---
_id: '13670'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The aging of biodiesel proceeds via multiple pathways, with oligomerization
    playing a central role. In this study, we investigated an epoxide-dependent oligomerization
    pathway, which had previously only been postulated. Using methyl oleate (C18:1)
    as a model monounsaturated fatty acid and acetic acid as a representative, reactive
    nucleophile and known biodiesel aging product with a suitable boiling point, oligomeric
    products were identified by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with electrospray
    ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). The concentration
    of 20 wt% was chosen to ensure a measurable kinetic effect while maintaining stable
    reaction conditions. Furthermore, the role of methyl oleate during biodiesel aging
    was addressed. Time-resolved analysis confirmed the proposed sequential order
    of reactions. It was pointed out that elimination reactions may occur. The data
    support the formation of epoxides, despite the isobaric overlap with ketones,
    and show that hydroxyl intermediates undergo esterification and etherification.
    Moreover, experiments with pure C18:1 demonstrated that acetic acid–derived oligomers
    are generated. Under Rancimat conditions, addition of 20 wt% acetic acid resulted
    in an approximately 1.1 – 2.6 increase in product yield. Kinetic analysis revealed
    structure-dependent formation and decay behavior of the aging products, with slightly
    faster epoxidation and shifted product distributions toward higher oligomeric
    species in the presence of acetic acid. Reactive intermediates were consumed more
    rapidly than oligomeric species and all decay processes followed apparent second-order
    kinetics. These findings provide direct experimental evidence for the involvement
    of epoxide-dependent pathways in biodiesel aging.
article_number: '139339'
author:
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Türck, Julian
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Funke, Carsten
  id: '74167'
  last_name: Funke
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Schmitt, Fabian
  last_name: Schmitt
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Schneider, Jan
  id: '13209'
  last_name: Schneider
  orcid: 0000-0001-6401-8873
- first_name: Hans-Jürgen
  full_name: Danneel, Hans-Jürgen
  id: '12231'
  last_name: Danneel
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Türck, Ralf
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Ruck, Wolfgang
  last_name: Ruck
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
  id: '68870'
  last_name: Krahl
citation:
  ama: Türck J, Funke C, Schmitt F, et al. Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent
    oligomerization of methyl oleate. <i>Fuel</i>. 2026;424. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>
  apa: Türck, J., Funke, C., Schmitt, F., Schneider, J., Danneel, H.-J., Türck, R.,
    Ruck, W., &#38; Krahl, J. (2026). Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent
    oligomerization of methyl oleate. <i>Fuel</i>, <i>424</i>, Article 139339. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>
  bjps: <b>Türck J <i>et al.</i></b> (2026) Kinetic Study and Confirmation of Epoxide-Dependent
    Oligomerization of Methyl Oleate. <i>Fuel</i> <b>424</b>.
  chicago: Türck, Julian, Carsten Funke, Fabian Schmitt, Jan Schneider, Hans-Jürgen
    Danneel, Ralf Türck, Wolfgang Ruck, and Jürgen Krahl. “Kinetic Study and Confirmation
    of Epoxide-Dependent Oligomerization of Methyl Oleate.” <i>Fuel</i> 424 (2026).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>.
  chicago-de: Türck, Julian, Carsten Funke, Fabian Schmitt, Jan Schneider, Hans-Jürgen
    Danneel, Ralf Türck, Wolfgang Ruck und Jürgen Krahl. 2026. Kinetic study and confirmation
    of epoxide-dependent oligomerization of methyl oleate. <i>Fuel</i> 424. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Julian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Funke, Carsten</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schmitt,
    Fabian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schneider, Jan</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Danneel, Hans-Jürgen</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck,
    Ralf</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ruck, Wolfgang</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Krahl, Jürgen</span>: Kinetic study and confirmation
    of epoxide-dependent oligomerization of methyl oleate. In: <i>Fuel</i> Bd. 424.
    New York, NY [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2026)'
  havard: J. Türck, C. Funke, F. Schmitt, J. Schneider, H.-J. Danneel, R. Türck, W.
