehicle Journal}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{12}}, publisher = {{MDPI}}, title = {{{Model-Based Optimization of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Multimode Transmission}}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2018}}, } @proceedings{4116, abstract = {{"Historische Gebäude - energieeffi zient, schadenfrei und anspruchsvoll gestaltet" lautet das Thema des Detmolder Bauphysiktages 2018. Diesen Anspruch untermauern kompetente Referenten, die über aktuelle Themen aus den Bereichen des Wärme-, Feuchte- und Klimaschutzes, der Bauakustik, der Integralen Quartiersplanung sowie über relevante Messverfahren in der Bausanierung berichten. Energieeinsparung und Klimaschutz durch Energetische Sanierung im Gebäudebestand sind im beträchtlichen Maße auch unter Einbeziehung der architektonischen Besonderheiten möglich, wenn mit Fachwissen, dem Einsatz moderner Ingenieurmethoden und Augenmaß vorgegangen wird. Im vorliegenden Band sind die im Tagungsprogramm enthaltenen Vorträge, erweitert um zusätzliche Berichte aus dem Lehrgebiet, zusammengeführt. }}, editor = {{Schwickert, Susanne}}, location = {{Detmold}}, title = {{{Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2018}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{554, abstract = {{Light guiding structures, like optical waveguides or fibers, take an important role in several industries, e.g. communication, sensing, illumination or medical applications. For the latter, it could be very interesting to have the possibility to manufacture problem-adapted structureswith a mechanicalfunctionality andwith additional embedded optical or electrical sensor functionalities.Modern additive manufacturing (AM) technologies like Stereolithography (SLA) or Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) may provide these opportunities.This paper is aimedto figure out the light guiding opportunities of both technologies. For this different kind of structures are built by FLM and SLA. To compare both manufacturing technologies, the layout of each structure is identical for both technologies. After manufacturing, the transmission and the attenuation of the guided light of these structures areanalyzed by measurement.Then the measurement results of the different technologies are compared with each other.}}, author = {{Beyer, Micha and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production engineering and management : proceedings 8th international conference, October 04 and 05, 2018, Lemgo, Germany}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-03-0}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Optical sensors, SLA technology, FLM technology}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{70--82}}, title = {{{Comparsion of FLM and SLA Processing Technologies Towards Manufacturing of Optical Waveguides for Communicationi and Sensing Applications}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @misc{11134, author = {{Stübbe, Oliver and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic Manufacturing}}, editor = {{von Freymann, Georg and Herkommer, Alois M. and Flury, Manuel}}, issn = {{1996-756X}}, location = {{Strasbourg, France}}, publisher = {{SPIE}}, title = {{{Applying fused layer modeling technologies to print embedded 3D optical waveguide structures for communication and sensor applications}}}, doi = {{10.1117/12.2306910}}, volume = {{10675}}, year = {{2018}}, } @misc{4908, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Cepin, Simon and Koch, Jan-Niklas}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{Abschlussbericht zum Projekt Luftstrom (Luftgekühlte Wide Band Gap-Leistungselektronik und Mechatronik) : BMBF-Verbundvorhaben im Rahmen einer Initiative der NPE - AG1 Cluster 2 : Teilprojekt Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe: Untersuchung der leistungselektronischen Komponenten, von Entwärmungstechnologien und Aufbaukonzepten für Hochvolt-Bordnetzwandlern und Nebenaggregats-Wechselrichtern für Nutzfahrzeuge}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{4020, abstract = {{Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) are developed to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. The transmission is a core component in PHEVs since it defines the interaction between the internal combustion engine and the electric motors. Due to the complexity of PHEVs, a model-based development is carried out for novel transmission concepts, which takes the overall powertrain into account, as well. In this contribution, an approach for the model-based development of transmission concepts for PHEVs is presented. It incorporates the development and evaluation of new concepts as well as the development and test of corresponding controllers. Since each step of the development requires a powertrain model with an appropriate level of detail, an automatic model generation is used to enable an efficient workflow. This contribution focuses on the development of new transmission concepts only. It comprises an optimization of the number of gears and transmission ratios for an exemplary transmission. As a result of the proposed approach a novel transmission concept for PHEVs including a model-based evaluation is presented.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Zubke, T. and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Los Angeles, CA, USA }}, pages = {{1637 -- 1642}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Model-Based Development of Transmission Concepts for Hybrid Electric Powertrains}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{4031, abstract = {{Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are developed in order to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Besides the series, parallel and power split configurations are commonly used for conventional hybrid electric vehicles, and multimode transmissions are used for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which are able to switch between different modes like parallel or series operation of the combustion engine and electric motor. Several concepts have already been discussed and presented. These concepts comprise novel structures and multi-speed operation for the combustion engine and the electric motor, respectively. For improving the fuel and energy consumption, model-based optimizations of multimode transmissions are performed. In the first step of the optimization, the optimal number of gears and transmission ratios, as well as the corresponding fuel and energy savings, are estimated. Based on these results, a new multimode transmission concept with two-speed transmissions for the combustion engine and the electric motor has been developed. The knowledge of the concrete concept enables the further optimizations of the transmission ratios and the transmission control. In order to prove the benefit of the new and optimized transmission concept, powertrain simulations have been carried out. The new powertrain concept is compared to a powertrain concept with single-speed transmissions for the internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motor operation. The new transmission concept enables a significant improvement of the fuel consumption.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Meier, A. and Schulte, Thomas}}, journal = {{World Electric Vehicle Journal}}, location = {{Stuttgart}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{12}}, publisher = {{MDPI}}, title = {{{Model-Based Optimization of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Multimode Transmission}}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{4272, abstract = {{In this paper, concepts for an extended DC network for the main power supply of components from various manufacturers in industrial production are presented. In the first part, detailed requirements for such a network are given from the viewpoint of a customer. Based on those, different concepts for AC/DC conversion and energy management are discussed. As far as AC/DC conversion is concerned, the advantages and drawbacks of several rectifier topologies are listed, as they have a significant impact on the system behavior and EMC properties. An intelligent energy management can improve the energy efficiency and reduce downtimes of a plant, which are major requirements from a customer's viewpoint.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Kuhlmann, Timm and Weis, Benno and Leonide, Andre}}, booktitle = {{2017 IEEE Second International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)}}, isbn = {{9781509044795}}, location = {{Nuremburg, Germany}}, title = {{{Concepts for a DC network in industrial production}}}, doi = {{10.1109/icdcm.2017.8001049}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{573, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have not only revolutionized product development and design by enabling rapid prototyping. They also gained influence on production in general, mainly because of their direct manufacturing capabilities. In the context of Industry 4.0 and the related process automation, innovative and advanced production technologies with completely new approaches are required [1]. AM technologies contribute to this with their advantages like freedom of design, cost efficient product individualization, and functional integration. On the other hand, AM still shows shortcomings in exploiting its full potential. Most current AM technologies are only applicable for manufacturing with singular materials. In particular, opportunities for processing of optically or electrically conductive materials are still missing. This paper contributes to the advancement of additive manufacturing of two different material variants or even two completely different materials. A special focus is laid on producing a part that combines mechanical with optical or electrical functionalities in one process step. The ultimate goal is to integrate sensor functionalities into an AM object, e.g. strain gauges. Extrusion processes, predominantly Fused Layer Modeling (FLM), are preferred in this research due to their mechanically simple machine setup in which additional functional materials can be adapted easily to the build process. In a first step, the general manufacturability has been evaluated. Thereafter, the resulting optical transmission properties have been analyzed. Especially the attenuation has to remain below a threshold value to accomplish a minimum signal-to-noise ratio.}}, author = {{Ehlert, Patrick and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-01-6}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Electrical conductors, Embedded systems, FLM technology, Sensors}}, location = {{Pordenone, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{127--136}}, title = {{{Investigation on the Direct Manufacturing of Waveguides and Sensors Using FLM Technology}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{4906, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Otte, Raphael and Windmann, Stefan and Köster, Markus and Stichweh, Heiko and Grabs, Volker and Ehlich, Martin and Hohnsbein, Thorsten}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{Intelligente Antriebs- und Steuerungstechnik für die energieeffiziente Intralogistik}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{4907, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Jerwan, Benjamin}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{Abschlussbericht zum Projekt MintEA, Miniaturisierung und Hochintegration von Elektronik in Energie- und Antriebstechnik}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{4915, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Steup, D. and Therolf, M. and Tolksdorf, A.}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{Schlussbericht zum Verbundprojekt itsowl-HERA : Hochintegrierter Elektronikmotor mit rotierender Antriebselektronik (itsowl-HERA)}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{4916, author = {{Wettlaufer, Jan and Borcherding, Holger and Hohnsbein, Thorsten}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{InSeL - Inhärent Störungsarme Leistungselektronik : BMBF-Verbundprojekt : Abschlussbericht : Titel des Teilvorhabens: "Integration der störungsarmen Leistungselektronik in Industrieumrichter"}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{4917, author = {{Bolte, S. and Cherkerzova, R. and Kaiser, Mario and Peters, A. and Spanier, Patrick and Böcker, J. and Borcherding, Holger}}, publisher = {{TIB Hannover}}, title = {{{Schlussbericht zum Verbundprojekt: Energieeffizienz in intelligenten technischen Systemen (itsowl-EE) : der Universität Paderborn, Hochschule OWL, Lemgo, Fraunhofer Lemgo, Universität Bielefeld}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @misc{3970, author = {{Schulte, Thomas}}, title = {{{Umlaufgetriebe}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4021, abstract = {{Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are developed to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Besides the series, parallel and power split configurations as commonly used for conventional hybrid electric vehicles, multimode transmissions are in particular used for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which enable to switch between different modes like parallel or series operation of combustion engine and electric motor. Based on cost efficient configurations of multimode transmissions, improved concepts have already been discussed and presented. These concepts comprise novel structures and multi-speed operation for the combustion engine or the electric motor, respectively. For improving the fuel and energy consumption, a simulation based optimization of a multimode transmission is applied. Since the development of corresponding transmission models is a time-consuming and error-prone task, a method for an automated generation of transmission models is present in this contribution. The generated transmission models are integrated into an overall stationary powertrain model, which is used to optimize an operating strategy and the gear ratios of a multimode transmission with respect to fuel and energy consumption. The optimization is applied to a two and a three speed transmission for the internal combustion engine and to a two speed transmission for the electric motor. Afterwards, the optimization results as well as the fuel and energy saving results are presented.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Herber, Sebastian and Hildebrandt, Willy and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016) : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles}}, isbn = {{978-1-5108-6958-5}}, location = {{Busan, South Korea }}, publisher = {{Curran Associates, Inc.