@inbook{11373,
  abstract     = {{The topic of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) should be nowadays part of any engineering degree course in every university worldwide. In an increasingly digital and connected world, students and prospective engineers need to know the interrelationships of holistic product development. Excellent expertise in a discipline such as mechanical engineering is still necessary, but no longer sufficient. This article explains why this is the case and what universities can do to address this issue. It describes in detail the PLM course of the OWL University of Applied Sciences and Arts located in Lemgo, Germany. In addition, suggestions are made on how to improve the course content, based on many years of experience. As such, this article is a valuable source of information for anyone teaching PLM today or intending to do so in the future.}},
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Otte, Andreas}},
  booktitle    = {{Product Lifecycle Management (Volume 6) : Increasing the Value of PLM with Innovative New Technologies}},
  editor       = {{Stark, John}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-031-53520-8}},
  issn         = {{2197-6589}},
  pages        = {{215--231}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Nature Switzerland}},
  title        = {{{PLM in Engineering Education: Purpose and Challenges}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-031-53521-5_14}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@book{11666,
  abstract     = {{Den Knoten entwirren
Alles hängt mit allem zusammen. Was sich anhört wie eine Binsenweisheit, ist in der Industrie tägliche Praxis geworden. Komplexität und „Verschränktheit“ der Prozesse in Entwicklung und Produktion wachsen vielen Unternehmen über den Kopf. Der Durchblick geht verloren, die Kosten laufen davon.

Das muss nicht so sein. Wie man der grassierenden Komplexität mit Methode zu Leibe rückt, zeigt dieses elektronische Buch. Denn darum geht es in der Praxis: Trotz vermeintlich intelligenter Systeme im Unternehmen den Überblick behalten und die Komplexität beherrschen. 

Mittel zum Zweck ist ein Assistenzsystem, das im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes entwickelt wurde und jetzt für den Einsatz bereitsteht. Damit das System nicht übergestülpt, sondern schrittweise erlernt und wirklich gelebt werden kann, wird ein flankierendes Konzept zur Befähigung präsentiert.

Das Team um Herausgeber Andreas Deuter, seines Zeichens Professor an der Technischen Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (TH OWL), hat ein kompaktes und verständliches Buch verfasst. Ein echtes LOGiBit eben.}},
  author       = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Imort, Sebastian and Trojanowski, Christoph and Pankrath, Carolin}},
  editor       = {{Deuter, Andreas}},
  publisher    = {{LOG_X Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Den Überblick behalten }}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12992,
  abstract     = {{In today's technology-driven world, the need for interdisciplinary skills is increasing. This has become challenging in tertiary education to provide students with applicable knowledge of various fields. Anderson's Adaptive Control of Thought (ACT) theory suggests that universities have traditionally focused on imparting declarative knowledge, which involves memorization of facts and concepts. However, imparting the ability to apply such knowledge on individual students and create procedural knowledge is the challenge. This includes teachers dealing with a diverse range of student abilities, particularly at university-level where they teach the same course content to students with different levels of prior knowledge and, given the structure of modern education systems, the resources required to monitor and provide feedback for a number of decisions and attempts independently performed by the students. Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) have proven to be effective in addressing the aforementioned challenges by creating personalized learning environments that provide instant feedback, adapt to individual student needs, and promote the development of procedural knowledge. In the field of automation education at the university level, we are creating a 3D artificial intelligence (AI)-based ITS software named KIAAA (An AI Assistant for teaching in the field of automation), specifically designed to teach computer programming to students. KIAAA aims to assist students in transitioning from their abilities to procedural aptitude by providing personalized learning scenarios that allow them to apply their knowledge and receive immediate feedback. Our approach is based mainly on the pedagogical model of ITS, which focuses on creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment that promotes success for all students, regardless of their initial level of knowledge. One of the key aspects of our approach is the utilization of personalized learning. We propose a scheme that, subsequent to evaluate student's initial levels of procedural knowledge, creates 3D learning environments tailored to each individual student. By analyzing the solutions proposed by the students, we select the difficulty level of subsequent tasks. This approach takes into consideration student's discrete competence throughout the learning process, enabling them to progress on their prior knowledge. Additionally, the software provides customized feedback to each student on their performance, helping students identify areas that require improvement. Concepts for and implementations of ITS for a variety of fields, including introductory programming classes, have evolved for a long time. Our main contribution lies in presenting an end to end solution for ITS focused on teaching programming for automation students with realistically 3D simulated factory environments. While we strongly believe to have created a pedagogically sound, integrated intelligent teaching system for assisting programming classes in tertiary automation education, a robust user study for methodically evaluating our concept and implementation is still to be performed. Thus, we limit ourselves to presenting the underlying didactic concepts of KIAAA as a work in progress paper with a comprehensive evaluation to follow at a later date.}},