    Ruck, J. Krahl, Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent oligomerization
    of methyl oleate, Fuel. 424 (2026).
  ieee: 'J. Türck <i>et al.</i>, “Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent
    oligomerization of methyl oleate,” <i>Fuel</i>, vol. 424, Art. no. 139339, 2026,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>.'
  mla: Türck, Julian, et al. “Kinetic Study and Confirmation of Epoxide-Dependent
    Oligomerization of Methyl Oleate.” <i>Fuel</i>, vol. 424, 139339, 2026, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>.
  short: J. Türck, C. Funke, F. Schmitt, J. Schneider, H.-J. Danneel, R. Türck, W.
    Ruck, J. Krahl, Fuel 424 (2026).
  ufg: '<b>Türck, Julian u. a.</b>: Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent
    oligomerization of methyl oleate, in: <i>Fuel</i> 424 (2026).'
  van: Türck J, Funke C, Schmitt F, Schneider J, Danneel HJ, Türck R, et al. Kinetic
    study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent oligomerization of methyl oleate.
    Fuel. 2026;424.
date_created: 2026-04-07T12:48:53Z
date_updated: 2026-04-08T12:14:40Z
department:
- _id: DEP4028
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339
intvolume: '       424'
language:
- iso: eng
place: New York, NY [u.a.]
publication: Fuel
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-7153
  issn:
  - 0016-2361
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent oligomerization of methyl
  oleate
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83778'
volume: 424
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '13671'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The aging of biodiesel proceeds via multiple pathways, with oligomerization
    playing a central role. In this study, we investigated an epoxide-dependent oligomerization
    pathway, which had previously only been postulated. Using methyl oleate (C18:1)
    as a model monounsaturated fatty acid and acetic acid as a representative, reactive
    nucleophile and known biodiesel aging product with a suitable boiling point, oligomeric
    products were identified by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with electrospray
    ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). The concentration
    of 20 wt% was chosen to ensure a measurable kinetic effect while maintaining stable
    reaction conditions. Furthermore, the role of methyl oleate during biodiesel aging
    was addressed. Time-resolved analysis confirmed the proposed sequential order
    of reactions. It was pointed out that elimination reactions may occur. The data
    support the formation of epoxides, despite the isobaric overlap with ketones,
    and show that hydroxyl intermediates undergo esterification and etherification.
    Moreover, experiments with pure C18:1 demonstrated that acetic acid–derived oligomers
    are generated. Under Rancimat conditions, addition of 20 wt% acetic acid resulted
    in an approximately 1.1 – 2.6 increase in product yield. Kinetic analysis revealed
    structure-dependent formation and decay behavior of the aging products, with slightly
    faster epoxidation and shifted product distributions toward higher oligomeric
    species in the presence of acetic acid. Reactive intermediates were consumed more
    rapidly than oligomeric species and all decay processes followed apparent second-order
    kinetics. These findings provide direct experimental evidence for the involvement
    of epoxide-dependent pathways in biodiesel aging.
article_number: '139339'
author:
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Türck, Julian
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Funke, Carsten
  id: '74167'
  last_name: Funke
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Schmitt, Fabian
  last_name: Schmitt
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Schneider, Jan
  id: '13209'
  last_name: Schneider
  orcid: 0000-0001-6401-8873
- first_name: Hans-Jürgen
  full_name: Danneel, Hans-Jürgen
  id: '12231'
  last_name: Danneel
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Türck, Ralf
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Ruck, Wolfgang
  last_name: Ruck
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
  id: '68870'
  last_name: Krahl
citation:
  ama: 'Türck J, Funke C, Schmitt F, et al. Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent
    oligomerization of methyl oleate. <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel
    and energy </i>. 2026;424. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>'
  apa: 'Türck, J., Funke, C., Schmitt, F., Schneider, J., Danneel, H.-J., Türck, R.,
    Ruck, W., &#38; Krahl, J. (2026). Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent
    oligomerization of methyl oleate. <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel
    and Energy </i>, <i>424</i>, Article 139339. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Türck J <i>et al.</i></b> (2026) Kinetic Study and Confirmation of Epoxide-Dependent
    Oligomerization of Methyl Oleate. <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel
    and energy </i> <b>424</b>.'