}}, title = {{{Powertrain Simulation and Optimization of a Multimode Transmission}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4022, author = {{Herber, Sebastian and Horst, J. and Gassmann, T. and Hldebrandt, W. and Haupt, J. and Abbenhaus, M. and Werkhausen, M. and Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen and Geng, Stefan and Hegger, C.}}, booktitle = {{36th FISITA World Automotive Congress (FISITA 2016) : Creative Thinking for Future Automobiles}}, isbn = {{978-1-5108-6958-5}}, location = {{Busan, South Korea }}, publisher = {{Curran Associates, Inc.}}, title = {{{“Phevplus” - Efficient Plug-in- Hybrid Systems with MRF-Coupling Technology}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4023, abstract = {{Modular power inverter systems for auxiliary drives in utility vehicles can meet various different customer requirements. A model based approach can be used for validating the thermal design of those systems in any suitable modular configuration. This contribution is focused on an equivalent lumped thermal network model for a modular inverter system on a given heat sink concept. The proposed network representation is based on spatial splitting of the heat sink geometry whereby the lumped network elements are parametrized by means of the heat sink geometry. Since the proposed network is easy and straightforward, a minimum of variables are introduced to adjust the temperature results empirically with FEM results on certain reference operation points. Furthermore, modularity is considered due to the coolant and therefore, customer specific placement of modules can be investigated. Finally, the proposed model is compared with FEM results of a worst case system configuration, the influence of the introduced adjustment variables is shown and further validation results with thermal measurements and FEM results of different system configurations are given.}}, author = {{Brose, M. and Düerkop, C. and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Karlsruhe}}, pages = {{1 --10}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Model based Thermal Evaluation of a Modular Power Inverter System}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4024, abstract = {{For investigating combined grid systems including electrical, thermal and chemical grids, a scientific approach based on Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is carried out where models as virtual energy components are coupled with experimental facilities. In this contribution, a bidirectional fuel cell system is described in detail as a virtual energy component considering the bidirectional fuel cell, the power inverter and the local management. For modelling the bidirectional cell, the electrochemical domain is considered by a physical-based approach in a first step. Common models for unidirectional fuel cells or electrolysis cells are discussed regarding the applicability for bidirectional cells. Afterwards, the DC-DC converter as part of the overall power inverter is considered for modelling. A novel averaged model for the dual active bridge based on the method by Sanders and Verghese is presented. Finally, the overall model and local management of such systems are discussed.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen}}, issn = {{2166-9546 }}, location = {{Bydgoszcz, Poland }}, pages = {{186 -- 191}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Electrodynamical modelling of bidirectional fuel cell systems for HIL simulations of combined grid systems}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inbook{4025, abstract = {{Power electronic devices are growing in importance in automotive applications. Power converters are used in hybrid electric vehicles, but also in other vehicle applications like electric steering systems for example. For testing electronic equipment, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is a today’s standard method in the automotive industry and other fields, as well. This contribution provides an overview of different average modeling methods for the real-time simulation of power electronics, which are necessary for hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The average models are described and evaluated by the criteria computation effort, algorithmizability, generalizability and platform usability. The results are summarized to give hints to development engineers for choosing a suitable modeling approach for hardware-in-the-loop simulation of their specific applications.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{Simulation and Testing for Vehicle Technology}}, editor = {{Gühmann, C. and von Rüden, K.}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-32345-9}}, location = {{Berlin}}, pages = {{319 -- 342}}, publisher = {{Springer International Publishing }}, title = {{{Average Models for Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{4188, author = {{Bendig, Tom and Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{0019-9036}}, journal = {{Industrieanzeiger}}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{48 -- 50}}, publisher = {{Konradin-Verl.}}, title = {{{Teillast vollständig beherrschen. Energieeffizienz im Fokus von Industrie 4.0}}}, volume = {{138}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{4189, author = {{Bendig, Tim and Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{1867-2590}}, journal = {{Mechatronik. Design Entwicklung Integration}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{14 -- 16}}, publisher = {{Informationsgesellschaft Technik}}, title = {{{Teillast beherrschen. Energieeffizienz für Industrie 4.0 betrachtet}}}, volume = {{124}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4260, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Stuckmann, Tim and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2016}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-4186-1}}, location = {{Nuremberg}}, pages = {{1639 -- 1646}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{High Efficient Flyback Converter with SiC-MOSFET}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4292, abstract = {{This paper introduces an efficient modular solution kit for intralogistic drives, which reduces the total energy consumption of all drives in an automated warehouse by more than 15%. The reduction of energy consumption results from the interaction of optimized components (motors, control techniques and regeneration units), which are described in detail in this paper. Different motor concepts like the induction motor, the synchronous reluctance motor and the permanent magnet synchronous machine are compared according to the special requirements for intralogistics applications. Different control techniques are presented in order to achieve sensorless and efficient-optimal operation of these motors. The sensorless control technique uses signal injection to detect the rotor position sufficiently exact also in case of speed near standstill. Efficient-optimal operation is achieved by reducing the motor current with regard to the torque (MTPA-control). Furthermore this paper introduces a regeneration unit that can be connected between the DC link of frequency inverters and the mains to feed back regenerative energy. The regeneration unit consisting of a buck converter, a synchronous inverter and a line-filter can work in parallel to commonly used uncontrolled rectifiers. Its functioning is shown with the help of measurement results of a 1kW laboratory prototype. The last section shows a demonstrator in which a conventional conveyer system (with induction motor and braking resistor) is compared with an optimized one using the presented components. Power versus time measurements show specific energy savings resulting from the interaction of the optimized components.}}, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger and Stichweh, H. and Grabs, V.}}, booktitle = {{2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)}}, location = {{Karlsruhe, Germany }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{High efficient modular drive system — An ideal approach for green intralogistics applications}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4293, abstract = {{Three different control methods for a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor are presented and compared to each other. The control schemes include rotor-fixed approaches known as Field Orientated Control and stator-fix approaches like Direct Torque Control and Indirect Self Control. Simulations are carried out and are compared to measurement results.}}, author = {{Jonsky, T. and Borcherding, Holger and Szymanski, P. and Wettlaufer, P. and Theßling, M.}}, booktitle = {{2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)}}, location = {{Karlsruhe, Germany }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Comparison of control methods for H-bridge fed five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (peer reviewed!)}}}, doi = {{10.1109/EPE.2016.7695572}}, year = {{2016}}, } @book{4895, author = {{Nerreter, Wolfgang and Flegel, Georg and Birnstiel, Karl and Borcherding, Holger and Meier, Uwe}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-44496-6}}, publisher = {{Carl Hanser Verlag}}, title = {{{Elektrotechnik für Maschinenbau und Mechatronik}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{4012, abstract = {{Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption and consequently the emission of carbon dioxide. The fuel consumption of those systems depends significantly on the topology of the powertrain and the applied control strategy. For testing and improving the control strategy in terms of the overall system efficiency, Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation can be applied. In order to operate the corresponding electronic control units in a virtual environment, it emulates the behavior of the actuator and sensor signals by a real-time simulation of the powertrain. Developing those powertrain models is a time-consuming task, due to high dynamics and high switching frequencies of the electrical subsystem and due to the large diversity of powertrain configurations. The electrical subsystem comprises the electric motor, inverter and battery whereas the different powertrain configurations are composed of the transmission, the combustion engine, the electric drives, etc.. Additionally, the correct power flow and losses within the powertrains components must be considered when HIL simulation is intended to be used for improving the control strategy.In this contribution a method for modeling arbitrary combinations of clutches and various types of gears is presented which enables an efficient modeling of transmission systems. The obtained models are real-time capable and the correct power flows and losses are considered. The method is applied to a powertrain with a two mode power-split transmission, which is a typical example comprising electric drives as well as shifting clutches. Finally simulation results will be presented.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas}}, issn = {{2167-4205}}, journal = {{SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains }}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{34 -- 45}}, publisher = {{SAE International}}, title = {{{Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid Electric Vehicles}}}, volume = {{4}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4014, abstract = {{In this contribution, a model-based method for analysing and designing energy systems comprising the electrical, thermal and chemical domain is presented. Beside the energy generation and consumption, the bidirectional coupling between all energy domains is considered, as well. This method is an adapted variant of the so called Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation where virtual energy components are combined with geographically distributed real energy components. In order to integrate the real components with minimal instrumentation efforts, measured quantities are included as information flows, only, while the physical power flows are connected to local available grid structures. The virtual energy components are represented by real-time capable models describing their physical behaviour. In this contribution, a CHP unit is described as a virtual energy component. The modelling approach is based on a time domain approach using state variables of the multiple domains to describe the dynamic behaviour. Afterwards, the model is parameterized by datasheet specifications and measurement data of several CHP units with different power ratings. Based on these results, a method for scaling the proposed CHP model is presented. Especially for parameter studies, this method allows a simple adaption of a general parameterized CHP model. Moreover, a method for scaling such models with respect to the modelling depth is proposed and exemplarily applied to the electrical generator of the CHP model. This scaling method enables the model adaptations for different simulation purposes like detailed investigations of single structures and holistic investigations of large combined grid systems.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{ International ETG Congress 2015 ; Die Energiewende - Blueprints for the new energy age}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-4121-2}}, location = {{Bonn}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Methods for scaling a physical based CHP model for HIL simulation of smart combined grid systems}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4016, abstract = {{Power electronic devices are growing in importance in automotive applications. Power converters are used in hybrid electric vehicles but also in other vehicle applications like electric steering systems for example. For testing electronic equipment, hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today's standard method in the automotive industry. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation requires a real-time capable model of the plant but the development of those models of power electronic circuits is still an ambitious task due to the switching of the semiconductors devices. In this contribution, a FPGA-based hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a rectifier with power factor correction will be presented. First a short introduction on modelling methods for real-time simulation of power electronics and the rectifier with power factor correction is given. Furthermore, the modeling of the rectifier and the power factor correction stage and the simulation algorithm are described. Finally, the implementation of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation and measurement results from the real plant are presented and compared to the simulation results.