  author       = {{Ali, Asmar and Deuter, Andreas and Wehmeier, Leon}},
  booktitle    = {{FIE 2023 : College Station, TX, USA, October 18-21, 2023 : conference proceedings  / 2023 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)}},
  isbn         = {{979-8-3503-3643-6}},
  location     = {{Texas}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Personalized Learning in Automation: A 3D AI-Based Approach}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/fie58773.2023.10343228}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12993,
  abstract     = {{In computer science and related technical fields, researchers, educators, and practitioners are continuously automating recurring tasks for high efficiency in a wide variety of fields. In higher education, such tasks that educators face are the recurring review and assessment process of students' programming coursework. Thus, various attempts exist to automate the assessment and feedback generation for course homework and practicals in higher education. Those approaches for automated programming task assessment often comprise running automated tests to check for limited functional correctness and potentially style checking for various violations (LINTing). Educators familiar with large-scale automated task assessment are likely used to seeing hard-coded solutions specifically or accidentally designed to just pass the required tests, ignoring or misinterpreting the actual task requirements. Detecting such issues in arbitrary code is non-trivial and an ongoing research topic in software engineering. Software engineering research has yielded various semantic analysis frameworks, such as GitHub's CodeQL, which can be adapted for programming task assessment. We present a work-in-progress programming task analysis framework which employs CodeQL's analysis technology to identify the actual use of task-description-mandated syntactic and semantic elements such as loop structures or the use of mandated data blocks in branching conditions. This allows extending existing course work analysis frameworks to include a semantic check of an uploaded program which exceeds the relatively simple set of input-output test cases provided by unit tests. We use a running example of entry level programming tasks and several solution attempts to introduce and explain our proposed control flow and data flow -based analysis method. We discuss the benefits of including semantic analysis as an additional method in the automated programming task assessment toolbox. Our main contribution is the adaptation of an semantic analysis code framework to analyse syntactic and semantic components in students' programming coursework.}},
  author       = {{Wehmeier, Leon and Eilermann, Sebastian and Niggemann, Oliver and Deuter, Andreas}},
  booktitle    = {{FIE 2023 : College Station, TX, USA, October 18-21, 2023 : conference proceedings  / 2023 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)}},
  isbn         = {{979-8-3503-3643-6}},
  keywords     = {{Codes, Electronic learning, Soft sensors, Semantics, Education, Syntactics, Task analysis}},
  location     = {{Texas}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Task-fidelity Assessment for Programming Tasks Using Semantic Code Analysis}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/fie58773.2023.10342916}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{10923,
  abstract     = {{Aufgrund der kontinuierlich voranschreitenden Fertigungsautomation als Bestandteil der Digital Factory und des demografischen Wandels ist ein zunehmender Bedarf an Personal mit IT Expertise in vielen verschiedenen industriellen Bereichen erkennbar. In diesem Zusammenhang zeigen Künstliche Intelligenz (KI)-basierende Intelligent Tutoring Systeme (ITS) großes Potenzial den aufgezeigten Schulungsbedarf teilweise zu decken. Hierbei treffen besondere Anforderungen aus technischen, rechtlichen und organisatorischen Bereichen aufeinander, die für Unternehmen sowohl Chancen als auch Herausforderungen darstellen. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird auf die Potentiale eines Digital Twin als Ergebnis der Fertigungsautomation und Bestandteil eines KI-basierenden ITS zur Unterstützung des Kompetenzerwerbs in der Aus- und Weiterbildung für die Fertigungsautomation eingegangen. Ziel ist es, die Chancen von individuell angepassten Aufgaben in einem ITS in Zusammenwirken mit einem Digital Twin für Unternehmen und Mitarbeiter sowie die dabei auftretenden Herausforderungen aufzuzeigen. Abschließend wird das Potenzial eines um einen Digital Twin erweitertes ITS anhand eines von uns entwickelten ITS in einer Fallstudie aufgezeigt.}},
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Wehmeier, Leon and Ali, Asmar and Bach, Roland and Schultz, Christoph and Eilermann, Sebastian and Niggemann, Oliver}},
  booktitle    = {{VDI-Berichte Nr. 2419}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-18-092419-9 }},
  issn         = {{978-3-18-102419-5 }},
  location     = {{Baden-Baden}},
  pages        = {{37--54}},
  publisher    = {{VDI Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Die steigende Bedeutung des Digital Twins als Bestandteil eines Intelligent Tutoring Systems in der Automatisierung}}},
  doi          = {{10.51202/9783181024195-37}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{10935,