  chicago: 'Türck, Julian, Carsten Funke, Fabian Schmitt, Jan Schneider, Hans-Jürgen
    Danneel, Ralf Türck, Wolfgang Ruck, and Jürgen Krahl. “Kinetic Study and Confirmation
    of Epoxide-Dependent Oligomerization of Methyl Oleate.” <i>Fuel : The Science
    and Technology of Fuel and Energy </i> 424 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Türck, Julian, Carsten Funke, Fabian Schmitt, Jan Schneider, Hans-Jürgen
    Danneel, Ralf Türck, Wolfgang Ruck und Jürgen Krahl. 2026. Kinetic study and confirmation
    of epoxide-dependent oligomerization of methyl oleate. <i>Fuel : the science and
    technology of fuel and energy </i> 424. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Julian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Funke, Carsten</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schmitt,
    Fabian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schneider, Jan</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Danneel, Hans-Jürgen</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck,
    Ralf</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ruck, Wolfgang</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Krahl, Jürgen</span>: Kinetic study and confirmation
    of epoxide-dependent oligomerization of methyl oleate. In: <i>Fuel : the science
    and technology of fuel and energy </i> Bd. 424. Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier (2026)'
  havard: 'J. Türck, C. Funke, F. Schmitt, J. Schneider, H.-J. Danneel, R. Türck,
    W. Ruck, J. Krahl, Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent oligomerization
    of methyl oleate, Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy . 424 (2026).'
  ieee: 'J. Türck <i>et al.</i>, “Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent
    oligomerization of methyl oleate,” <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel
    and energy </i>, vol. 424, Art. no. 139339, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>.'
  mla: 'Türck, Julian, et al. “Kinetic Study and Confirmation of Epoxide-Dependent
    Oligomerization of Methyl Oleate.” <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel
    and Energy </i>, vol. 424, 139339, 2026, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339</a>.'
  short: 'J. Türck, C. Funke, F. Schmitt, J. Schneider, H.-J. Danneel, R. Türck, W.
    Ruck, J. Krahl, Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy  424 (2026).'
  ufg: '<b>Türck, Julian u. a.</b>: Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent
    oligomerization of methyl oleate, in: <i>Fuel : the science and technology of
    fuel and energy </i> 424 (2026).'
  van: 'Türck J, Funke C, Schmitt F, Schneider J, Danneel HJ, Türck R, et al. Kinetic
    study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent oligomerization of methyl oleate.
    Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy . 2026;424.'
date_created: 2026-04-07T12:49:23Z
date_updated: 2026-04-08T12:55:00Z
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339
intvolume: '       424'
keyword:
- Biodiesel aging
- Epoxide-dependent oligomerization
- Acetic acid
- Identification of aging products
- Kinetics of aging products
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
publication: 'Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy '
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-7153
  issn:
  - 0016-2361
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent oligomerization of methyl
  oleate
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 424
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '12844'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Solketal and oxymethylene ether (OME) are two promising blending candidates
    for regenerative fuels (e-fuels), which could contribute to a holistic solution
    to the energy crisis. In this study the thermo-oxidative aging of these two e-fuels
    in their pure form as well as in binary mixtures with different ratios (3:1, 1:1,
    and 1:3) (vol%) is investigated. Herein, the reaction networks of the thermo-oxidative
    aging process of both e-fuels and mixtures thereof is elucidated based on intermediates
    and decomposition products determined via GC-MS. Furthermore, changes of important
    fuel-specific parameters like kinematic viscosity and density as well as total
    acid number during aging have been determined. The 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture
    exhibits a higher stability to thermo-oxidative aging than the pure fuel components
    or mixtures with other ratios. The viscosity value of this mixture is within the
    DIN EN 590 norm after accelerated aging of 72 h (viscosity (72 h) = 4.25 mm(2)/s))
    unlike other blends. The maximum value of the total acid number of this aged mixture
    reaches only similar to 29 % of the maximum value of aged pure OME and has the
    lowest value of all mixtures. Furthermore, the formation of a precipitate could
    be successfully suppressed in the 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture different from
    other mixtures. With these findings, this study contributes to the design of new
    sustainable fuels for the transport sector.