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Geneva, Switzerland}}, pages = {{1 -- 8}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{FPGA-based hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a rectifier with power factor correction}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4017, abstract = {{In diesem Beitrag wurde eine Vorgehenswelse vorgestellt, mit der echtzeitfähige Modelle beliebiger Konfigurationen von Übersetzungen, Kupplungen und weiteren mechanischen Elementen kombiniert mit Elektromotoren erstellt werden können. Außerdem berücksichtigen diese Modelle die Verlustleistungen im System und können somit zur Auslegung von Betriebsstrategien am HIL-System verwendet werden. Die Vorgehenswelse ist in vier Schritte unterteilt und unter Matlab/Slmulink implementiert. Durch die Wahl dieser in der HIL-Simulation weitverbreiteten Modellierungsumgebung können weitere Matlab/Simullnk basierte Streckenmodelle eingebunden werden und die zur HIL-Simulation benötigte Kopplung zu den Steuergeräteschnittstellen effizient durchgeführt werden. Aufgrund einer graphischen Darstellung der Systeme und einer halbautomatisierten Erstellung der Modelle ist der Ansatz entsprechend flexibel gegenüber Systemmodifikationen. Die Modellierungsmethode wurde anhand von Simulationen für einen Beispielantriebsstrang validiert.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Brose, M. and Schulte, Thomas}}, publisher = {{VDI Verlag}}, title = {{{Konfigurierbare und Echtzeitfähige Modelle von Getrieben mit gekoppelten Elektromotoren unter Berücksichtigung korrekter Verlustleistung}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4018, abstract = {{In this contribution, a model-based method for analyzing and designing energy systems comprising the electrical, thermal and chemical domains is presented. Beside the energy generation and consumption, the bidirectional coupling between all energy domains is considered, as well. This method is an adapted variant of the so called Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation where virtual energy components are combined with geographically distributed real energy components. In order to integrate the real components with minimal instrumentation efforts, measured quantities are included as information flows, only, while the physical power flows are connected to local available grid structures. This virtual coupling has the further advantage of a simple scalability so that existing real components can be used for different applications. The virtual energy components are represented by real-time capable models describing their physical behavior. In this contribution, a CHP unit is described as a first virtual energy component. The modeling approach is based on a time domain approach using state variables of the multiple domains to describe the dynamic behavior. Furthermore, the model is scalable regarding the modeling depth and the power ratings which allows an application for different simulation scenarios. Besides the modeling of a standalone CHP unit, its integration into a simulated electrical grid is discussed as well. Afterwards, the overall model is parameterized and validated with data of a medium size CHP unit. Finally, the model is used for simulations of an exemplary electrical grid.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen}}, issn = {{2148-7847}}, journal = {{Journal of Thermal Engineering}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{467 -- 487}}, publisher = {{Yildiz Technical University }}, title = {{{A holistic modeling and simulation approach to optimize a smart combined grid system of different renewable energies}}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inbook{4019, abstract = {{Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages wurde die Notwendigkeit intelligenter, gekoppelter Verbundsysteme diskutiert und ein wissenschaftlicher Ansatz zur Optimierung solcher Systeme vorgestellt. Der Ansatz basiert auf einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung im Rahmen einer Echtzeitsimulation mit gekoppelten realen Komponenten. Zur virtuellen Koppelung wird ein Simulationsmanager eingesetzt, der eine Skalierung der realen Komponenten erlaubt. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache Adaptierung von realen und simulierten Komponenten an das jeweils betrachtete Szenario. Als eine erste simulierte Komponente wurde eine KWK-Anlage untersucht und bezüglich der elektrischen, thermischen, mechanischen und chemischen Domänen modelliert. Das Gesamtmodell berücksichtigt das Verhalten des Verbrennungsmotors, des Synchrongenerators und der Wärmeübertrager. Mit Hilfe von Messgrößen einer realen KWK-Anlage wurde im Anschluss das Gesamtmodell validiert. Die generierten Simulationsergebnisse weisen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den erhobenen Messdaten auf. Aktuell werden weitere Energiekomponenten untersucht, um Energiesysteme ganzheitlich optimieren zu können. Dieser Beitrag ist im Rahmen des vom Land NRW geförderten Forschungsschwerpunktes „Intelligente Energiesysteme (IES)“ im Projekt „Smart Energy Village“ entstanden.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Griese, Martin and Pawlik, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Detmolder Bauphysiktag 2015}}, editor = {{Schwickert, Susanne}}, isbn = {{978-3-8440-3484-4}}, pages = {{117 -- 126}}, publisher = {{Shaker Verlag}}, title = {{{Smart Energy Village – Ein Forschungsansatz für die Energieversorgung der Zukunft}}}, volume = {{2015}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4039, abstract = {{Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of power electronic devices is growing in importance in diverse fields. For testing the electronic control units in automotive applications hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today's standard method. It is also applied for many industrial applications like power converters and electric drives. Anyway real-time capable models of power electronics are required. In this contribution, a novel approach for real-time simulation of power electronic circuits comprising fast FPGA-based output models is presented. Two types of modeling circuits are described and compared to each other. Both methods do not fulfill the requirements of the novel approach to combine the advantages of the processor- and FPGA-based simulation. Hence, parts of both methods were combined. Additionally, the switching event detection was improved for low latency reaction and a correction method based on average control is described. The simulation results matches to the reference very well. Therefore the novel approach Is an interesting alternative for hardware-in-the-loop simulation when the algorithm of the electronic control unit requires a very fast reaction on switching events.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Brose, Manuel and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe, International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2013}}, isbn = {{978-1-62993-308-5}}, pages = {{1688 -- 1695}}, publisher = {{Curran Associates, Inc.}}, title = {{{Novel Approach for Real-time Simulation of Power Eiectronic Circuits Comprising Fast FPGA-based Output Modeis}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4089, author = {{Pawlik, Thomas and Griese, Martin and Dohmann, Joachim and Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Antalya, Türkei}}, title = {{{Concept of a bidirectional Power-to-X Process System for technical and economical Investigations of Conversion and Storage Technologies}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4241, author = {{Mambetow, Artur and Neufeld, Ruben and Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{1868-5919}}, journal = {{Ingenieur-Spiegel}}, number = {{April}}, pages = {{41}}, publisher = {{Public Verlagsgesellschaft und Anzeigenagentur mbH}}, title = {{{Drehzahlvariabler Betrieb von Blockheizkraftwerken – Ein Konzept mit vielen Vorteilen}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4242, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{1612-6475}}, journal = {{automation}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{34 -- 35}}, publisher = {{Heinrich Publikationen GmbH}}, title = {{{Holzbearbeitung 4.0}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4243, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{1614-6514}}, journal = {{Holz- und Möbelindustrie Deutschland : Informationen für die Wirtschaft}}, number = {{März}}, pages = {{19}}, publisher = {{Kuhn}}, title = {{{Besser bohren - Projekt optimiert Bohrprozess in der Holzbearbeitung}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4244, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, journal = {{antriebstechnik}}, number = {{08}}, pages = {{42 -- 45}}, publisher = {{Vereinigte Fachverlage}}, title = {{{Auf dem Weg zum "mitdenkenden" Antrieb}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4245, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{0016-4232}}, journal = {{Galvanotechnik : das Innovationsmagazin }}, number = {{09}}, pages = {{1808 -- 1812}}, publisher = {{Leuze}}, title = {{{Ostwestfalen-Lippe: Elektronikprototypen von der Hochschule}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4250, author = {{Ehlich, M. and Borcherding, Holger}}, journal = {{MASCHINENMARKT}}, number = {{KW 15}}, title = {{{Selbstoptimierende Fertigung wird Real}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4262, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Cepin, Simon and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2015 : High voltage module with low internal inductance for next chip generation - next High Power Density Dual (nHPD2)}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3924-0}}, location = {{Nuremberg}}, pages = {{1519 -- 1526}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Compact and Cost-efficient Power Regeneration System for Voltage Source Converters}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @book{4283, abstract = {{IEC TS 62578:2015 describes the operation conditions and typical characteristics of active infeed converters (AIC) of all technologies and topologies which can be connected between the electrical power supply network (lines) a.c. side and a constant current or voltage type d.c. side and which can convert electrical power (active and reactive) in both directions (generative or regenerative). The following is excluded from the scope: - Requirements for the design, development or further functionality of active infeed applications. - Probability of interactions or influences of the AIC with other equipment caused by parasitic elements in an installation or caused by poor electronic design as well as their mitigations. - 'Overhead line' power supply networks because of lack of information (measurements) of their three phase impedances. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) IEC TS 62578, in its revised version includes observed values out of practical applications for emission values below 150 kHz. b) Therefore the document has been extended compared to the first edition, several detailed analysis results are given in the extended Annexes. c) Design recommendations have been derived from the international working group by an assessment of the power supply impedances between 2 kHz and 9 kHz, a comprehensive analysis of the withstand capability of power capacitors against harmonic currents injected by AIC, immunity tests of equipment and considerations about shifted resonances in the power supply network with increased population of undamped filter capacitors. }}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, pages = {{240}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{IEC TS 62578: 2015 }}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{10224, abstract = {{Optical interconnects on printed circuit board level are a promising choice to support high bandwidth for short distance interconnects. These interconnects consists of highly multimode step index waveguides with rectangular core cross sections. Therefore ray tracing is an excellent method to determine the optical path parameters, e.g. optical power, ray path lengths and local ray directions. Based on these parameters the step response, the transient transfer function and the coupling behavior can be calculated. Classical ray tracing methods calculates the optical path parameters of each ray by successively computing internal reflections until a termination condition is reached. Therefore the computing time depends on the number of internal reflections. If the optical waveguide consists of cascaded straight and curved segments, e. g. point-to-point interconnects, one can use the analytic ray tracing method to determine the optical path parameters. The whole path parameters of each ray are determined by one analytical computation. The computing time depends on the number of segments. The analytic ray tracing method is unusable to determine ray path parameters of segments with varying core cross sections, e.g. tapers, crossings, splitters and combiners.}}, author = {{Stübbe, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{Optical Interconnects XVII}}, editor = {{Schröder, Henning and Chen, Ray T.}}, issn = {{0277-786X}}, location = {{San Francisco}}, publisher = {{SPIE}}, title = {{{Semi-analytic ray tracing method for time-efficient computing of transmission behavior of PCB level optical interconnects with varying core cross sections}}}, doi = {{10.1117/12.2076931}}, volume = {{9368}}, year = {{2015}}, } @book{4901, author = {{Borcherding, Arnold and Heidemann, Klaus and Nerreter, Wolfgang}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-44268-9}}, issn = {{978-3-446-44337-2 }}, pages = {{159}}, publisher = {{Carl Hanser Verlag}}, title = {{{Aufgaben : 120 Aufgaben mit Lösungen }}}, volume = {{3}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{269, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann}}, location = {{München}}, title = {{{ Energieeffiziente Intralogistik – Optimale Nutzung generatorischer Energie durch neuartiges modulares Netzrückspeisekonzept}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @misc{3971, author = {{Schulte, Thomas}}, title = {{{Echtzeit-Schaltungssimulation}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4002, abstract = {{Power electronic devices are growing in importance in automotive applications. Power converters are used in hybrid electric vehicles but also in other vehicle applications like electric steering systems for example. For testing electronic equipment, hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today’s standard method in the automotive industry. