[{"citation":{"ama":"Halbeisen G, Domes G, Walther E. Is stress colorblind? Exploring endocrine stress responses in intergroup contexts using a virtual reality-based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR). <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>. 2022;147. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970\">10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970</a>","chicago":"Halbeisen, Georg, Gregor Domes, and Eva Walther. “Is Stress Colorblind? Exploring Endocrine Stress Responses in Intergroup Contexts Using a Virtual Reality-Based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR).” <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> 147 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970</a>.","short":"G. Halbeisen, G. Domes, E. Walther, Psychoneuroendocrinology 147 (2022).","mla":"Halbeisen, Georg, et al. “Is Stress Colorblind? Exploring Endocrine Stress Responses in Intergroup Contexts Using a Virtual Reality-Based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR).” <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>, vol. 147, 105970, 2022, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970</a>.","apa":"Halbeisen, G., Domes, G., &#38; Walther, E. (2022). Is stress colorblind? Exploring endocrine stress responses in intergroup contexts using a virtual reality-based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR). <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>, <i>147</i>, Article 105970. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970</a>","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Halbeisen, Georg</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Domes, Gregor</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Walther, Eva</span>: Is stress colorblind? Exploring endocrine stress responses in intergroup contexts using a virtual reality-based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR). In: <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> Bd. 147, Elsevier BV (2022)","havard":"G. Halbeisen, G. Domes, E. Walther, Is stress colorblind? Exploring endocrine stress responses in intergroup contexts using a virtual reality-based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR), Psychoneuroendocrinology. 147 (2022).","ufg":"<b>Halbeisen, Georg/Domes, Gregor/Walther, Eva</b>: Is stress colorblind? Exploring endocrine stress responses in intergroup contexts using a virtual reality-based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR), in: <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> 147 (2022).","chicago-de":"Halbeisen, Georg, Gregor Domes und Eva Walther. 2022. Is stress colorblind? Exploring endocrine stress responses in intergroup contexts using a virtual reality-based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR). <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> 147. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970\">10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970</a>, .","bjps":"<b>Halbeisen G, Domes G and Walther E</b> (2022) Is Stress Colorblind? Exploring Endocrine Stress Responses in Intergroup Contexts Using a Virtual Reality-Based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR). <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> <b>147</b>.","van":"Halbeisen G, Domes G, Walther E. Is stress colorblind? Exploring endocrine stress responses in intergroup contexts using a virtual reality-based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR). Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2022;147.","ieee":"G. Halbeisen, G. Domes, and E. Walther, “Is stress colorblind? Exploring endocrine stress responses in intergroup contexts using a virtual reality-based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR),” <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>, vol. 147, Art. no. 105970, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970\">10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970</a>."},"publisher":"Elsevier BV","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"       147","isi":"1","publication":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","department":[{"_id":"DEP1500"}],"title":"Is stress colorblind? Exploring endocrine stress responses in intergroup contexts using a virtual reality-based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR)","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4530"],"eissn":["1873-3360"]},"doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105970","volume":147,"_id":"13633","type":"scientific_journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Are social stress reactions dependent on the group identities of interaction partners? This study explored the role of ethnic context in modulating endocrine stress responses using a virtual reality (VR)-based adaptation of a standardized stress induction protocol, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR). Previous research found no clear link between endocrine stress response and ethnic context in the TSST, but conclusions remain limited due to the quasi-experimental nature of manipulating ethnic context in real-life face-to-face interactions. The VR adaptation of the TSST circumvents quasi-experimental limitations and thus provides a first, randomized-controlled investigation of the effects of ethnic context on endocrine stress responses. Forty-three men participated in the study, facing either an ingroup (\"White\") or an outgroup (\"Arab\") panel of interviewers. As expected, the TSST-VR produced physiological and subjective stress reactions. However, endocrine stress reactions occurred independent of interviewer ethnicity and could not be predicted based on implicit bias, explicit prejudice, or prejudice-related appearance concerns. Other physiological and subjective stress reactivity parameters also remained comparable across intergroup conditions. Implications for stress research are discussed."