article_number: '134738'
author:
- first_name: Anne
  full_name: Lichtinger, Anne
  last_name: Lichtinger
- first_name: Maximilian J.
  full_name: Poller, Maximilian J.
  last_name: Poller
- first_name: Olaf
  full_name: Schröder, Olaf
  last_name: Schröder
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Türck, Julian
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Garbe, Thomas
  last_name: Garbe
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
  id: '68870'
  last_name: Krahl
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Jakob, Markus
  last_name: Jakob
- first_name: Jakob
  full_name: Albert, Jakob
  last_name: Albert
citation:
  ama: 'Lichtinger A, Poller MJ, Schröder O, et al. Revealing the aging mechanisms
    of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels. <i>Fuel :
    the science and technology of fuel and energy</i>. 2025;390. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>'
  apa: 'Lichtinger, A., Poller, M. J., Schröder, O., Türck, J., Garbe, T., Krahl,
    J., Jakob, M., &#38; Albert, J. (2025). Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal,
    oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels. <i>Fuel : The Science
    and Technology of Fuel and Energy</i>, <i>390</i>, Article 134738. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Lichtinger A <i>et al.</i></b> (2025) Revealing the Aging Mechanisms of
    Solketal, Oxymethylene Ether, and Mixtures Thereof as Promising e-Fuels. <i>Fuel :
    the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> <b>390</b>.'
  chicago: 'Lichtinger, Anne, Maximilian J. Poller, Olaf Schröder, Julian Türck, Thomas
    Garbe, Jürgen Krahl, Markus Jakob, and Jakob Albert. “Revealing the Aging Mechanisms
    of Solketal, Oxymethylene Ether, and Mixtures Thereof as Promising e-Fuels.” <i>Fuel :
    The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy</i> 390 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Lichtinger, Anne, Maximilian J. Poller, Olaf Schröder, Julian Türck,
    Thomas Garbe, Jürgen Krahl, Markus Jakob und Jakob Albert. 2025. Revealing the
    aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising
    e-fuels. <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> 390. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lichtinger, Anne</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Poller, Maximilian J.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schröder,
    Olaf</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Julian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Garbe, Thomas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Krahl,
    Jürgen</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jakob, Markus</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Albert, Jakob</span>: Revealing the aging
    mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising
    e-fuels. In: <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> Bd. 390.
    Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2025)'
  havard: 'A. Lichtinger, M.J. Poller, O. Schröder, J. Türck, T. Garbe, J. Krahl,
    M. Jakob, J. Albert, Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene
    ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels, Fuel : The Science and Technology
    of Fuel and Energy. 390 (2025).'
  ieee: 'A. Lichtinger <i>et al.</i>, “Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal,
    oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels,” <i>Fuel : the
    science and technology of fuel and energy</i>, vol. 390, Art. no. 134738, 2025,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>.'
  mla: 'Lichtinger, Anne, et al. “Revealing the Aging Mechanisms of Solketal, Oxymethylene
    Ether, and Mixtures Thereof as Promising e-Fuels.” <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology
    of Fuel and Energy</i>, vol. 390, 134738, 2025, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738</a>.'
  short: 'A. Lichtinger, M.J. Poller, O. Schröder, J. Türck, T. Garbe, J. Krahl, M.