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation requires a real-time capable model of the plant but the development of those models of power electronic circuits is still an ambitious task due to the switching of the semiconductors devices. Real-time simulation usually requires a fixed step-size which does not allow classic zero crossing detection algorithms. Depending on the chosen real-time platform, the minimum possible step-size of the real-time simulation is limited and requires special algorithms for an appropri-ate and precise simulation of these high dynamic systems. In this contribution, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a rectifier with power factor correction will be presented. First a short outline on modelling methods for real-time simulation of power electronics is given and an approach for determining the model as well as the necessary assumptions and simplifications are described. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop bench is described and measurement results from the real plant and the simulation results are compared.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Berlin}}, title = {{{HIL Simulation of a Rectifier with Power Factor Correction}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4008, abstract = {{Due to the increasing energy demand and shortage of fossil fuels, the energy systems will be transformed from mainly centralized into more decentralized systems, also incorporating more renewable energy. However, optimizing the control and structure of these systems is rather complex. A method for analyzing and planning of such systems is an adapted variant of the so called Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation. This approach comprises virtual energy components as models combined with data from experimental components. As a virtual energy component, a simulation model describing the physical behavior of CHP units is proposed in this contribution. The modeling approach is based on a time domain approach using state variables of the multiple domains to describe the dynamic behavior. For instance, the first law of thermodynamics is applied to model the thermal quantities. Furthermore, the model is scalable regarding the modeling depth and the power ratings which allows an application for different simulation scenarios. Finally, the overall model is parameterized and validated with data of a medium sized CHP plant.}}, author = {{Griese, Martin and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen}}, location = {{Istanbul}}, pages = {{189 -- 200}}, publisher = {{Academia.edu}}, title = {{{Scalable model of a CHP unit for HIL simulation of a smart combined grid system}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4009, abstract = {{Virtual commissioning (VC) is used to test control code deployed on Programmable Logical Controllers. Simulation models of a plant are the core of any VC approach. Simulation models should represent the plant in a way so that the correct process execution can be tested under customers’ conditions. Simulation models of a plant are usually not built monolithically, but by many partial simulation models that represent the modules or components of the investigated plant. To ensure that the VC is efficient and provides helpful results, these partial simulation models can be implemented at different levels of detail, depending on the current test scenario. Usually, the definition of the modules’ and components’ level of detail is fixed. However, situations exist where more than one level of detail can be adequate. A dynamically adaptable level of detail seems beneficial to e. g. keep computing time at a reasonable level and to ensure meaningful results of the plants simulation model. However, no method or approach exists so far to handle a dynamically adaptable level of detail. This paper discusses potentials and challenges of a dynamically adaptable level of detail and shows possible solution contributions that could yield benefits for a VC approach.}}, author = {{Riediger, W. and Puntel-Schmidt, P. and Köslin, F. and Schulte, Thomas}}, issn = {{2196-677X }}, journal = {{at - Automatisierungstechnik}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{111 -- 120}}, publisher = {{DeGruyter}}, title = {{{Validierung von Steuerungscode mit Hilfe automatisch generierter Simulationsmodelle}}}, volume = {{63}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4010, author = {{Riediger, W. and Puntel-Schmidt, P. and Köslin, F. and Schulte, Thomas}}, journal = {{SPS IPC Drives }}, publisher = {{Springer-VDI-Verl.}}, title = {{{Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation fertigungstechnischer Anlagen}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4011, abstract = {{Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption and consequently the emission of carbon dioxide. The fuel consumption of those systems depends significantly on the topology of the powertrain and the applied control strategy. Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation can be used for improving the control strategy, where a real-time model of the powertrain with accurate consideration of the power losses is required. Developing those models is a time-consuming task due to the high dynamics and switching frequencies of the electrical subsystem and the various configurations of the mechanical subsystem. In this contribution methods for an efficient modeling of transmission systems and electric drives are presented. Real-Time capability as well as the correct power flows and losses are considered. Finally, simulation results are shown.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Brose, M. and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)}}, location = {{Coimbra}}, pages = {{1 -- 8}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Correct Power Flow and Losses in Real-Time Simulation of HEV Powertrains}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4013, abstract = {{Der Simulation kommt im Rahmen einer durchgehenden digitalen Fabrikplanung immer größere Bedeutung zu. Eine Möglichkeit, die Qualität sowie Termintreue bei der Erstellung von automatisierten fertigungstechnischen Anlagen sicherzustellen, stellt die Absicherung des Steuerungscodes mit einer virtuellen Inbetriebnahme (VIBN) dar. Jedoch ist der für eine VIBN zwingend notwendige Modellbildungsprozess oftmals mit hohen Aufwänden verbunden, die das Einsparpotential einer VIBN oftmals übertreffen und dem Nutzen einer Simulation insgesamt entgegenstehen. Eine mögliche Lösung könnte die automatische Simulationsmodellgenerierung fertigungstechnischer Anlagen sein. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, wie aus Anlagenstrukturdaten, dargestellt im objektorientiert aufgebauten Datenaustauschformat AutomationML, Simulationsmodelle fertigungstechnischer Anlagen in der objektorientierten Modellierungssprache Modelica automatisch generiert werden können. Das generierte Modell läuft anschließend auf einer auf einem Standard-PC basierenden Hardware-in-the-Loop-Plattform und wird mit der mit der realen Steuerung verbunden, so dass diese virtuell in Betrieb genommen werden kann. Beispielhaft wird die VIBN einer unstetigen Fördertechniklösung als typisches Beispiel einer fertigungstechnischen Anlage gezeigt.}}, author = {{Puntel-Schmidt, P. and Fay, A. and Riediger, W. and Schulte, Thomas and Köslin, F. and Diehl, S.}}, issn = {{2405-8963}}, journal = {{IFAC-PapersOnLine}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{69 -- 74}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{Validierung von Steuerungscode fertigungstechnischer Anlagen mit Hilfe automatisch generierter Simulationsmodelle}}}, volume = {{48}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4193, abstract = {{In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode zur numerischen Berechnung von Stromoberschwingungen vorgestellt. Zunächst werden die Auswirkungen von Stromoberschwingungen und die Notwendigkeit einer solchen Berechnungsmethode erörtert. Auf der Basis von Ersatzschaltbildern werden die Betriebszustände erklärt und die notwendigen Gleichungen zur Berechnung der Zwischenkreisspannung und des Netzstroms aufgezeigt. Dann folgt eine Beschreibung des entwickelten Berechnungsalgorithmus; der es ermöglicht die Netzströme und Stromoberschwingungen zu konstruieren. Zur Validierung der Berechnungen werden Vergleichsmessungen aufgezeigt und mit den Berechnungsergebnissen verglichen.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Koch, Jan-Niklas}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband / AALE 2014 : das Forum für Fachleute der Automatisierungstechnik aus Hochschulen und Wirtschaft}}, isbn = {{978-3-8356-7142-3}}, location = {{Regensburg}}, pages = {{103 -- 112}}, publisher = {{Dt. Industrieverl.}}, title = {{{Numerische Berechnung von Stromoberschwingungen nichtlinearer Verbraucher}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inbook{4195, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Mambetow, Artur}}, booktitle = {{EMV, Internationale Fachmesse & Workshops für Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3577-8}}, pages = {{645 -- 652}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Erstellung einer IEC 62578 konformen Netznachbildung und Erfahrung in der Auslegung und Anwendung}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4248, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, location = {{Hannover}}, title = {{{Energieeffiziente Antriebs- und Steuerungstechnik für die Intralogistik}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4249, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, issn = {{1615-8512}}, journal = {{Computer & Automation}}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{90 -- 94}}, publisher = {{WEKA Fachmedien GmbH }}, title = {{{Die energieeffiziente Intralogistik}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4263, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Studen, C. and Borcherding, Holger and Böcker, J.}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe 2014 : 1200V 4H-SiC Trench Devices}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3603-4}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{1529 -- 1536}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Indirect Current Source Inverter with Regenerative Snubber Circuit}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @book{4273, author = {{Gausemeier, J. and Trächtler, A. and Schäfer, W. and Borcherding, Holger}}, isbn = {{978-3446436305}}, pages = {{309}}, publisher = {{Hanser}}, title = {{{Semantische Technologien im Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme: Effektiver Austausch von Lösungswissen in Branchenwertschöpfungsketten}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4274, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann}}, booktitle = {{Smarter world : solutions for a smarter world }}, isbn = {{978-3-645-50133-0}}, location = {{München}}, publisher = {{WEKA Fachmedien GmbH}}, title = {{{Energieeffiziente Intralogistik – Optimale Nutzung generatorischer Energie durch neuartiges modulares Netzrückspeisekonzept}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @misc{4290, author = {{Mambetow, Artur and Borcherding, Holger}}, publisher = {{ Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe}}, title = {{{Erstellung einer IEC 62578 konformen Netznachbildung und Erfahrung in der Auslegung und Anwendung}}}, doi = {{10.15488/5457}}, year = {{2014}}, } @misc{9135, abstract = {{In diesem Beitrag wird die Konstruktion einer IEC62578 ed. 2 konformen Netznachbildung für die Messung der leitungsgeführten Störaussendung von Active Infeed Convertern zwischen 2 und 9 kHz beschrieben. Die Auswirkungen durch Streuung von Bauteilwerten konnte durch Simulationen als unkritisch beurteilt werden. Durch gezielte Anpassung von Parametern konnte die Entkopplung von der lokalen Netzimpedanz verbessert und der zu betrachtende Frequenzbereich an die geforderten Grenzen angepasst werden. Nach der Montage der Netznachbildung belegten Messungen am realen Netz die Funktion. Um Erfahrung mit der Netznachbildung zu gewinnen, sollen im Lauf des Jahres 2014 in Kooperation mit Industriefirmen verschiedene AIC vermessen werden, um weitere Erfahrung zu gewinnen.}}, author = {{Mambetow, Artur and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{ Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit emv : Internationale Fachmesse und Kongress für Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit. Düsseldorf, 11.-13.03.2014.}}, editor = {{Garbe, Heyno}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, pages = {{ 645--653}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Erstellung einer IEC 62578 konformen Netznachbildung und Erfahrung in der Auslegung und Anwendung}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.15488/5457}}, year = {{2014}}, } @misc{13023, abstract = {{Transducers based on dielectric electroactive polymers (DEAP) use electrostatic pressure to convert electric energy into strain energy or vice versa. Besides this, they are also designed for sensor applications in monitoring the actual stretch state on the basis of the deformation dependent capacitive-resistive behavior of the DEAP. In order to enable an efficient and proper closed loop control operation of these transducers, e.g. in positioning or energy harvesting applications, on the one hand, sensors based on DEAP material can be integrated into the transducers and evaluated externally, and on the other hand, the transducer itself can be used as a sensor, also in terms of self-sensing. For this purpose the characteristic electrical behavior of the transducer has to be evaluated in order to determine the mechanical state. Also, adequate online identification algorithms with sufficient accuracy and dynamics are required, independent from the sensor concept utilized, in order to determine the electrical DEAP parameters in real time. Therefore, in this contribution, algorithms are developed in the frequency domain for identifications of the capacitance as well as the electrode and polymer resistance of a DEAP, which are validated by measurements. These algorithms are designed for self-sensing applications, especially if the power electronics utilized is operated at a constant switching frequency, and parasitic harmonic oscillations are induced besides the desired DC value. These oscillations can be used for the online identification, so an additional superimposed excitation is no longer necessary. For this purpose a dual active bridge (DAB) is introduced to drive the DEAP transducer. The capabilities of the real-time identification algorithm in combination with the DAB are presented in detail and discussed, finally.