[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2024-12-09T10:20:50Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1607-7938"],"issn":["1027-5606"]},"publication":"Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS ","date_created":"2024-12-08T20:27:48Z","status":"public","page":"1533-1551","author":[{"last_name":"Shatwell","first_name":"Tom","id":"86424","full_name":"Shatwell, Tom","orcid":"0000-0002-4520-7916"},{"full_name":"Thiery, Wim","first_name":"Wim","last_name":"Thiery"},{"first_name":"Georgiy","last_name":"Kirillin","full_name":"Kirillin, Georgiy"}],"year":"2019","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019","open_access":"1"}],"volume":23,"citation":{"din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Shatwell, Tom</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Thiery, Wim</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Kirillin, Georgiy</span>: Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes. In: <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i> Bd. 23. Göttingen, Copernicus GmbH (2019), Nr. 3, S. 1533–1551","chicago-de":"Shatwell, Tom, Wim Thiery und Georgiy Kirillin. 2019. Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes. <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i> 23, Nr. 3: 1533–1551. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019\">10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019</a>, .","short":"T. Shatwell, W. Thiery, G. Kirillin, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences : HESS  23 (2019) 1533–1551.","chicago":"Shatwell, Tom, Wim Thiery, and Georgiy Kirillin. “Future Projections of Temperature and Mixing Regime of European Temperate Lakes.” <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences : HESS </i> 23, no. 3 (2019): 1533–51. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019\">https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019</a>.","apa":"Shatwell, T., Thiery, W., &#38; Kirillin, G. (2019). Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes. <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences : HESS </i>, <i>23</i>(3), 1533–1551. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019\">https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019</a>","ieee":"T. Shatwell, W. Thiery, and G. Kirillin, “Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes,” <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i>, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1533–1551, 2019, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019\">10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019</a>.","ufg":"<b>Shatwell, Tom/Thiery, Wim/Kirillin, Georgiy</b>: Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes, in: <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i> 23 (2019), H. 3,  S. 1533–1551.","havard":"T. Shatwell, W. Thiery, G. Kirillin, Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences : HESS . 23 (2019) 1533–1551.","mla":"Shatwell, Tom, et al. “Future Projections of Temperature and Mixing Regime of European Temperate Lakes.” <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences : HESS </i>, vol. 23, no. 3, 2019, pp. 1533–51, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019\">https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019</a>.","bjps":"<b>Shatwell T, Thiery W and Kirillin G</b> (2019) Future Projections of Temperature and Mixing Regime of European Temperate Lakes. <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i> <b>23</b>, 1533–1551.","van":"Shatwell T, Thiery W, Kirillin G. Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes. Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS . 2019;23(3):1533–51.","ama":"Shatwell T, Thiery W, Kirillin G. Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes. <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i>. 2019;23(3):1533-1551. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019\">10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019</a>"},"title":"Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes","extern":"1","place":"Göttingen","_id":"12236","doi":"10.5194/hess-23-1533-2019","user_id":"83781","intvolume":"        23","type":"scientific_journal_article","publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","quality_controlled":"1","department":[{"_id":"DEP8022"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The physical response of lakes to climate warming is regionally variable and highly dependent on individual lake characteristics, making generalizations about their development difficult. To qualify the role of individual lake characteristics in their response to regionally homogeneous warming, we simulated temperature, ice cover, and mixing in four intensively studied German lakes of varying morphology and mixing regime with a one-dimensional lake model. We forced the model with an ensemble of 12 climate projections (RCP4.5) up to 2100. The lakes were projected to warm at 0.10–0.11 ∘C decade−1, which is 75 %–90 % of the projected air temperature trend. In simulations, surface temperatures increased strongly in winter and spring, but little or not at all in summer and autumn. Mean bottom temperatures were projected to increase in all lakes, with steeper trends in winter and in shallower lakes. Modelled ice thaw and summer stratification advanced by 1.5–2.2 and 1.4–1.8 days decade−1 respectively, whereas autumn turnover and winter freeze timing was less sensitive. The projected summer mixed-layer depth was unaffected by warming but sensitive to changes in water transparency. By mid-century, the frequency of ice and stratification-free winters was projected to increase by about 20 %, making ice cover rare and shifting the two deeper dimictic lakes to a predominantly monomictic regime. The polymictic lake was unlikely to become dimictic by the end of the century. A sensitivity analysis predicted that decreasing transparency would dampen the effect of warming on mean temperature but amplify its effect on stratification. However, this interaction was only predicted to occur in clear lakes, and not in the study lakes at their historical transparency. Not only lake morphology, but also mixing regime determines how heat is stored and ultimately how lakes respond to climate warming. Seasonal differences in climate warming rates are thus important and require more attention."}],"issue":"3","publication_status":"published"},{"volume":21,"citation":{"short":"G. Kirillin, L. Wen, T. Shatwell, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences : HESS  21 (2017) 1895–1909.","chicago-de":"Kirillin, Georgiy, Lijuan Wen und Tom Shatwell. 