    Jakob, J. Albert, Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy 390 (2025).'
  ufg: '<b>Lichtinger, Anne u. a.</b>: Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal,
    oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels, in: <i>Fuel : the
    science and technology of fuel and energy</i> 390 (2025).'
  van: 'Lichtinger A, Poller MJ, Schröder O, Türck J, Garbe T, Krahl J, et al. Revealing
    the aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as
    promising e-fuels. Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy. 2025;390.'
date_created: 2025-04-23T12:10:42Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T07:09:35Z
department:
- _id: DEP1408
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001433299000001'
intvolume: '       390'
isi: '1'
keyword:
- E -fuels
- Solketal
- OME
- Fuel mixtures
- Aging mechanism
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
publication: 'Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-7153
  issn:
  - 0016-2361
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures
  thereof as promising e-fuels
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 390
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '12829'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Due to the fact that modern diesel engines require very well-defined fuel
    properties to ensure high efficiency, low emissions and a long durability, the
    fuel properties and their determination methods have to be standardized. Most
    diesel fuel standards allow a certain volume fraction of biodiesel that can be
    blended to fossil diesel fuel. Biodiesel consists of saturated and unsaturated
    fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) which are more susceptible to oxidation compared
    to fossil diesel fuel. Oxidation products formed by autoxidative processes can
    lead to higher emissions, a higher corrosiveness, fuel filter blocking, clogging
    of fuel injectors, the formation of deposits in the entire fuel system and a decreasing
    lubricity [1]. Therefore, oxidation needs to be prevented by the addition of oxidation
    inhibitors. These antioxidants are consumed during storage, resulting in partial
    loss of their efficiency against oxidative stress. After this induction period
    all antioxidants have been consumed and harmful oxidation products can be formed.
    For the determination of the long-term storage stability of diesel fuels rapid
    oxidation stability test methods were developed and defined by standards. In Europe,
    the most important determination methods are the Rancimat method and the rapid
    small scale oxidation test (RSSOT). Both methods differ in the construction of
    the measurement device and various parameters. However, it is not clear whether
    the results of both methods can be correlated in general. Due to the importance
    of the oxidation stability, we here describe the results of a literature research
    that was carried out using 17 literature sources. Possible correlation factors
    between the Rancimat and the RSSOT method were analyzed, showing that a universal
    correlation cannot be found. In contrast, a comparison of individual series of
    measurement, e.g. with the same antioxidant at various concentrations, can show
    a good correlation between the methods.
article_number: '120160'
author:
- first_name: Ferdinand
  full_name: Bär, Ferdinand
  last_name: Bär
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Knorr, Markus
  last_name: Knorr
- first_name: Olaf
  full_name: Schröder, Olaf
  last_name: Schröder
- first_name: Henning
  full_name: Hopf, Henning
  last_name: Hopf
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Garbe, Thomas
  last_name: Garbe
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
  id: '68870'
  last_name: Krahl
citation:
  ama: 'Bär F, Knorr M, Schröder O, Hopf H, Garbe T, Krahl J. Rancimat vs. rapid small
    scale oxidation test (RSSOT) correlation analysis, based on a comprehensive study
    of literature. <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i>. 2021;291.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160">10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160</a>'
  apa: 'Bär, F., Knorr, M., Schröder, O., Hopf, H., Garbe, T., &#38; Krahl, J. (2021).
    Rancimat vs. rapid small scale oxidation test (RSSOT) correlation analysis, based
    on a comprehensive study of literature. <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology of
    Fuel and Energy</i>, <i>291</i>, Article 120160. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Bär F <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Rancimat vs. Rapid Small Scale Oxidation
    Test (RSSOT) Correlation Analysis, Based on a Comprehensive Study of Literature.