}}, author = {{Hoffstadt, Thorben and Griese, Martin and Maas, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Smart Materials and Structures}}, issn = {{1361-665X}}, keywords = {{dielectric electroactive polymer, identification algorithm, self-sensing, DEAP sensor}}, location = {{Snowbird, UT}}, number = {{10}}, publisher = {{IOP Publishing}}, title = {{{Online identification algorithms for integrated dielectric electroactive polymer sensors and self-sensing concepts}}}, doi = {{10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104007}}, volume = {{23}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4003, abstract = {{Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. In order to support this aim, the applied control strategy can be improved by testing and developing the electronic control units by means of Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation. For the simulation, a corresponding real-time model of the powertrain is required. The development of the model is a time-consuming task due to the high dynamics and switching frequencies in the electrical subsystem, comprising the electric drives, inverter and battery and due to the various configurations of the mechanical subsystem, comprising the transmissions. In this contribution, a method for an efficient modeling of different transmission configurations for power-split systems and different types of inverter is presented. Besides the required real-time capability, the models consider the correct power flows and power losses. The presented approach is proven by means of simulation results.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas}}, issn = {{2405-8963}}, journal = {{IFAC Proceedings Volumes}}, location = {{Tokyo}}, number = {{21}}, publisher = {{Elsevier Science}}, title = {{{Real-Time Models of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrains}}}, volume = {{46}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4004, abstract = {{Power electronic devices are important in almost all industrial sectors. Power converters are used for electric drive systems in the production of an automation industry, in the automotive industry, as power supplies in telecommunications or for power conversion in power supply systems. For testing such electronic equipment, hardware-in-the-loop simulation is almost a standard method today, especially in the automotive industry, which always requires a real-time simulation of the plant. For testing the electronic control units of power electronics, real-time capable models of power electronic circuits need to be developed, accordingly. In the previously published contribution [10] different modeling methods were described and an algorithm was developed, which can be used to simulate power electronic circuits in real-time. Based on this algorithm and the automated generation of such models ([10]), further improvements for reducing the memory usage, increasing the degree of parallelization and improving accuracy are described in this paper. However, the presented approaches and modifications as well as the studies on correction methods for switching events and the preprocessing can be applied to other algorithms.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Riediger, W. and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Lile, France}}, pages = {{1 -- 10}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Advanced Preprocessing and Correction-Methods for automated Generation of FPGA-based Simulation of Power Electronics}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inbook{4005, abstract = {{Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of power electronic devices is growing in importance in diverse fields. For testing the electronic control units in automotive applications hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today's standard method. It is also applied for many industrial applications like power converters and electric drives. Anyway real-time capable models of power electronics are required. In this contribution a novel approach is presented, which applies simplified and FPGA-based output models for significantly improving the feedback dynamics of a hardware-in-the-loop simulation of power electronic devices.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Brose, M. and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{International Exhibition & Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management (PCIM Europe 2013) }}, isbn = {{978-1-62993-308-5 }}, location = {{Nuremburg, Germany }}, pages = {{1688 -- 1695}}, publisher = {{Curran Associates, Inc.}}, title = {{{Novel Approach for Real-time Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits Comprising Fast FPGA-based Output Models}}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4197, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Böker, J.}}, booktitle = {{Konferenz für Angewandte Automatisierungstechnik in Lehre und Entwicklung (AALE)}}, isbn = {{978-383-56336-4-3}}, pages = {{257 -- 266}}, publisher = {{Dt. Industrieverl.}}, title = {{{Energierückspeisung bei Frequenzumrichtern mittels neuartiger Leistungselektronik}}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{4199, author = {{Niggemann, Oliver and Borcherding, Holger and Köster, Markus and Windmann, Stefan and Ehlich, Martin}}, issn = {{1436-4980}}, journal = {{Werkstattstechnik : wt}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{416 -- 422}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Energieeffizienz in der Intralogistik : Elektrische Antriebstechnik - intelligent und nachhaltig}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inbook{4201, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{Industrie 4.0 : Beherrschung der industriellen Komplexität mit SysLM}}, editor = {{Sendler, Ulrich}}, isbn = {{978-3-642-36916-2}}, pages = {{55 -- 72}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Der mittelständische Maschinenbau - flexibel und höchst innovativ auch in der Systementwicklung}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4203, author = {{Bursch, Dennis and Riegel, Adrian and Borcherding, Holger and Akemeier, Volker}}, booktitle = {{Production engineering and management proceedings 3rd international conference 26th and 27th September 2013 Trieste, Italy}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-941645-09-7}}, location = {{Trieste, Italy}}, pages = {{91 -- 102}}, title = {{{INTELLIGENT DRILLING- DIRECT-DRIVEN, SELFOPTIMIZING HIGH-SPEED DRILLING SPINDLES FOR FURNITURE INDUSTRY}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4205, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger and Böcker, Joachim}}, booktitle = {{PCIM Europe, International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2013}}, isbn = {{978-1-62993-308-5}}, pages = {{1358 -- 1365}}, publisher = {{Curran}}, title = {{{Design and Practical Evaluation of a Power Regeneration System for Voltage Source Converters}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @misc{4207, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Studen, Christian and Klöpper, Björn and Siekmann, Lennart}}, pages = {{82}}, publisher = {{Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung}}, title = {{{Energieeffizienzsteigerung bei drehzahlgeregelten elektrischen Antrieben durch neuartige Leistungselektronik. Abschlussbericht zum Projekt E-DEAL}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @misc{4239, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Verfahren und Schaltung für den mehrphasigen Betrieb eines Elektromotors}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @misc{4240, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines digitalen Signals}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @book{4275, author = {{Baum, Gerhard and Borcherding, Holger and Broy, Manfred and Huber, Anton S. and Eigner, Martin and Kohler, Herbert and Russwurm, Siedfried}}, editor = {{Sendler, Ulrich}}, isbn = {{978-3-642-36916-2 }}, publisher = {{Springer Vieweg Verlag}}, title = {{{Industrie 4.0 : Beherrschung der industriellen Komplexität mit SysLM}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4276, abstract = {{In the presented work, the detection of anomalous energy consumption in hybrid industrial production systems is investigated. A model-based approach with a timed hybrid automaton as overall system model is employed for anomaly detection. The approach is based on the assumption of several system modes, i.e. phases with continuous system behavior. Transitions between the modes are attributed to discrete control events such as on/off signals. The underlying discrete event system which comprises both system modes and transitions is modeled as finite state machine. The focus of this paper is set on the modeling of the energy consumption in the particular system modes. Sequences of stochastic state space models are employed for this purpose. Model learning and anomaly detection for this approach are considered. The proposed approach is further evaluated in a small model factory. The experimental results show significant improvements compared to existing approaches to anomaly detection in hybrid industrial systems.}}, author = {{Windmann, Stefan and Jiao, Shuo and Niggemann, Oliver and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{11th International IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics}}, location = {{Bochum}}, pages = {{194 -- 199}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{A Stochastic Method for the Detection of Anomalous Energy Consumption in Hybrid Industrial Systems}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4896, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger and Böcker, J.}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings / PCIM Europe / International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion Renewable Energy and Energy Management, Nuremberg, 14 - 16 May 2013. Organizer: Mesago PCM GmbH Stuttgart }}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-4186-1}}, keywords = {{Automatisierungstechnik}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{1639 -- 1646}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verl.}}, title = {{{ Design and Practical Evaluation of a Power Regeneration : System for Voltage Source Converters}}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{3973, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Puschmann, F. and Kiffe, Axel}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Leistungselektronikmodelle für Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{3974, abstract = {{Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. In order to support this aim, the applied control strategy can be improved by testing and developing the electronic control units by means of Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation. For the simulation, a corresponding real-time model of the powertrain is required. The development of the model is a time-consuming task due to the high dynamics and switching frequencies in the electrical subsystem, comprising the electric drives, inverter and battery and due to the various configurations of the mechanical subsystem, comprising the transmissions. In this contribution, a method for an efficient modeling of different transmission configurations for power-split systems and different types of inverter is presented. Besides the required real-time capability, the models consider the correct power flows and power losses. The presented approach is proven by means of simulation results.}}, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{West Yorkshire (Großbritannien)}}, title = {{{Real-Time Models of Hybrid Powertrain Transmissions}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{3975, abstract = {{Power electronic devices are growing in importance in automotive applications. Power converters are used in hybrid electric vehicles but also in other vehicle applications like electric steering systems. For testing electronic equipment, hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a today's standard method in the automotive industry. It always requires a real-time simulation of the plant. For testing the electronic control units of power electronics, real-time capable models of power electronic circuits need to be developed, accordingly. This paper presents an approach for an automated generation of a FPGA-based oversampling model of power electronic circuits. Two types of modeling methods for considering the nonlinear switching behavior will be compared. For applying the oversampling approach a generator is presented, which automates a FPGA-based implementation of the circuit model. The approach is proven by simulation and measurement results.}}, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2012 Proceedings of the 15th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, location = {{Novi Sad (Serbien)}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Automated Generation of a FPGA-based Oversampling Model of Power Electronic Circuits }}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{3997, author = {{Kiffe, Axel and Geng, S. and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Duisburg}}, publisher = {{Springer Fachmedien GmbH}}, title = {{{Herausforderung der HIL-Simulation für Hybrid- und Elektrofahrzeuge}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{4006, abstract = {{Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is today a standard method for testing electronic equipment in the automotive industry. Since electric drives and power electronic devices are more and more important in automotive applications, these kinds of systems have to be integrated into the hardware- in-the-loop simulation. Power converters and electric drives are used in many different applications in vehicles today (hybrid electric or electric powertrain, electric steering systems, DC-DC converters, etc.). The wide range of applications, topologies, and power levels results in various different approaches and solutions for hardware-in-the-loop testing. This paper gives an overview of hardware-in-the-loop simulation of power electronics and electric drives in the automotive industry. The currently available technologies are described and future challenges are outlined.