2017. Seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the Tibetan highlands. <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i> 21, Nr. 4: 1895–1909. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017\">10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017</a>, .","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Kirillin, Georgiy</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Wen, Lijuan</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Shatwell, Tom</span>: Seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the Tibetan highlands. In: <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i> Bd. 21. Göttingen, Copernicus GmbH (2017), Nr. 4, S. 1895–1909","van":"Kirillin G, Wen L, Shatwell T. Seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the Tibetan highlands. Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS . 2017;21(4):1895–909.","bjps":"<b>Kirillin G, Wen L and Shatwell T</b> (2017) Seasonal Thermal Regime and Climatic Trends in Lakes of the Tibetan Highlands. <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i> <b>21</b>, 1895–1909.","mla":"Kirillin, Georgiy, et al. “Seasonal Thermal Regime and Climatic Trends in Lakes of the Tibetan Highlands.” <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences : HESS </i>, vol. 21, no. 4, 2017, pp. 1895–909, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017\">https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017</a>.","havard":"G. Kirillin, L. Wen, T. Shatwell, Seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the Tibetan highlands, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences : HESS . 21 (2017) 1895–1909.","ufg":"<b>Kirillin, Georgiy/Wen, Lijuan/Shatwell, Tom</b>: Seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the Tibetan highlands, in: <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i> 21 (2017), H. 4,  S. 1895–1909.","apa":"Kirillin, G., Wen, L., &#38; Shatwell, T. (2017). Seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the Tibetan highlands. <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences : HESS </i>, <i>21</i>(4), 1895–1909. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017\">https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017</a>","chicago":"Kirillin, Georgiy, Lijuan Wen, and Tom Shatwell. “Seasonal Thermal Regime and Climatic Trends in Lakes of the Tibetan Highlands.” <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences : HESS </i> 21, no. 4 (2017): 1895–1909. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017\">https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017</a>.","ama":"Kirillin G, Wen L, Shatwell T. Seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the Tibetan highlands. <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i>. 2017;21(4):1895-1909. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017\">10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017</a>","ieee":"G. Kirillin, L. Wen, and T. Shatwell, “Seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the Tibetan highlands,” <i>Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS </i>, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1895–1909, 2017, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017\">10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017</a>."},"extern":"1","title":"Seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the Tibetan highlands","page":"1895-1909","status":"public","year":"2017","author":[{"last_name":"Kirillin","full_name":"Kirillin, Georgiy","first_name":"Georgiy"},{"last_name":"Wen","full_name":"Wen, Lijuan","first_name":"Lijuan"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4520-7916","id":"86424","last_name":"Shatwell","first_name":"Tom","full_name":"Shatwell, Tom"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2024-12-09T10:21:09Z","date_created":"2024-12-08T20:33:42Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1607-7938"],"issn":["1027-5606 "]},"publication":"Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS ","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":"1","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"4","abstract":[{"text":"The hydrology of the lake-rich Tibetan Plateau is important for the global climate, yet little is known about the thermal regime of Tibetan lakes due to scant data. We (i) investigated the characteristic seasonal temperature patterns and recent trends in the thermal and stratification regimes of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau and (ii) tested the performance of the one-dimensional lake parameterization scheme FLake for the Tibetan lake system. For this purpose, we combined 3 years of in situ lake temperature measurements, several decades of satellite observations, and the global reanalysis data. We chose the two largest freshwater Tibetan lakes, Ngoring and Gyaring, as study sites. The lake model FLake faithfully reproduced the specific features of the high-altitude lakes and was subsequently applied to reconstruct the vertically resolved heat transport in both lakes during the last 4 decades. The model suggested that Ngoring and Gyaring were ice-covered for about 6 months and stratified in summer for about 4 months per year with a short spring overturn and a longer autumn overturn. In summer the surface mixed boundary layer extended to 6–8 m of depth and was about 20 % shallower in the more turbid Gyaring. The thermal regime of the transparent Ngoring responded more strongly to atmospheric forcing than Gyaring, where the higher turbidity damped the response. According to the reanalysis data, air temperatures and humidity have increased, whereas solar radiation has decreased, since the 1970s. Surprisingly, the modeled mean lake temperatures did not change, nor did the phenology of the ice cover or stratification. Lake surface temperatures in summer increased only marginally. The reason is that the increase in air temperature was offset by the decrease in radiation, probably due to increasing humidity. This study demonstrates that air temperature trends are not directly coupled to lake temperatures and underscores the importance of shortwave radiation for the thermal regime of high-altitude lakes.","lang":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"DEP8022"}],"intvolume":"        21","user_id":"83781","type":"scientific_journal_article","doi":"10.5194/hess-21-1895-2017","_id":"12240","place":"Göttingen"}]