  abstract     = {{One of the challenges in universities is to take into account the different competences of students throughout the process of imparting knowledge. It is unlikely that all students will grasp the course content in the same way, as they have different abilities. Similarly, it is unrealistic for teachers to address all the individual needs of each student at all times. In addition, maintaining learners' attention to a particular topic is also an essential part of teaching. To overcome these challenges, we are developing AI learning software as part of a research project. The software generates learning scenarios for the students and takes their individual competences into account. The research project focuses on the field of automation technology, especially on programming, as programming skills are usually required in automation environments. When solving the scenarios, students receive immediate feedback on how well they have solved the task. Immediate automated feedback not only meets the students' expectations of quick learning feedback, but it also relieves the teaching staff in the assessment process. In addition, the software includes an interactive user interface that allows learners to see the results of their programming tasks in a simulated 3D environment. This approach aims to maintain learners' attention over a longer learning period. This paper describes the above aspects that are being developed in the research project and previews the new learning opportunities that could arise from the use of AI.}},
  author       = {{Ali, Asmar and Deuter, Andreas}},
  booktitle    = {{Journal of international scientific publications / Science & Education Foundation : Educational Alternatives }},
  issn         = {{1313-2571}},
  keywords     = {{ai education, automated feedback, automation education, educational software, programming}},
  location     = {{Burgas}},
  pages        = {{12--20}},
  publisher    = {{Info Invest }},
  title        = {{{An AI Assistant for Education in Automation}}},
  doi          = {{10.62991/EA1996108906}},
  volume       = {{21}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{10962,
  abstract     = {{The increasing number of product artifacts (e.g., mechanical or electronic components, software functions, documents) confronts small and medium-sized companies with the challenge of assessing change effects. The lack of knowledge of artifact relationships causes problems, such as outdated documentation, lack of coordination with affected disciplines, or delayed changes. The Design Structure Matrix (DSM) can clearly represent the elements and relationships of complex systems. This paper presents an assistance system for intuitive visualization of engineering change effects using existing DSM-based methods for complexity management. The implemented algorithms compute graph layouts, cluster analyses, and change predictions in the form of change risk, time, and cost. An application example of a 3D-printed intelligent lamp demonstrates the approach's viability. The paper concludes with a discussion of the benefits and future activities.}},
  author       = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Tackenberg, Sven and Trojanowski, Christoph and Pankrath, Carolin and Imort, Sebastian and Deuter, Andreas}},
  booktitle    = {{DS 126: Proceedings of the 25th International DSM Conference (DSM 2023)}},
  editor       = {{Stowe, Harold and Browning, Tyson R. and Eppinger, Steven D. and Trauer, Jakob and Langner, Christopher and Kreimeyer, Matthias and Isaksson, Ola and Panarotto, Massimo and Brahma, Arindam}},
  keywords     = {{Graph-based Visualization, Assistance System, Engineering Change Management, Complexity Management}},
  location     = {{Gothenburg, Sweden}},
  pages        = {{58--67}},
  publisher    = {{The Design Society}},
  title        = {{{Assistance System for graph-based 3D Visualization of Design Structure Matrices}}},
  doi          = {{10.35199/dsm2023.07}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{13010,
  abstract     = {{Especially in highly interdisciplinary fields such as automation engineering, contemporary programming education with tailored assignments and individual feedback is a major challenge for educational institutions due to the increasing number of students per teacher and the ever-increasing demand for computer science professionals. To address this gap, we present ”KIAAA” an AI Assistant for Automation Engineering Teaching, a work-in-progress approach for an integrated, customized, and AI-based learning support system for automation and programming courses based on instructor-defined course objectives. Thereby in the KIAAA system, the individual knowledge level of the students is determined and individually tailored virtual learning scenarios are generated based on the knowledge and learning profile of the students. These are iteratively adapted based on the answers given. To achieve this, KIAAA uses several AI components, a hybrid rule-based scenario generation component, a Help-DKT-based cognitive model, and a solution assessor that uses a combination of traditional code analysis methods and AI-based analyses methods for automated programming task assessment. These components are the main parts of KIAAA to generate customized programming scenarios as well as visualization and simulation based on a modern game and physics engine.}},
  author       = {{Eilermann, Sebastian and Wehmeier, Leon and Niggemann, Oliver and Deuter, Andreas}},
  booktitle    = {{2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)}},
  editor       = {{Jasperneite, Jürgen}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-6654-9314-7}},
  keywords     = {{Visualization, Automation, Education, Games, Hybrid power systems, Task analysis, Artificial intelligence}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{KIAAA: An AI Assistant for Teaching Programming in the Field of Automation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/indin51400.2023.10218157}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{9133,