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Kiffe, Axel and Puschmann, F.}}, issn = {{1450-5843}}, journal = {{ELECTRONICS}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{130 -- 135}}, publisher = {{Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Banja Luka }}, title = {{{HIL Simulation of Power Electronics and Electric Drives for Automotive Applications}}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{4007, author = {{Geng, Stefan and Schulte, Thomas}}, location = {{Brussels}}, title = {{{Hybrid Powertrain Transmission Models for HIL-Simulation}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @misc{4238, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Schaltungsanordnung für einen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{4041, abstract = {{This paper describes challenges and possible solution of hybrid electrical vehicles test systems with a special focus on hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test bench. The degree of novelty of this work can be seen in the fact that development and test of ECU for hybrid electrical powertrains can move more and more from mechanical test benches with real automotive components to HIL test systems. The challenging task in terms of electrical interface between an electric motor ECU and an HIL system and necessary real-time capable simulation models for electric machines have been investigated and partly solved. Even cell balancing strategies performed by battery management systems (BMU) can be developed and tested using HIL technology with battery simulation models and a precise cell voltage simulation on electrical level.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Schulze, Tino and Sauer, Jörg}}, issn = {{0148-7191}}, journal = {{SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition, April 2011}}, title = {{{Hybrid Drivetrain Simulation for Hardware-in-the-Loop Applications}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{4042, abstract = {{Using electric motors for complex and increasingly safety-critical functions in vehicles re-quires comprehensive testing to be performed during system development. This applies above all to the innovative drive concepts used in hybrid and electrical vehicles. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation has become a standard method for testing the software functions for these. There are various interfaces that are suitable for connecting the electronic control unit to the hardware-in-the-loop simulator for systems with electric drives. Test systems that reproduce the physical electrical signals (currents and voltages) at the ECU connectors are also increasingly required. This paper presents several concepts for simulating electric drives by means of electronic load emulation. Particular attention is paid to simulating high-power (> 10 kW) and high-voltage (> 100 V) electric drives.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Bracker, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{IFAC Symposium “Advances in Automotive Control (AAC 2010)}}, location = {{München}}, title = {{{Real-Time Simulation of Electric Drives by Electronic Load Emulation}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @article{4043, abstract = {{Die zukünftig zunehmende Elektrifizierung des Antriebsstrangs erfordert die Entwicklung neuer elektrischer Antriebs- und Regelungskonzepte. Die hierfür notwendigen Steuergeräte und Regelalgorithmen werden deutlich komplexer. Tests der neuen innovativen Technologien an Prüfständen und Prototypfahrzeugen sind kosten- und zeitaufwändig. Deshalb setzen die Entwickler während der gesamten Entwicklung modellbasierte Entwicklungsverfahren ein. Für den Test der Steuergeräte und insbesondere ihrer Software hat sich dabei die Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL)-Simulation sowohl bei den Zulieferern als auch bei den Fahrzeugherstellern als Standardwerkzeug in der Elektronikentwicklung etabliert.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Plöger, Markus and Holthaus, Nils}}, issn = {{0939-5326}}, journal = {{Automobil-Elektronik : das Automotive-Magazin von all-electronics}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{46 -- 47}}, publisher = {{Hüthig}}, title = {{{E-Motoren : Hardware-in-the-Loop-Test mit voller Leistung}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inbook{4045, abstract = {{Moderne Industrieantriebe beinhalten unterschiedliche durch den Benutzer konfigurierbare Funktionen. Darüber hinaus sind mit lediglich einer Typenserie eine bemerkenswerte Zahl von Kombinationen aus Leistungsendstufen. Motoren, Sensoren und Kommunikationsschnittstellen mögHch. Trotzdem werden heute sehr hohe Anforderungen an die Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit der Systeme gestellt. wobei die dazu notwendigen umfangreichen Tests des vollständigen Funktionsumfangs unter unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen extrem zeit-und kostenintensiv sind. Die Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation (HIL) wird bereits seit mehreren Jahren erfolgreich für Tests automotiver Steuergeräte eingesetzt und kann auch im Bereich der industriellen Antriebstechnik zu einer signifikanten Kostensenkung beitragen. HIL-Simulation ermöglicht automatisiertes Testen mit reproduzierbaren, zuverlässigen Ergebnissen. Das modellbasierte Testen eröffnet außerdem eine gegenüber mechanischen Prüfständen extrem hohe Flexibilität und ermöglicht Tests in ansonsten kritischen Betriebszuständen. Dieser Beitrag stellt unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen für die Hardware-in-theLoop- Simulation von elektrischen Antrieben dar. die bei den notwendigen Tests eine effiziente Kostensenkung ermöglichen. Sie werden bereits erfolgreich für automotive Anwendungen wie z. B. Hybrid-Fahrzeuge eingesetzt. lassen sich aber auch sehr gut auf Industrieantriebe übertragen.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Puschmann, Frank and Wertz, Harald}}, booktitle = {{Elektrische Automatisierung - Systeme und Komponenten : SPS/IPC/Drives 2010, Fachmesse & Kongress, 23. - 25. Nov. 2010, Nürnberg ; [Tagungsband] }}, isbn = {{ 9783800733125}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{215 -- 223}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Hardware-in-the-loop-Simulation für elektrische Antriebssysteme}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{4068, abstract = {{Die Nutzung früher Patente zur elektrisch/elektrischen Energieumwandlung mittels piezoelektrischen Effekts (z. B. Rosen-Transformator, 1958, s [1]) scheiterte letzlich an den fehlenden technologischen Voraussetzungen sowohl seitens der piezoelektrischen Werkstoffe als auch seitens der leistungselektronischen Bauelemente für hohe Schaltfrequenzen. Erst seit Mitte der 80er-Jahre konnten mit PZT-Keramiken (PZT: BLeizironat-Titanit) erflogreich piezowlektrische Transformatoren entwickelt werden. und seit etwa der Mitteder 90er Jahre angewendet werden. Durch die intensive Forschung und Weiterentwicklung im Bereich der piezoelektrischen Wandler sowie im Bereich der Leistungselektronik und ihrer Komponenten erscheinen pizoelektrische Transformatoren heute bei einer Vielzahl von typischen leistungselektronischen Anwendungen als geeingnete Alternative zu herkömmlichen Transformatoren. Dieser Aufastz beinhaltet eine Zusammenfassung des Stades der Technik und Entwicklungsperspektiven piezoelektrischer Transformatoren aus leistungselektrischer Sicht.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Kauczor, Christopher and Grotstollen, Horst}}, title = {{{Piezoelektrische Transformatoren- Schaltungen und Anwendungen}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @misc{4211, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Verfahren und Schaltung für den mehrphasigen Betrieb eines Elektromotors}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{4277, author = {{Balzer, E. and Borcherding, Holger and Garbe, H.}}, location = {{York, Groß-Britannien}}, title = {{{The influence of the control of an Active Front End on the conducted emission}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{4278, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Hohnsbein, T.}}, booktitle = {{SPS/IPC/DRIVES 2011 : Elektrische Automatisierung - Systeme und Komponenten}}, editor = {{Bender, K.}}, isbn = {{978-3800733798}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, pages = {{491 -- 500}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Energieeffizienz : Getriebebehafteter oder -loser Antrieb in der Fördertechnik}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @misc{3972, author = {{Schulte, Thomas}}, title = {{{Schaltung zur Nachbildung einer elektrischen Last}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{4047, abstract = {{Die aus derAutomobilelektronik bekannte Hardware-in-the-Loop-SimulationzumTesten der Hard-und SoftwarevonSteuergeräfen hält nun auch Einzug in die Testlabare der Herste/lervon elektrischen Antrieben. HILSimulation bedeutet hier, dass einer zu testenden Serienrege/einrichtung eine nicht real vorhandene Rege/strecke über ein Echtzeitsystem mit entsprechender Peripherie simuliert wird. Der damit erreichte Automatisierungsgrad bei der Durchführung von Softwajetests erschließt erhebliche Einsparpotentiafe und ermöglicht kürzere Entwicklungszeiten.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Wertz, Harald}}, issn = {{0341-2652}}, journal = {{Antriebstechnik}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{16 -- 19}}, publisher = {{Vereinigte Fachverl.}}, title = {{{Im virtuellen Testlabor : Echtzeitsimulation von Antrieben eraffnet Einsparpotentiale}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{4212, author = {{Balzer, Eugen and Borcherding, Holger and Grabe, Heyno}}, booktitle = {{EMV 2010: Internationale Fachmesse und Kongress für Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit 09.-11.März 2010}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3206-7}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Messung der Netzimpedanz im Frequenzbereich bis 20 kHz und Analyse der Oberschwingungen bis zur 200. Harmonischen in verschiedenen Niederspannungsnetzen.}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{4213, abstract = {{Currently there are general limits for conducted emissions only in the frequency range up to 2 kHz [1],[2] and above 150 kHz [3]. Limits for the frequency range from 2 kHz to 9 kHz are in discussion. Because of this mentioned gap in the standards there is an uncertainty how to design filters and disturbance sources like converters. For finding limits investigations are necessary on mains impedances and harmonics. There are older publications on mains impedances (e. g. [4], [5]), but they include only measurements of impedances between one phase and neutral conductor and no measurements of impedances between the phases. This is important for three-phase loads. Furthermore in [4] no measurements were made in industrial mains and the investigations were carried out more than one decade ago. Especiaily in the last years the electrical environment in the mains has changed because of the increasing number of self-commutated converters. Accordingly, much higher amplitudes for harmonics in the upper frequency range are identifiable. In this paper current investigations on mains impedances and harmonics are presented which were carried out in universities, companies and private houses. The results could be used as a base for finding limits and for designing filters and disturbance sources economicaily.}}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Balzer, Eugen and Garbe, Heyno}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings - PCIM Europe 2010}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3229-6}}, location = {{Exhibition Centre Nuremberg}}, pages = {{631 -- 635}}, title = {{{Measurements of mains impedances in the frequency range up to 20 kHz and analysis of harmonics up to 10kHz in low voltage mains}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{3998, abstract = {{Die Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation (HiL) zählt als ein Standardwerkzeug in der Elektronikentwicklung, wobei sich der Test am HiL-Simulator vom Test einzelner Funktionen über den Komponententest bis hin zum Integrationstest ganzer Steuergeräte-Netzwerke erstreckt. Bei der HiL-Simulation werden dem zu testenden Steuergerät Sensorsignale vorgegeben, die in Echtzeit aus einem dynamischen Simulationsmodell der Steuergeräteumgebung erzeugt werden. Die Steuergeräte-Ausgangssignale als Reaktion auf die Eingangssignale dienen dem Echtzeit-Modell als Eingangsgrößen, wodurch das Steuergerät am Labortisch so betrieben werden kann, als wäre es im echten Fahrzeug eingebaut. Die HiL-Simulation wird hier auf mechatronische Steuergeräte angewandt, bei denen Sensoren und/oder Aktoren integriert sind. Die HiL-Simulation für die elektrische Servolenkung wird auf einem mechanischen Prüfstand mit Belastungseinrichtung und auf elektrischer Leistungsebene für Software und elektrische Funktion des Lenksystems vorgenommen. Für die Prüfung eines ESP-Steuergeräts wird eine 3D-Bewegungsplattform verwendet, auf deren Basis der interne Sensorcluster mechanisch stimuliert werden kann. über eine Verkopplung des Prüfstandes an ein HiL-System mit Fahrdynamikmodell kann eine physikalisch richtige Simulation des Fahrmanövers vorgenommen werden.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Plöger, M. and Filgerdamm, A.}}, isbn = {{1614-0125}}, journal = {{Elektronik automotive}}, number = {{3}}, publisher = {{WEKA Fachmedien}}, title = {{{Mechatronik-Test: HiL-Simulation für mechatronische Systeme aus den Bereichen Fahrdynamik und elektrische Servolenkung}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @article{4049, abstract = {{Die Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation (HiL) zählt als ein Standardwerkzeug in der Elektronikentwicklung, wobei sich der Test am HiL-Simulator vom Test einzelner Funktionen über den Komponententest bis hin zum Integrationstest ganzer Steuergeräte-Netzwerke erstreckt. Bei der HiL-Simulation werden dem zu testenden Steuergerät Sensorsignale vorgegeben, die in Echtzeit aus einem dynamischen Simulationsmodell der Steuergeräteumgebung erzeugt werden. Die Steuergeräte-Ausgangssignale als Reaktion auf die Eingangssignale dienen dem Echtzeit-Modell als Eingangsgrößen, wodurch das Steuergerät am Labortisch so betrieben werden kann, als wäre es im echten Fahrzeug eingebaut. Die HiL-Simulation wird hier auf mechatronische Steuergeräte angewandt, bei denen Sensoren und/oder Aktoren integriert sind. Die HiL-Simulation für die elektrische Servolenkung wird auf einem mechanischen Prüfstand mit Belastungseinrichtung und auf elektrischer Leistungsebene für Software und elektrische Funktion des Lenksystems vorgenommen. Für die Prüfung eines ESP-Steuergeräts wird eine 3D-Bewegungsplattform verwendet, auf deren Basis der interne Sensorcluster mechanisch stimuliert werden kann. über eine Verkopplung des Prüfstandes an ein HiL-System mit Fahrdynamikmodell kann eine physikalisch richtige Simulation des Fahrmanövers vorgenommen werden.