}],"pmid":"1","status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"Georg","orcid":"0000-0002-9529-2215","id":"85780","full_name":"Halbeisen, Georg","last_name":"Halbeisen"},{"last_name":"Domes","full_name":"Domes, Gregor","first_name":"Gregor"},{"full_name":"Walther, Eva","last_name":"Walther","first_name":"Eva"}],"extern":"1","date_created":"2026-03-27T10:06:34Z","external_id":{"pmid":["36368123"],"isi":["000890474100008"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-10T09:03:57Z","year":"2022","user_id":"83778","article_number":"105970"},{"isi":"1","publication":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4530"],"eissn":["1873-3360"]},"department":[{"_id":"DEP1500"}],"title":"Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010","issue":"3","keyword":["Psychological stress","Virtual reality","Trier Social Stress Test","Free salivary cortisol","Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis","Alpha amylase"],"citation":{"ufg":"<b>Zimmer, Patrick u. a.</b>: Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses, in: <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> 101 (2019), H. 3,  S. 186–192.","havard":"P. Zimmer, B. Buttlar, G. Halbeisen, E. Walther,  Gregor Domes, Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses, Psychoneuroendocrinology. 101 (2019) 186–192.","apa":"Zimmer, P., Buttlar, B., Halbeisen, G., Walther, E., &#38; Domes,  Gregor. (2019). Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses. <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>, <i>101</i>(3), 186–192. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Zimmer, Patrick</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Buttlar, Benjamin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Halbeisen, Georg</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Walther, Eva</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Domes,  Gregor</span>: Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses. In: <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> Bd. 101. Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier (2019), Nr. 3, S. 186–192","short":"P. Zimmer, B. Buttlar, G. Halbeisen, E. Walther,  Gregor Domes, Psychoneuroendocrinology 101 (2019) 186–192.","ama":"Zimmer P, Buttlar B, Halbeisen G, Walther E, Domes  Gregor. Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses. <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>. 2019;101(3):186-192. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>","chicago":"Zimmer, Patrick, Benjamin Buttlar, Georg Halbeisen, Eva Walther, and  Gregor Domes. “Virtually Stressed? A Refined Virtual Reality Adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) Induces Robust Endocrine Responses.” <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> 101, no. 3 (2019): 186–92. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>.","mla":"Zimmer, Patrick, et al. “Virtually Stressed? A Refined Virtual Reality Adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) Induces Robust Endocrine Responses.” <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>, vol. 101, no. 3, 2019, pp. 186–92, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>.","van":"Zimmer P, Buttlar B, Halbeisen G, Walther E, Domes  Gregor. Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019;101(3):186–92.","ieee":"P. Zimmer, B. Buttlar, G. Halbeisen, E. Walther, and  Gregor Domes, “Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses,” <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>, vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 186–192, 2019, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>.","chicago-de":"Zimmer, Patrick, Benjamin Buttlar, Georg Halbeisen, Eva Walther und  Gregor Domes. 2019. Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses. <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> 101, Nr. 3: 186–192. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>, .","bjps":"<b>Zimmer P <i>et al.</i></b> (2019) Virtually Stressed? A Refined Virtual Reality Adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) Induces Robust Endocrine Responses. <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> <b>101</b>, 186–192."},"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Elsevier","intvolume":"       101","external_id":{"isi":["000459840000024"],"pmid":["30469086"]},"date_created":"2026-03-25T13:36:07Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-08T13:49:27Z","year":"2019","user_id":"83781","_id":"13578","type":"scientific_journal_article","page":"186-192","volume":101,"abstract":[{"text":"In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has found its way into nearly all fields of psychology. Previous studies indicated that virtual reality adaptations of the TSST are less potent in stimulating HPA-axis responses, with lower salivary cortisol responses recorded as compared to the in-vivo TSST. (TSST-IV). In the present experiment we tested the stress-induction potential of a refined version of the TSST-VR using a fully orthogonal experimental design in which ninety-three healthy males were either assigned to the TSST condition or a corresponding control condition in a real or virtual environment. We found a significant increase of endocrine, autonomic and self-reported stress markers in both stress conditions. Notably, we found a robust rise in salivary cortisol to the TSST-VR comparable to that observed in the TSST-IV. Despite subtle differences in response between virtual and in vivo settings, we conclude that VR adaptations of in-vivo stressors have the potential to induce real physiological and subjective reactions.","lang":"eng"}],"pmid":"1","place":"Amsterdam [u.a.]","extern":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Zimmer","full_name":"Zimmer, Patrick","first_name":"Patrick"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Buttlar","full_name":"Buttlar, Benjamin"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-9529-2215","first_name":"Georg","last_name":"Halbeisen","id":"85780","full_name":"Halbeisen, Georg"},{"first_name":"Eva","full_name":"Walther, Eva","last_name":"Walther"},{"full_name":"Domes,  Gregor","last_name":"Domes","first_name":" Gregor"}],"status":"public"}]