  abstract     = {{Mit der steigenden Komplexität der Entwicklung mechatronischer Produkte sind den beteiligten Akteuren die Wirkbeziehungen zwischen den Bauteilen sowie zwischen den Bauteilen und den erforderlichen Produktionsprozessen oft nicht mehr hinreichend bekannt. Nicht abgestimmte Entscheidungen und Handlungen sind die Folge, die zu Kosten- und Terminüberschreitungen führen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt mögliche Innovationspotenziale auf, die ein Assistenzsystem für das Komplexitätsmanagement bieten kann. }},
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Tackenberg, Sven and Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Vathauer, Marc and Kage, Franz}},
  booktitle    = {{WT WerkstattsTechnik online}},
  issn         = {{1436-4980 }},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{404--407}},
  publisher    = {{VDI Fachmedien}},
  title        = {{{Innovationspotenziale im Komplexitätsmanagement- Assistenzsystem für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen}}},
  volume       = {{112}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{7035,
  abstract     = {{Technological progress, upcoming cyber-physical systems, and limited resources confront small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with the challenge of complexity management in product development projects spanning over the entire product lifecycle. SMEs require a solution for documenting and analyzing the functional relationships between multiple domains such as products, software, and processes. The German research project FuPEP “Funktionsorientiertes Komplexitätsmanagement in allen Phasen der Produktentstehung” aims to address this issue by developing an assistance system that supports product developers by visualizing functional relationships. This paper presents the methodology and results of the assistance system’s requirements elicitation with two SMEs. Conducting the elicitation during a global pandemic, we discuss its application using specific techniques in light of COVID-19. We model problems and their effects regarding complexity management in product development in a system dynamics model. The most important requirements and use cases elicited are presented, and the requirements elicitation methodology and results are discussed. Additionally, we present a multilayer software architecture design of the assistance system. Our case study suggests a relationship between fear of a missing project focus among project participants and the restriction of requirements elicitation techniques to those possible via web conferencing tools.}},
  author       = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Imort, Sebastian and Trojanowski, Christoph and Deuter, Andreas}},
  issn         = {{2073-431X}},
  journal      = {{Computers}},
  keywords     = {{complexity management, assistance system, product development, systems engineering, design structure matrix, asset administration shell}},
  number       = {{11}},
  title        = {{{Requirements Elicitation for an Assistance System for Complexity Management in Product Development of SMEs during COVID-19: A Case Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/computers10110149}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{7781,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Product lifecycle management (PLM) as a holistic process encompasses the idea generation for a product, its conception, and its production, as well as its operating phase. Numerous tools and data models are used throughout this process. In recent years, industry and academia have developed integration concepts to realize efficient PLM across all domains and phases. However, the solutions available in practice need specific interfaces and tend to be vendor dependent. The Asset Administration Shell (AAS) aims to be a standardized digital representation of an asset (e.g., a product). In accordance with its objective, it has the potential to integrate all data generated during the PLM process into one data model and to provide a universally valid interface for all PLM phases. However, to date, there is no holistic concept that demonstrates this potential. The goal of this research work is to develop and validate such an AAS-based concept. This article demonstrates the application of the AAS in an order-controlled production process, including the semi-automatic generation of PLM-related AAS data. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of the AAS as a standard interface providing a smooth data integration throughout the PLM process.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Imort, Sebastian}},
  issn         = {{2073-431X}},
  journal      = {{Computers : open access journal }},
  number       = {{7}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI }},
  title        = {{{Product Lifecycle Management with the Asset Administration Shell}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/computers10070084}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{7789,
  author       = {{Brand, Marco and Deuter, Andreas and Galla, Lukas and Pethig, Florian}},
  issn         = {{0178-2320}},
  journal      = {{atp-magazin}},
  number       = {{11-12}},
  pages        = {{24--27}},
  title        = {{{Die Verwaltungsschale: vom Konzept über Metamodell zum Standard}}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@misc{12794,
  abstract     = {{Modern product development utilizes both Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Application Lifecycle Management (ALM). PLM addresses the hardware lifecycle of a product, whereas ALM addresses the software lifecycle. In recent years, industry and academia have developed several PLM/ALM integration concepts to realize efficient management of the product lifecycle across all domains. However, the solutions available in practice are typically vendor-driven. Therefore, they are not generally applicable even if standards such as OSLC (Open Services for Lifecycle Cooperation) are applied.

