---
_id: '12832'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Formulating energy policies at national, European, and global levels is extremely
challenging. The move away from fossil fuels is associated with a variety of technological,
economic, and social implications, each of which is subject to dynamic changes
and societal scrutiny and can hardly be predicted with certainty. Therefore, a
fact-based assessment for the path to a sustainable green energy future is sought
out in this paper, using the road-based mobility sector of the Federal Republic
of Germany as an example. The analysis performed in this paper is built on publicly
accessible, reputable sources like DESTATIS and EUROSTAT. In addition, some very
simple calculations were made, e.g., on the potential for wind and photovoltaic
energy within Germany. Such an analysis needs to start with the overall energy
consumption of any one country. A basic assumption of the paper is that the energy
system of the future will be based to a large extent on electricity and its storage
in chemical energy. It is assumed that, in addition to hydrogen, liquid energy
sources will play a significant role due to the simplicity of their logistics
and the subsequent implications on cost. Examples of green, electricity-based
fuels with great potential are methanol, methane, and ammonia. Additionally, biomass
plays an important role, either for direct use as a fuel or as a source of non-fossil
carbon. Today, biofuels, i.e., biodiesel and bioethanol, deliver the largest contribution
to climate protection in the EU transport sector. The main goal—the reduction
of greenhouse gas emissions—often collides with geopolitical circumstances or
national political necessities. This includes, for example, the current world
market situation and its national impacts caused by the Russian attack on Ukraine.
The prospect for a green, sustainable, and defossilized energy supply are discussed
in this context. The paper concludes that a defossilized world energy supply and
trade based on renewable electricity and its derivatives, eHydrogen and refuels,
and on biomass, is feasible.
article_number: '4569'
author:
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Atzler, Frank
last_name: Atzler
- first_name: Julian
full_name: Türck, Julian
last_name: Türck
- first_name: Ralf
full_name: Türck, Ralf
last_name: Türck
- first_name: Jürgen
full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
id: '68870'
last_name: Krahl
citation:
ama: 'Atzler F, Türck J, Türck R, Krahl J. The Energy Situation in the Federal Republic
of Germany: Analysis of the Current Situation and Perspectives for a Non-Fossil
Energy Supply. Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research,
technology development and studies in policy and management . 2023;16(12).
doi:10.3390/en16124569'
apa: 'Atzler, F., Türck, J., Türck, R., & Krahl, J. (2023). The Energy Situation
in the Federal Republic of Germany: Analysis of the Current Situation and Perspectives
for a Non-Fossil Energy Supply. Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related
Scientific Research, Technology Development and Studies in Policy and Management
, 16(12), Article 4569. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124569'
bjps: 'Atzler F et al. (2023) The Energy Situation in the Federal
Republic of Germany: Analysis of the Current Situation and Perspectives for a
Non-Fossil Energy Supply. Energies : open-access journal of related scientific
research, technology development and studies in policy and management 16.'
chicago: 'Atzler, Frank, Julian Türck, Ralf Türck, and Jürgen Krahl. “The Energy
Situation in the Federal Republic of Germany: Analysis of the Current Situation
and Perspectives for a Non-Fossil Energy Supply.” Energies : Open-Access
Journal of Related Scientific Research, Technology Development and Studies in
Policy and Management 16, no. 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124569.'
chicago-de: 'Atzler, Frank, Julian Türck, Ralf Türck und Jürgen Krahl. 2023. The
Energy Situation in the Federal Republic of Germany: Analysis of the Current Situation
and Perspectives for a Non-Fossil Energy Supply. Energies : open-access journal
of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and
management 16, Nr. 12. doi:10.3390/en16124569,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Atzler, Frank ; Türck, Julian ; Türck,
Ralf ; Krahl, Jürgen: The
Energy Situation in the Federal Republic of Germany: Analysis of the Current Situation
and Perspectives for a Non-Fossil Energy Supply. In: Energies : open-access
journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in
policy and management Bd. 16. Basel, MDPI AG (2023), Nr. 12'
havard: 'F. Atzler, J. Türck, R. Türck, J. Krahl, The Energy Situation in the Federal
Republic of Germany: Analysis of the Current Situation and Perspectives for a
Non-Fossil Energy Supply, Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific
Research, Technology Development and Studies in Policy and Management . 16 (2023).'
ieee: 'F. Atzler, J. Türck, R. Türck, and J. Krahl, “The Energy Situation in the
Federal Republic of Germany: Analysis of the Current Situation and Perspectives
for a Non-Fossil Energy Supply,” Energies : open-access journal of related
scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management
, vol. 16, no. 12, Art. no. 4569, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16124569.'
mla: 'Atzler, Frank, et al. “The Energy Situation in the Federal Republic of Germany:
Analysis of the Current Situation and Perspectives for a Non-Fossil Energy Supply.”
Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific Research, Technology
Development and Studies in Policy and Management , vol. 16, no. 12, 4569,
2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124569.'
short: 'F. Atzler, J. Türck, R. Türck, J. Krahl, Energies : Open-Access Journal
of Related Scientific Research, Technology Development and Studies in Policy and
Management 16 (2023).'
ufg: 'Atzler, Frank u. a.: The Energy Situation in the Federal Republic of
Germany: Analysis of the Current Situation and Perspectives for a Non-Fossil Energy
Supply, in: Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research,
technology development and studies in policy and management 16 (2023), H.