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Plöger, Markus and Filgerdamm, Andreas}}, issn = {{0013-5658}}, journal = {{Elektronik automotive : Magazin für Entwicklungen in der Kfz-Elektronik und Telematik}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{36 -- 39}}, publisher = {{WEKA}}, title = {{{Mechatronik-Test : HiL-Simulation für mechatronische Systeme aus den Bereichen Fahrdynamik und elektrische Servolenkung.}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @book{4215, author = {{Nerreter, Wolfgang and Flegel, Georg and Birnstiel, Karl and Borcherding, Holger and Meier, Uwe}}, isbn = {{978-3-446-41906-3}}, pages = {{347}}, publisher = {{Carl Hanser Verlag}}, title = {{{Elektrotechnik für Maschinenbau und Mechatronik}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4216, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{Internationaler ETG-Kongress 2009 (ETG-FB 118) : Fachtagung 1: Intelligente Netze / Fachtagung 2: Leistungselektronik in Netzen}}, editor = {{Kreusel, J.}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3194-7}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, pages = {{399 -- 402}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Über den Inhalt der IEC 62578 DTS: Technical Specification: Operations and Characteristics of activeinfeed converter applications}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4217, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Teisch, Arthur and Obernolte, Urs}}, booktitle = {{Internationaler ETG-Kongress 2009 (ETG-FB 119) : Fachtagung 3: Direktantriebe in Produktionsmaschinen und Industrieanlagen - Generatoren und Antriebe in regenerativen Kraftwerken / Fachtagung 4: Diagnostik elektrischer Betriebsmittel}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-3195-4}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, pages = {{103 -- 108}}, publisher = {{VDE-Verlag}}, title = {{{Verbesserte Energieeffizienz durch direktangetriebene winkelgeberlose drehzahlgeregelte Spindeln bei Mehrachsbohrköpfen für die holzverarbeitende Industrie}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4291, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, location = {{Düsseldorf}}, title = {{{Technical Specification: Operations and Characteristics of active infeed converter application}}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4051, abstract = {{This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for simulating BLDC motors. The test bench combines two key technologies; first an electric motor simulation on the electric interface level, which is not only based on control signals but also emulates real currents and voltages; secondly an FPGA-based (field-programmable gate array) electric motor model. The overall simulation concept represents a comprehensive simulation of the electric motor, which is therefore suitable for running controllers incorporating sensorless motor control. Thus it enables integrated hardware-in-the-loop testing for control units which could formerly only be tested by means of mechanical test benches.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Bracker, J.}}, pages = {{2195 -- 2200}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Real-time simulation of BLDC motors for hardware-in-the-loop applications incorporating sensorless control}}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{4052, abstract = {{In modern vehicles, electrical drives and power electronics are used to control a large variety of different applications. To operate these components electronic control units have to be designed and tested. To validate the software of the electronic control units hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a todaypsilas standard method. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation always comprises a real-time simulation of the plant, including actuator and sensor models. In case of an electronic circuit the plant consists of passive components like capacitors and inductors, usually assumed to be linear, and semi-conductors with nonlinear and discontinuous behavior. The following paper suggests classification criteria and compares different methods for real-time simulations of electronic circuits considering switching events. For evaluation theoretical considerations as well as simulation results are presented concerning differences in approaches.}}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas and Graf, C. and Weise-Emden, J.}}, pages = {{2829 -- 2834}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Real-time HIL-simulation of power electronics}}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inbook{4053, abstract = {{Die Verwendung von E-Motoren für komplexe und sicherheitskritische Funktionen in Fahrzeugen erfordert umfangreiche Tests bei der Systementwicklung. Dabei hat sich die HIL-Simulation (Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation) zum Testen der Softwarefunktionen als Standardwerkzeug etabliert. Bei Systemen mit Elektromotoren müssen besondere Anforderungen an die Simulationsumgebung gestellt werden. Diese ergeben sich aus der hohen Dynamik der elektrischen Größen, der relativ hohen elektrischen Leistungen, dem oft hohen Integrationsgrad der Steuergeräte-Hardware und der Einbindung der elektrlschen Antriebe in ubergeordnete Fahrzeugfunktionen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein System zur E-Motorsimulation auf elektrischer Leistungsebene vorgestellt. Dazu werden neben einer FPGA-basierten E-Motorsimulation hoch-dynamische elektronische Lasten verwendet.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Bracker, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{Steuerung und Regelung von Fahrzeugen und Mortoren : VDI-Berichte 2009}}, isbn = {{978-3-18-092009-2}}, pages = {{115 -- 124}}, title = {{{Echtzeitfähige Elektromotorsimulation mit realen Strömen und Spannungen für Hardware-in-the-Loop-Anwendungen}}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{4055, abstract = {{Electric drives are growing in importance in automotive applications, especially in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and in the vehicle dynamics area (steering systems, etc.). The challenges of real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation and testing of electric drives are addressed in this paper. In general, three different interface levels between the electric drive and the hardware-inthe-loop system can be distinguished: the signal level (1), the electrical level (2) and the mechanical level (3). These interface levels, as well as modeling and I/O-related aspects of electric drives and power electronics devices, are discussed in detail in the paper. Finally, different solutions based on dSPACE simulator technology are presented, for both hybrid vehicle and steering applications.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Wagener, Andreas and Wältermann, Peter and Schütte, Herbert}}, title = {{{Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Systems for Electric Motors in Advanced Powertrain Applications}}}, year = {{2007}}, } @inbook{4056, abstract = {{Hybridantriebe erweitern die bestehen Antirebstechnologien um eistungsfähige elektrische Maschinen und Speichervorrichtungen in verschiedenen Konfigurationen. Diese zusätzitchen Komponenten erhöhen Freiheitsgrade des gesamten Systems führen zu einer komplexen Verteilung auf mehrere Steuergeräte. Um dieser angestiegenen Komplexitat Rechnung zu tragen, muss die Entwicklungsumgebung sprechend angepasst werden. Hardware-in-the-Loop(HIL)Simulation ist im Entwicklungsprozess für einzelne Steuergeräte wle auch für den Test von Verbundsystemen eine etablierte Testmethode. Allerdings unterscheiden sich die Anforderungen an HIL Simulatoren für den Test von Steuergeräten für elektrische Antriebe deutlich von denen für z. B. Verbrennungsmotoren. Die Regelung eines elektrischen Antriebs erfordert eine signifikant höhere Echtzeitdynamlk, da diese mit 5 bis 20 kHz berechnet werden. Für die Echtzeitsimulation der elektrischen Mahschine ist somit eine optimierte I/O Schnittstelle entscheidend, die auf die spezifische Signale der Anwendung und das eingesetzte Echtzeit-Modell optimiert ist. Die Testumgebung muss für einen Verbund Steuergeräten ausgelegt werden, wobei diese entweder direkt angeschlossen oder simuliert werden.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Klahold, Jürgen and Wagener, Andreas}}, booktitle = {{Neue elektrische Antriebskonzepte für Hybridfahrzeuge}}, isbn = {{978-3-8169-2677-1}}, pages = {{388 -- 399}}, title = {{{Test elektrischer Antriebe für Hybridfahrzeuge mittels Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation}}}, year = {{2007}}, } @inproceedings{4058, abstract = {{Modern vehicles use Electronic Control Units (ECU), connected via Controller Area Network (CAN) to perform functions. Many of these functions are distributed across several ECUs. This network interconnection enables the sharing of sensors, calculated information and actuators. As new functionality is added, the number of ECUs and their complexity increase.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Adenmark, Mikael and Deter, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{SAE 2006 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress & Exhibition, October 2006, Rosemont, IL, USA, Session: Systems Engineering Part 1 of 2}}, title = {{{Testing Networked ECUs in a HIL Based Integration Lab}}}, year = {{2006}}, } @inbook{4059, abstract = {{Modern vehicles use Electronic Control Units (ECU), connected via Controller Area Network (CAN) to perform functions. Many of these functions are distributed across several ECUs. This network interconnection enables the sharing of sensors, calculated information and actuators. As new functionality is added, the number of ECUs and their complexity increase. This paper describes the values and possibilities of a Hardware-ln-the-Loop (HIL) based Integration Lab, which enables a wide range of automatic tests to be performed on networked ECUs. The Integration Lab is the complex rebuild of a Scania truck/bus, containing the ECU superset, for connecting and testing networked ECUs. It involves more than 30 ECUs and eleven CAN networks. For a complete system, where the variant fauna is as extensive as the Scania vehicle, and continuously growing in size, the need for testing increases, especially regarding testing different variants and regression testing. Manual testing is then no longer an option, since the need for testing, concerning both quality and quantity, increases above the limit of where manual testing is applicable. A manual test lab is often a good way to start testing ECUs on an early stage of the development and is relatively easily and fast built. But in the long run the need for an automated lab becomes obvious. In the beginning the output of an automated lab is less than that of a manual lab. When the output level reaches that of a manual lab it continues to climb past this level since test scripts written earlier will continue to be run each test round. The Integration Lab demonstrates that dSPACE Simulator technology is capable of handling huge vehicle networks far in excess of that of passenger cars.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Adenmark, Mikael and Deter, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{SAE-SP}}, isbn = {{978-0-7680-1827-1}}, pages = {{23 -- 31}}, title = {{{Testing networked ECUs in a HIL based Integration Lab.}}}, volume = {{2060}}, year = {{2006}}, } @inproceedings{4061, abstract = {{Varios desings of piezoelectric transformers are know, but due to the limitation of a finite miechanical structure only standing wave excitation in used up to now. This paper outlines a novel concept based on a travelling wave instead of standing wave exicitation, which allows a theoretical increase of power density by a factor √2. Theo theoretical basics as well as prototype of a travelling wave type piezoelectric transformer are presented.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Kauczor, Christopher and Grotstollen, Horst}}, booktitle = {{ACTUATOR 2004}}, location = {{Bremen}}, pages = {{395 -- 398}}, title = {{{Piezoelectric Transformer of Travelling Wave Type.}}}, year = {{2004}}, } @book{4063, abstract = {{Der Ultraschall-Wanderwellenmotor ist ein typischer Vertreter der Piezomotoren. Wanderwellenmotoren erzeugen relativ hohe Drehmomente bei niedrigen Drehzahlen, weshalb sie vor allem als getriebelose Direktantriebe interessant sind. Es existieren jedoch eine Reihe von prinzipbedingten Nachteilen, zu denen neben technologischen Aspekten insbesondere das nichtlineare und zeitvariante Systemverhalten und die relativ aufwendige Speisung mit Wechselspannung im Ultraschallbereich zählen. In dieser Arbeit werden Stromrichter und Antriebsregelungen für Wanderwellenmotoren entwickelt bzw. weiterentwickelt und bezüglich Leistungsfähigkeit und Aufwand gegenübergestellt. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der konzeptionellen Wechselwirkung zwischen Stromrichter und Regelung sowie anwendungsseitigen Anforderungen. Bei den Stromrichtern wird in erster Linie das übertragungsverhalten betrachtet, welches maßgeblich durch die Auslegung der Ausgangsfilter beeinflußt wird. Für die Leistungsfähigkeit der Antriebsregelung ist die Struktur der Regelkreise einschließlich der Meß- und Regelgrößenauswahl von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die wesentlichen Eigenschaften unterschiedlicher Konzepte werden vorgestellt und bewertet. Die Arbeit bietet einen überblick über geeignete Stromrichter- und Regelungskonzepte für Wanderwellenmotoren und kann potentiellen Anwendern als Grundlage für die Realisierung von Antrieben mit Wanderwellenmotor dienen. Aufgrund ähnlicher Wirkungsprinzipien lassen sich häufig an diesen Motoren gefundene Ergebnisse auch auf andere Typen von Piezomotoren sowie resonant-betriebene Piezoaktoren übertragen.