The consortium "Plattform Industrie 4.0" has recently introduced a standardized digital representation of an asset (e.g., a smart product): the Asset Administration Shell (AAS). The AAS has the potential to integrate PLM/ALM data sets in a single product model and hence to provide a generally applicable interface for PLM/ALM integration. However, until now there has not been a concept to prove this potential. The aim of this work is to develop such new strategies (named Plm4AAS) using AAS submodels. This article explains the semi-automatic generation of PLM/ALM submodels and how to link elements between these submodels. The AASX Package Explorer, an AAS management software tool, is used to demonstrate the results. The article finishes with a discussion about the potential of the AAS as a standardized concept for PLM/ALM integration. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 5th International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence.}},
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Imort, Sebastian}},
  booktitle    = {{System-Integrated Intelligence - Intelligent, Flexible and Connected Systems in Products and Production : Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence (SysInt 2020), Bremen, Germany (}},
  editor       = {{Thoben, Klaus-Dieter  and Dekena, Berend  and  Lang, Walter  and  Trächtler, Ansgar}},
  issn         = {{2351-9789}},
  keywords     = {{PLM, ALM, ReqIF, PLM XML, OSLC, Asset Administration Shell}},
  location     = {{Online}},
  pages        = {{234--240}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{PLM/ALM Integration With The Asset Administration Shell}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.promfg.2020.11.040}},
  volume       = {{52}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inbook{7783,
  abstract     = {{The digitization of the industry, the drive towards smart factories as well as the Internet of Production (IoP) require rising smartness of products and services. Smart physical products are often mechatronic products that include increasing amounts of software. The development of software, however, comes along with new challenges for companies specialized in developing mechanical, electrical or electronic products. Some of these challenges address the product lifecycle management (PLM)-related business and work processes. The management of software lifecycles requires a much more rigorous requirements management. Furthermore, special solutions for management of source code in distributed development teams are needed. The build-process and testing activities need to be conducted in a systematic manner. The generation and provision of different licensing models need to be mastered and finally the issue of security needs to be addressed for any product that can be networked---which by the way is a strategic target of nearly any product developing company. Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) covers many of the above-mentioned issues. IT solutions for ALM are comparable to traditional PLM solutions, but focus particularly on software as a product. Thus, these systems have become widely used by software companies in the same manner as PLM solutions belong to the standard enterprise IT environment of companies developing physical products. With software penetrating traditional physical products, product managers, product developers, manufacturing staff etc. need to work with both, PLM and ALM, since neither solution is able to cover both domains sufficiently. However, ALM and PLM solutions feature redundant functionality. Thus, best practices for the systematic integration of ALM and PLM are required.}},
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Otte, Andreas and Ebert, Marcel and Possel-Dölken, Frank}},
  booktitle    = {{Product lifecycle management (Volume 4)}},
  editor       = {{Stark, John}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-030-16133-0}},
  issn         = {{2197-6589}},
  keywords     = {{Product lifecycle management, Application Lifecycle Management, Smart products, Systems engineering}},
  pages        = {{125--143}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Developing the Requirements of a PLM/ALM Integration: An Industrial Case Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-030-16134-7_11}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{7784,
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Pethig, Florian}},
  issn         = {{0178-2320}},
  journal      = {{atp-magazin}},
  number       = {{11-12}},
  pages        = {{28--31}},
  title        = {{{The Digital Twin Theory: Umsetzung mit der Industrie 4.0-Verwaltungsschale}}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@inproceedings{551,
  abstract     = {{Companies that use product lifecycle management (PLM) systems need to configure them individually. Such configuration is considered as a software development process. This article demonstrates how the software development process for PLM configuration can be improved by applying applicationlifecycle management (ALM) concepts. This paper explains how such a conceptdesigncan be created and implemented. The concept was evaluated in a real industrial case study. By this, it provides valuable insights useablefor any company, facing similar challenges as depicted in this paper.}},
  author       = {{Heister, Martin and Deuter, Andreas and Schrader, B.}},
  booktitle    = {{Production Engineering and Management}},
  editor       = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-03-0}},
  keywords     = {{PLM, ALM, Software engineering, V-model, Scrum}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{31--41}},
  title        = {{{Design of an ALM-Based Process for Configuring PLM Systems}}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@misc{12798,
  abstract     = {{The digitization of the industry requires smart products and services. Smart products are mechatronic products with an increasing amount of software. To get high quality smart products to the market quickly, manufacturers need to reshape their product lifecycle processes. They need to apply system engineering-based methods to enable smooth cross-domain developments with a special focus on the software domain. One significant challenge faced by manufacturers is the harmonization of product lifecycle management (PLM), which addresses the hardware lifecycle, with application lifecycle management (ALM), which addresses the software lifecycle.