    <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> <b>291</b>.'
  chicago: 'Bär, Ferdinand, Markus Knorr, Olaf Schröder, Henning Hopf, Thomas Garbe,
    and Jürgen Krahl. “Rancimat vs. Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT) Correlation
    Analysis, Based on a Comprehensive Study of Literature.” <i>Fuel : The Science
    and Technology of Fuel and Energy</i> 291 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Bär, Ferdinand, Markus Knorr, Olaf Schröder, Henning Hopf, Thomas Garbe
    und Jürgen Krahl. 2021. Rancimat vs. rapid small scale oxidation test (RSSOT)
    correlation analysis, based on a comprehensive study of literature. <i>Fuel :
    the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> 291. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160">10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bär, Ferdinand</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Knorr, Markus</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schröder,
    Olaf</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hopf, Henning</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Garbe, Thomas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Krahl,
    Jürgen</span>: Rancimat vs. rapid small scale oxidation test (RSSOT) correlation
    analysis, based on a comprehensive study of literature. In: <i>Fuel : the science
    and technology of fuel and energy</i> Bd. 291. Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2021)'
  havard: 'F. Bär, M. Knorr, O. Schröder, H. Hopf, T. Garbe, J. Krahl, Rancimat vs.
    rapid small scale oxidation test (RSSOT) correlation analysis, based on a comprehensive
    study of literature, Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy. 291
    (2021).'
  ieee: 'F. Bär, M. Knorr, O. Schröder, H. Hopf, T. Garbe, and J. Krahl, “Rancimat
    vs. rapid small scale oxidation test (RSSOT) correlation analysis, based on a
    comprehensive study of literature,” <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel
    and energy</i>, vol. 291, Art. no. 120160, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160">10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160</a>.'
  mla: 'Bär, Ferdinand, et al. “Rancimat vs. Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
    Correlation Analysis, Based on a Comprehensive Study of Literature.” <i>Fuel :
    The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy</i>, vol. 291, 120160, 2021, <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160</a>.'
  short: 'F. Bär, M. Knorr, O. Schröder, H. Hopf, T. Garbe, J. Krahl, Fuel : The Science
    and Technology of Fuel and Energy 291 (2021).'
  ufg: '<b>Bär, Ferdinand u. a.</b>: Rancimat vs. rapid small scale oxidation test
    (RSSOT) correlation analysis, based on a comprehensive study of literature, in:
    <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> 291 (2021).'
  van: 'Bär F, Knorr M, Schröder O, Hopf H, Garbe T, Krahl J. Rancimat vs. rapid small
    scale oxidation test (RSSOT) correlation analysis, based on a comprehensive study
    of literature. Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy. 2021;291.'
date_created: 2025-04-22T14:15:49Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T13:27:32Z
department:
- _id: DEP1408
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120160
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000651786300008'
intvolume: '       291'
isi: '1'
keyword:
- Rancimat
- PetroOxy
- RSSOT
- Biodiesel
- Diesel
- Fuel
- Oxidation stability
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
publication: 'Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-7153
  issn:
  - 0016-2361
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Rancimat vs. rapid small scale oxidation test (RSSOT) correlation analysis,
  based on a comprehensive study of literature
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 291
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '12838'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The need for new bio based drop-in components for combustion engine fuels
    and the availability of sustainable glycerol from biodiesel production has focused
    attention on isopropylidene glycerol (solketal). The present study investigates
    the physical and chemical behavior of solketal in ternary blends with diesel fuel/biodiesel.
    Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) was used as renewable non-polar aliphatic diesel
    fuel substitute in biodiesel/ solketal blends. HVO can be considered a prototype
    for other non-polar fuel components such as paraffinic fuel streams from Fischer-Tropsch
    or BtL processes. Surface tension, permittivity and aging behavior were analyzed.
    Furthermore, the cetane number (CN) and the viscosity was determined. Permittivity
    reflects the polarity of blends and their components with its change being an
    indicator of loss of physical and chemical stability. The antioxidant triphenyl
    phosphorothioate (TPPT) was also tested in some blends. The biodiesel blends B20,
    B30 and B40 enables single phased diesel fuel or HVO with varied solketal content
    (2 and 10%) at a constant biodiesel amount. No effect of solketal on fuel aging
    was observed. However, HVO-containing blends tend to lower the thermo-chemical
    stability relative to diesel fuel.
article_number: '122463'
author:
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Türck, Julian
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Anja
  full_name: Singer, Anja
  last_name: Singer
- first_name: Anne
  full_name: Lichtinger, Anne
  last_name: Lichtinger
- first_name: Mohammad
  full_name: Almaddad, Mohammad
  last_name: Almaddad
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Türck, Ralf
  last_name: Türck
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Jakob, Markus
  last_name: Jakob
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Garbe, Thomas
  last_name: Garbe
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Ruck, Wolfgang
  last_name: Ruck
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
  id: '68870'
  last_name: Krahl
citation:
  ama: 'Türck J, Singer A, Lichtinger A, et al. Solketal as a renewable fuel component
    in ternary blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical
    and chemical properties. <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i>.