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas}}, isbn = {{3-18-336321-6}}, pages = {{186}}, publisher = {{Beck}}, title = {{{Stromrichter- und Regelungskonzepte für Ultraschall- Wanderwellenmotoren}}}, volume = {{363}}, year = {{2004}}, } @misc{4231, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Verfahren zur Temperaturüberwachung eines Elektromotors}}}, year = {{2003}}, } @inproceedings{4064, abstract = {{For feeding piezoelectric ultrasonic motors different kinds of resonant converter concepts are well proven, but a common problem are their bulky and expensive resonant inductors. Therefore, power converters which do not require heavy inductors are of great interest. In this contrbution power converters with non-resonant output filters are investigated fpr reducing weight and volume ofe the magnetic components. The design of such a power converter for a travelling wave type ultrasonic type motor is presented. Implementation highlights like the design of the filters and the concept of an universal digital modulator are outlined and measured results are presented. Finally the concept is compared to resonant converters under consideration of weight, volume and efficiency.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, booktitle = {{ACTUATOR 2002}}, location = {{Bremen}}, pages = {{442 -- 445}}, title = {{{PWM-Converter for Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors.}}}, year = {{2002}}, } @inproceedings{4066, abstract = {{Ultrasonic piezoelectric converters (UPC) require adequate power supplies providing high frequency output voltage of several hundred volts and a total output power up to several kilowatts. Several concepts are conceivable but the potential of optimisation adopting a certain concept depends on the electrical terminal behaviour of the UPC. In this contribution the operating behaviour ofUPC is discussed with respect to their transfer function, the necessary excitation and their terminal behaviour. The latter definies the demands for the power supply, while considering different parameter combinations for bandwidth, quality and piezoelectric capacitance. The main part of this contribution is concerned with the development and realisation of a laboratory power supply for UPC, which is of resonant type.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert and Kauczor, Christopher}}, booktitle = {{ACTUATOR 2002}}, location = {{Bremen}}, pages = {{485 -- 488}}, title = {{{Resonant Power Converter for Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Converter.}}}, year = {{2002}}, } @misc{4237, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, title = {{{Kühlkörper für einen Frequenzumrichter}}}, year = {{2002}}, } @inproceedings{4070, abstract = {{Speed control strategies for piezoelectric drives have been presented by several authors. Beside various control strategies based on adaptive structures like MIAS, MRAS, neural nets or fuzzy control, a completely model based control system using an inner bending wave control and an outer speed control including a torque calculator for linearization has been presented. The paper deals with investigations and improvements of this torque calculator. The setpoint adjustment is focused to utilize the degrees of freedom for the bending wave values, which represents an additional potential for optimization of the performance of the drive system. Theoretical and experimental results confirm the advances.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics}}, pages = {{504 -- 509}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Improved setpoint adjustment for ultrasonic motors}}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{4071, abstract = {{Several types of piezoelectric motors are known to deliver few watts of mechanical output power.This paper deals with the design and development of a LLCC-resonant converter for a novel type ofhigh power piezoelectric motor of up to 4kW mechanical power being used in avionics. The devel-opment of a laboratory power supply became necessary, since suitable power supplies for testingthe novel piezoelectric motor during its breadboard stage are not available on the market. The gen-eral function of the LLCC-resonant converter which also provides a DC-offset voltage for avoidingdepolarisation problems is described, implementation highlights are outlined and the weight distri-bution is discussed with respect to future development of power converters for avionics.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert and Njiende, H. D.}}, booktitle = {{MAGELEC 2001}}, location = {{Toulouse, France}}, title = {{{Development of Power Converter for High Power Piezoelectric Motors.}}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{4073, abstract = {{Several types of piezoelectric motors are known to deliver few watts of mechanical output power.This paper deals with the design and development of a LLCC-resonant converter for a novel type ofhigh power piezoelectric motor of up to 4kW mechanical power being used in avionics. The devel-opment of a laboratory power supply became necessary, since suitable power supplies for testingthe novel piezoelectric motor during its breadboard stage are not available on the market. The gen-eral function of the LLCC-resonant converter which also provides a DC-offset voltage for avoidingdepolarisation problems is described, implementation highlights are outlined and the weight distri-bution is discussed with respect to future development of power converters for avionics.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, location = {{Perth, Australia}}, pages = {{507 -- 512}}, title = {{{Development of Power Converter for High Power Piezoelectric Motors.}}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{4075, abstract = {{Speed control strategies for piezoelectric driveshave been presented by several authors. Beside various con-trol strategies based on adaptive structures like MIAS,MRAS, neural nets or Fuzzy control, a completely modelbased control system using an inner bending wave controland an outer speed control including a torque calculator for linearization has been presented. This paper deals with investigations and improvements of this torque calculator. The setpoint adjustment is focused toutilize the degrees of freedom for the bending wave values, which represents an additional potential for optimization of the performance of the drive system. Theoretical and experi-mental results confirm the advances.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, location = {{Como, Italy}}, pages = {{504 -- 509}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Improved Setpoint Adjustment for Ultrasonic Motors.}}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{4077, abstract = {{A complete model-based control for traveling-wave-type ultrasonic motors is presented. The control scheme consists of inner control loops with respect to the oscillation systems, offering all meaningful degrees of freedom for adjusting the traveling bending wave, and outer control loops for torque and speed. After a brief review on modeling the actuator and presentation of a parameter identification method, the control scheme is developed and verified by measurements on a prototype drive system, several measures for the compensation of nonlinearities and temperature effects are developed, and achieved improvements are discussed with respect to the special properties of this novel actuator. Finally, the developed drive is applied to an "active control stick"}}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, booktitle = {{IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics}}, pages = {{165 -- 180}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Model-based control for ultrasonic motors}}}, year = {{2000}}, } @inproceedings{4078, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Grotstollen, Horst and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, booktitle = {{Conference Proceedings - ACTUATOR 2000}}, location = {{Bremen}}, pages = {{367 -- 370}}, title = {{{Control for Ultrasonic Motors with LLCC-Resonant Converter.}}}, year = {{2000}}, } @inproceedings{4080, abstract = {{A novel speed control for traveling wave type ultrasonic motors is presented and verified by measurements on a prototype drive, Based on an underlying bending wave control the nonlinear torque generation of the USM is compensated by an inverse contact model calculating the reference values of bending wave control under consideration of an optimized set point adjustment. For this task a basis function neural network is applied. By compensation of the nonlinearity the command behavior of the USM approaches that of conventional drives and proven speed control schemes can be implemented as further control loop, The novel speed control investigated offers excellent dynamic responses and is thus attractive for applications in the field of high performance servo systems.}}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas}}, pages = {{91 -- 96}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{High performance speed control for ultrasonic motors}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{4081, abstract = {{This paper gives a review of research activities at the Institute for Power Electronics and ElectricalDrives in Paderborn to the control of rotary travelling wave type ultrasonic motors. Based on a special designedhardware environment an advanced control scheme for inverter-fed travelling wave type ultrasonic motors is pre-sented. After several modelling steps, including an averaged model for the controller design, a speed control schemeis implemented on a prototype drive. It is realized as an outer control loop of an underlaid voltage and travellingbending wave vector controller. The novel speed control is using an inverse contact model by a neural network, inorder to compensate the nonlinear torque generation of the motor. The so equipped ultrasonic motor-drive meetsrequirements for applications in the field of servo-drives e.g. robotics. Since the reference values of the bendingwave control are calculated from the desired torque value by the neural network, open loop control of the drive´s torque is feasible, too. }}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas and Grotstollen, H. and Fröhleke, Norbert}}, location = {{Paderborn}}, pages = {{129 -- 143}}, title = {{{Model-Based Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors.}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{4083, abstract = {{An Active Control Stick (ACS) realized by a travelling wave type ultrasonic motor(USM) is presented. In contrast to the conventional side stick in modern aircrafts, which is onlyoperated by a passive mechanic feedback, forces can be reproduced artificially by an active con-trol stick. Ultrasonic motors are more compact as conventional electrical geared motors andcombine features such as high driving torque at low rotational speed and low noise in operationand low electromagnetic emission. In this paper a control schemes for an active control stickusing a rotary travelling wave type USM is presented which is already implemented and suc-cessfully tested for an one axis prototype version of an ACS within a cooperative project of theDepartment Research and Technology of the DaimlerChrysler AG in Frankfurt, SFIM Indus-tries and the Institute of Power Electronics and Electrical Drive of the University of Paderborn.}}, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Grotstollen, H. and Schöner, H.-P. and Audren, J.-T.}}, booktitle = {{Proc. of 3rd Int. Symposium on advanced Electromechanical Motion Systems (EM'99) ; 1}}, location = {{Patras, Greece}}, pages = {{583 -- 588}}, title = {{{Active Control Stick Driven by a Piezo Electric Motor}}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{1999}}, } @book{4210, author = {{Borcherding, Holger}}, isbn = {{3-89720-376-6}}, pages = {{117}}, publisher = {{Papierflieger Verl.}}, title = {{{Eigenschaften von Netzpulsstromrichtern mit eingeprägter Gleichspannung}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{4085, abstract = {{This paper deals with an advanced speed control scheme for inverter-fed travelling waveultrasonic motors. It is implemented as an additional outer control loop of an underlaid voltage andtravelling bending wave vector controller and verified by measurements on a prototype drive. Thenovel speed control is using an inverse contact model by a neural network, trained by measured valuesof speed and torque, in order to compensate the nonlinear torque generation of the motor. Since thereference values of the bending wave control are calculated from the desired torque value by the neu-ral network, first an open loop control of the drive ́s torque is feasible and second common speed con-trol schemes, well performing in common electrical drives, can be applied. Thus, the so equippedultrasonic motor-drive meets requirements for applications in the field of servo-drives e.g. robotics. }}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas and Grotstollen, H.}}, location = {{Harrogate (UK)}}, pages = {{701 -- 708}}, title = {{{Controlled Ultrasonic Motor for Servo-Drive Applications}}}, year = {{1998}}, } @inproceedings{4087, author = {{Schulte, Thomas and Maas, Jürgen and Grotstollen, Horst}}, booktitle = {{ACTUATOR 98}}, location = {{Bremen}}, pages = {{262-- 265}}, title = {{{High Performance Speed Control for Inverter-Fed Ultrasonic Motors Optimized by a Neural Network}}}, year = {{1998}}, } @inproceedings{3999, abstract = {{An optimized control scheme for the most advanced traveling wave type ultrasonic motor powered by a resonant power converter is presented and verified by measurements on a prototype drive. Basing on an averaged drive model, which reflects the slow dynamic behavior of the drive's ultrasonic oscillations by time varying fundamental Fourier coefficients, a cascaded two-phase vector control scheme is designed. The novel drive control divides into an inner voltage and outer bending wave control compensating couplings and suppressing the beat characteristics. Since an amplitude modulation is applied instead of frequency modulation, the well known pull out phenomenon is eliminated in general. By means of an online frequency adaptation to the stator's resonance, the drive's performance is optimized remarkably.}}, author = {{Maas, Jürgen and Schulte, Thomas and Grotstollen, H.}}, booktitle = {{IAS '97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting}}, isbn = {{0-7803-4067-1}}, location = {{New Orleans, LA, USA}}, pages = {{690 -- 698}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Optimized drive control for inverter-fed ultrasonic motors}}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{1997}}, }