12.'
van: 'Atzler F, Türck J, Türck R, Krahl J. The Energy Situation in the Federal Republic
of Germany: Analysis of the Current Situation and Perspectives for a Non-Fossil
Energy Supply. Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research,
technology development and studies in policy and management . 2023;16(12).'
date_created: 2025-04-23T08:23:33Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T07:46:30Z
department:
- _id: DEP1408
doi: 10.3390/en16124569
external_id:
isi:
- '001014241500001'
intvolume: ' 16'
isi: '1'
issue: '12'
keyword:
- eFuels
- biomass
- bioFuels
- energy transition
- energy supply
- defossilation
- mobility
- energy storage
- energy transport
- regenerative energy
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: ' Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology
development and studies in policy and management '
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1996-1073
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
status: public
title: 'The Energy Situation in the Federal Republic of Germany: Analysis of the Current
Situation and Perspectives for a Non-Fossil Energy Supply'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 16
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12836'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The complexity of biodiesel aging has shown that the mechanism needs further
research. The rate of aging product formation and associated interactions can
help improve fuel quality. Since biodiesel is a multicomponent system and constant
changes occur in the chemical environment, which interactions yield which products
must be shown in more detail. Particularly under observation was the correlation
between peroxides and epoxides. In addition, it is critical that the influence
and interactions of new drop-in fuel candidates be investigated. In this work,
the kinetics of the formation of aging products of methyl oleate (C18:1) are studied.
The aim was to reduce the complexity in order to be able to make more precise
and detailed statements about the mechanism. Ketones, acids, peroxide, and epoxide
values were recorded. A distinction is made between pure methyl oleate and mixtures
with 3 wt% isopropylidene glycerine (solketal). After solketal decomposed in the
blends, the aging process showed changes. The influence of solketal resulted in
a higher number of acids and epoxides over time. It implied that peroxides are
not necessarily the precursor of epoxides. In summary, correlation and solketal’s
influence showed that a sequence of aging products could be detected.
article_number: '3253'
author:
- first_name: Julian
full_name: Türck, Julian
last_name: Türck
- first_name: Fabian
full_name: Schmitt, Fabian
last_name: Schmitt
- first_name: Lukas
full_name: Anthofer, Lukas
last_name: Anthofer
- first_name: Anne
full_name: Lichtinger, Anne
last_name: Lichtinger
- first_name: Ralf
full_name: Türck, Ralf
last_name: Türck
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Ruck, Wolfgang
last_name: Ruck
- first_name: Jürgen
full_name: Krahl, Jürgen
id: '68870'
last_name: Krahl
citation:
ama: 'Türck J, Schmitt F, Anthofer L, et al. Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate
and as a Blend with Solketal. Energies : open-access journal of related scientific
research, technology development and studies in policy and management. 2023;16(7).
doi:10.3390/en16073253'
apa: 'Türck, J., Schmitt, F., Anthofer, L., Lichtinger, A., Türck, R., Ruck, W.,
& Krahl, J. (2023). Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend
with Solketal. Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific Research,
Technology Development and Studies in Policy and Management, 16(7),
Article 3253. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253'
bjps: 'Türck J et al. (2023) Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate
and as a Blend with Solketal. Energies : open-access journal of related scientific
research, technology development and studies in policy and management 16.'
chicago: 'Türck, Julian, Fabian Schmitt, Lukas Anthofer, Anne Lichtinger, Ralf Türck,
Wolfgang Ruck, and Jürgen Krahl. “Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and
as a Blend with Solketal.” Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific
Research, Technology Development and Studies in Policy and Management 16,
no. 7 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253.'
chicago-de: 'Türck, Julian, Fabian Schmitt, Lukas Anthofer, Anne Lichtinger, Ralf
Türck, Wolfgang Ruck und Jürgen Krahl. 2023. Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl
Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal. Energies : open-access journal of related
scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management
16, Nr. 7. doi:10.3390/en16073253,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Türck, Julian ; Schmitt, Fabian ; Anthofer,
Lukas ; Lichtinger, Anne
; Türck, Ralf ; Ruck,
Wolfgang ; Krahl, Jürgen:
Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal. In: Energies :
open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and
studies in policy and management Bd. 16. Basel, MDPI AG (2023), Nr. 7'
havard: 'J. Türck, F. Schmitt, L. Anthofer, A. Lichtinger, R. Türck, W. Ruck, J.
Krahl, Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal,
Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific Research, Technology Development
and Studies in Policy and Management. 16 (2023).'
ieee: 'J. Türck et al., “Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as
a Blend with Solketal,” Energies : open-access journal of related scientific
research, technology development and studies in policy and management, vol.
16, no. 7, Art. no. 3253, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16073253.'
mla: 'Türck, Julian, et al. “Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend
with Solketal.” Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific Research,
Technology Development and Studies in Policy and Management, vol. 16, no.
7, 3253, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073253.'
short: 'J. Türck, F. Schmitt, L. Anthofer, A. Lichtinger, R. Türck, W. Ruck, J.
Krahl, Energies : Open-Access Journal of Related Scientific Research, Technology
Development and Studies in Policy and Management 16 (2023).'
ufg: 'Türck, Julian u. a.: Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as
a Blend with Solketal, in: Energies : open-access journal of related scientific
research, technology development and studies in policy and management 16 (2023),
H. 7.'
van: 'Türck J, Schmitt F, Anthofer L, Lichtinger A, Türck R, Ruck W, et al. Oxidation
Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal. Energies : open-access
journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in
policy and management. 2023;16(7).'
date_created: 2025-04-23T08:48:40Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T13:13:39Z
department:
- _id: DEP1408
doi: 10.3390/en16073253
external_id:
isi:
- '000969447200001'
intvolume: ' 16'
isi: '1'
issue: '7'
keyword:
- oxidation kinetics
- biodiesel aging
- methyl oleate
- solketal
- alcohol influence
- sequence of aging products
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: 'Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology
development and studies in policy and management'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1996-1073
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
status: public
title: Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 16
year: '2023'
...