To support manufacturers in this challenging activity, this paper demonstrates a proven process for developing use cases and requirements associated with a PLM/ALM integration. This process has been elicited during an industrial case study in a manufacturing company. This paper explains this process in detail. A generally applicable approach for developing the requirements of a PLM/ALM integration is extracted by removing the company-specific factors. }},
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Otte, Andreas and Ebert, Marcel and Possel-Dölken, Frank}},
  booktitle    = {{4th International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence - Intelligent, Flexible and Connected Systems in Products and Production}},
  editor       = {{Denkena, B. and Thoben, K. D.  and Trachtler, A.}},
  issn         = {{2351-9789}},
  keywords     = {{Product lifecycle management, Application Lifecycle Management, Smart products, Systems engineering}},
  location     = {{Hannover}},
  pages        = {{107--113}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Developing the Requirements of a PLM/ALM Integration: An Industrial Case Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.promfg.2018.06.020}},
  volume       = {{24}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{574,
  abstract     = {{The increasing industrial digitization is the driver for the fast emergence of many industrial smart products. To stay competitive, the manufacturing companies of these smart products need to optimize their internal lifecycleprocesses. Mainly, they have to converge the software and hardware lifecycleprocesses. However, even if this strategic necessity has been recognized, manufacturing companies struggle to develop and implement a roadmap of such convergence.Starting point for the realization of harmonized lifecycle processes are processmodels describing process activities and the underlying data models. This research addresses the latter one and aims to create a generic lifecycle data model. The research team created and evaluated such data model referring to development artifacts such as requirements, parts or test cases and to lifecycle artifacts such as revisions, versions and baselines. The generic lifecycle management model was evaluated by a practical development of a smart product. By this, the research provides a valuable result to maintain and increase the competitiveness of manufacturing companies.}},
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Otte, Andreas and Ebert, Marcel}},
  booktitle    = {{Production Engineering and Management}},
  editor       = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-01-6}},
  keywords     = {{PLM, ALM, Systems Engineering, VDI guideline 2206}},
  location     = {{Pordenone, Italy}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{115--125}},
  title        = {{{Extending the Sliced V-Model to Smart Product Development}}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@inproceedings{610,
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Otte, Andreas and Höllisch, Daniel}},
  booktitle    = {{Wissenschaftsforum Intelligente Technische Systeme (WInTeSys) 2017}},
  editor       = {{Trächtler, Ansgar}},
  location     = {{Paderborn}},
  pages        = {{211--222}},
  title        = {{{Methodisches Vorgehen zur Entwicklung und Evaluierung von Anwendungsfällen für die PLM/ALM-Integration}}},
  volume       = {{369}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@misc{7790,
  author       = {{Deuter, Andreas and Rizzo, Stefano}},
  booktitle    = {{Procedia Technology}},
  issn         = {{2212-0173}},
  keywords     = {{PLM, ALM, OSLC}},
  pages        = {{405--412}},
  publisher    = {{ Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{A Critical View on PLM/ALM Convergence in Practice and Research}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.protcy.2016.08.052}},
  volume       = {{26}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

