---
_id: '11663'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL) are widely used in sealing applications throughout
    the world. In applications with constant water heads - such as artificial ponds,
    rivers, canals, etc. - the permeation rate through the GCL is of vital importance
    to the performance of the whole structure and the allocated function. A proper
    design must consider all potential sources of water loss in the designed application.
    This includes also the performance of overlaps or the combined effect of multiple
    sealing layers. Some factors are sometimes misinterpreted, underestimated or not
    considered.\r\nThe presented paper will focus on two major topics, each affecting
    the performance of geosynthetic sealing systems with special focus on geosynthetic
    clay liners (GCL). The impact of these effect is to be illustrated on exemplary
    calculations for virtual projects. The quantification of these effects will result
    in recommendations that shall help to anticipate unfavorable situations for the
    operational phase of a project already in the design stage. This shall contribute
    to a better overall understanding of GCL and help to avoid preventable design
    errors. An outlook shall summarize the further efforts envisaged by the authors
    to provide a simple tool to allow calculation of permeation rates for GCL or complete
    barrier systems."
author:
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Köhler, Martin
  id: '40060'
  last_name: Köhler
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Niehues, Christian
  last_name: Niehues
- first_name: Kent P.
  full_name: von Maubeuge, Kent P.
  last_name: von Maubeuge
citation:
  ama: Köhler M, Niehues C, von Maubeuge KP. <i>Considerations for the Calculation
    of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant Water Head Applications</i>.
    (Biondi G, Cazzuffi D, Moraci N, Soccodato C, eds.). CRC Press, Taylor &#38; Francis
    Group; 2024:1610-1614. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889">10.1201/9781003386889</a>
  apa: 'Köhler, M., Niehues, C., &#38; von Maubeuge, K. P. (2024). Considerations
    for the Calculation of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant
    Water Head Applications. In G. Biondi, D. Cazzuffi, N. Moraci, &#38; C. Soccodato
    (Eds.), <i>Geosynthetics: Leading the Way to a Resilient Planet : PROCEEDINGS
    OF THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOSYNTHETICS (12ICG), 17–21 SEPTEMBER
    2023, ROMA, ITALY</i> (pp. 1610–1614). CRC Press, Taylor &#38; Francis Group.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889">https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Köhler M, Niehues C and von Maubeuge KP</b> (2024) <i>Considerations for
    the Calculation of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant Water
    Head Applications</i>, Biondi G et al. (eds). Boca Raton, London, New York, Leiden:
    CRC Press, Taylor &#38; Francis Group.'
  chicago: 'Köhler, Martin, Christian Niehues, and Kent P. von Maubeuge. <i>Considerations
    for the Calculation of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant
    Water Head Applications</i>. Edited by Giovanni Biondi, Daniele Cazzuffi, Nicola
    Moraci, and Claudio Soccodato. <i>Geosynthetics: Leading the Way to a Resilient
    Planet : PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOSYNTHETICS (12ICG),
    17–21 SEPTEMBER 2023, ROMA, ITALY</i>. Boca Raton, London, New York, Leiden: CRC
    Press, Taylor &#38; Francis Group, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889">https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Köhler, Martin, Christian Niehues und Kent P. von Maubeuge. 2024. <i>Considerations
    for the Calculation of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant
    Water Head Applications</i>. Hg. von Giovanni Biondi, Daniele Cazzuffi, Nicola
    Moraci, und Claudio Soccodato. <i>Geosynthetics: Leading the Way to a Resilient
    Planet : PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOSYNTHETICS (12ICG),
    17–21 SEPTEMBER 2023, ROMA, ITALY</i>. Boca Raton, London, New York, Leiden: CRC
    Press, Taylor &#38; Francis Group. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889">10.1201/9781003386889</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Köhler, Martin</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Niehues, Christian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">von
    Maubeuge, Kent P.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Biondi, G.</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Cazzuffi, D.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Moraci,
    N.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Soccodato, C.</span> (Hrsg.):
    <i>Considerations for the Calculation of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay
    Liners in Constant Water Head Applications</i>. Boca Raton, London, New York,
    Leiden : CRC Press, Taylor &#38; Francis Group, 2024'
  havard: M. Köhler, C. Niehues, K.P. von Maubeuge, Considerations for the Calculation
    of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant Water Head Applications,
    CRC Press, Taylor &#38; Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York, Leiden, 2024.
  ieee: 'M. Köhler, C. Niehues, and K. P. von Maubeuge, <i>Considerations for the
    Calculation of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant Water
    Head Applications</i>. Boca Raton, London, New York, Leiden: CRC Press, Taylor
    &#38; Francis Group, 2024, pp. 1610–1614. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889">10.1201/9781003386889</a>.'
  mla: 'Köhler, Martin, et al. “Considerations for the Calculation of Permeation Rates
    for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant Water Head Applications.” <i>Geosynthetics:
    Leading the Way to a Resilient Planet : PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL
    CONFERENCE ON GEOSYNTHETICS (12ICG), 17–21 SEPTEMBER 2023, ROMA, ITALY</i>, edited
    by Giovanni Biondi et al., CRC Press, Taylor &#38; Francis Group, 2024, pp. 1610–14,
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889">https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889</a>.'
  short: M. Köhler, C. Niehues, K.P. von Maubeuge, Considerations for the Calculation
    of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant Water Head Applications,
    CRC Press, Taylor &#38; Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York, Leiden, 2024.
  ufg: '<b>Köhler, Martin/Niehues, Christian/Maubeuge, Kent P. von</b>: Considerations
    for the Calculation of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant
    Water Head Applications, hg. von Biondi, Giovanni u. a., Boca Raton, London, New
    York, Leiden 2024.'
  van: 'Köhler M, Niehues C, von Maubeuge KP. Considerations for the Calculation of
    Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Constant Water Head Applications.
    Biondi G, Cazzuffi D, Moraci N, Soccodato C, editors. Geosynthetics: Leading the
    Way to a Resilient Planet : PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
    GEOSYNTHETICS (12ICG), 17–21 SEPTEMBER 2023, ROMA, ITALY. Boca Raton, London,
    New York, Leiden: CRC Press, Taylor &#38; Francis Group; 2024.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-09-21
  location: Rome
  name: 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOSYNTHETICS (12ICG)
  start_date: 2023-09-17
date_created: 2024-07-07T17:45:41Z
date_updated: 2024-07-15T13:41:29Z
department:
- _id: DEP3006
doi: 10.1201/9781003386889
editor:
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Biondi, Giovanni
  last_name: Biondi
- first_name: Daniele
  full_name: Cazzuffi, Daniele
  last_name: Cazzuffi
- first_name: Nicola
  full_name: Moraci, Nicola
  last_name: Moraci
- first_name: Claudio
  full_name: Soccodato, Claudio
  last_name: Soccodato
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1610-1614
place: Boca Raton, London, New York, Leiden
publication: 'Geosynthetics: Leading the Way to a Resilient Planet : PROCEEDINGS OF
  THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOSYNTHETICS (12ICG), 17–21 SEPTEMBER 2023,
  ROMA, ITALY'
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - 978-1-003-38688-9
publication_status: published
publisher: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: contains
    url: https://library.geosyntheticssociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/12ICG%20Proceedings.pdf
status: public
title: Considerations for the Calculation of Permeation Rates for Geosynthetic Clay
  Liners in Constant Water Head Applications
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2024'
...