    2021;310. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>'
  apa: 'Türck, J., Singer, A., Lichtinger, A., Almaddad, M., Türck, R., Jakob, M.,
    Garbe, T., Ruck, W., &#38; Krahl, J. (2021). Solketal as a renewable fuel component
    in ternary blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical
    and chemical properties. <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy</i>,
    <i>310</i>, Article 122463. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Türck J <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Solketal as a Renewable Fuel Component
    in Ternary Blends with Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel or HVO and the Impact on Physical
    and Chemical Properties. <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i>
    <b>310</b>.'
  chicago: 'Türck, Julian, Anja Singer, Anne Lichtinger, Mohammad Almaddad, Ralf Türck,
    Markus Jakob, Thomas Garbe, Wolfgang Ruck, and Jürgen Krahl. “Solketal as a Renewable
    Fuel Component in Ternary Blends with Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel or HVO and the
    Impact on Physical and Chemical Properties.” <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology
    of Fuel and Energy</i> 310 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Türck, Julian, Anja Singer, Anne Lichtinger, Mohammad Almaddad, Ralf
    Türck, Markus Jakob, Thomas Garbe, Wolfgang Ruck und Jürgen Krahl. 2021. Solketal
    as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel
    or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical properties. <i>Fuel : the science
    and technology of fuel and energy</i> 310. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck,
    Julian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Singer, Anja</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lichtinger, Anne</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Almaddad,
    Mohammad</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Türck, Ralf</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jakob, Markus</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Garbe,
    Thomas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ruck, Wolfgang</span> ;
    u. a.</span>: Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends with biodiesel
    and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical properties. In:
    <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> Bd. 310. Amsterdam
    [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2021)'
  havard: 'J. Türck, A. Singer, A. Lichtinger, M. Almaddad, R. Türck, M. Jakob, T.
    Garbe, W. Ruck, J. Krahl, Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends
    with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical
    properties, Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy. 310 (2021).'
  ieee: 'J. Türck <i>et al.</i>, “Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary
    blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical
    properties,” <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i>, vol.
    310, Art. no. 122463, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>.'
  mla: 'Türck, Julian, et al. “Solketal as a Renewable Fuel Component in Ternary Blends
    with Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel or HVO and the Impact on Physical and Chemical
    Properties.” <i>Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy</i>, vol.
    310, 122463, 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463</a>.'
  short: 'J. Türck, A. Singer, A. Lichtinger, M. Almaddad, R. Türck, M. Jakob, T.
    Garbe, W. Ruck, J. Krahl, Fuel : The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy
    310 (2021).'
  ufg: '<b>Türck, Julian u. a.</b>: Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary
    blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical
    properties, in: <i>Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy</i> 310
    (2021).'
  van: 'Türck J, Singer A, Lichtinger A, Almaddad M, Türck R, Jakob M, et al. Solketal
    as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel
    or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical properties. Fuel : the science
    and technology of fuel and energy. 2021;310.'
date_created: 2025-04-23T08:54:08Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T13:25:06Z
department:
- _id: DEP1408
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000741390500002'
intvolume: '       310'
isi: '1'
keyword:
- Solketal
- Biodiesel
- HVO
- Diesel fuel
- Miscibility
- Fuel aging
- Cetane Number
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
publication: 'Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-7153
  issn:
  - 0016-2361
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends with biodiesel and
  diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical properties
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 310
year: '2021'
...