@misc{12211,
  abstract     = {{Aquatic ecosystems are threatened by eutrophication from nutrient pollution. In lakes, eutrophication causes a plethora of deleterious effects, such as harmful algal blooms, fish kills and increased methane emissions. However, lake-specific responses to nutrient changes are highly variable, complicating eutrophication management. These lake-specific responses could result from short-term stochastic drivers overshadowing lake-independent, long-term relationships between phytoplankton and nutrients. Here, we show that strong stoichiometric long-term relationships exist between nutrients and chlorophyll a (Chla) for 5-year simple moving averages (SMA, median R² = 0.87) along a gradient of total nitrogen to total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratios. These stoichiometric relationships are consistent across 159 shallow lakes (defined as average depth < 6 m) from a cross-continental, open-access database. We calculate 5-year SMA residuals to assess short-term variability and find substantial short-term Chla variation which is weakly related to nutrient concentrations (median R² = 0.12). With shallow lakes representing 89% of the world’s lakes, the identified stoichiometric long-term relationships can globally improve quantitative nutrient management in both lakes and their catchments through a nutrient-ratio-based strategy.}},
  author       = {{Graeber, Daniel and McCarthy, Mark J. and Shatwell, Tom and Borchardt, Dietrich and Jeppesen, Erik and Søndergaard, Martin and Lauridsen, Torben L. and Davidson, Thomas A.}},
  booktitle    = {{Nature Communications}},
  issn         = {{2041-1723}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Nature}},
  title        = {{{Consistent stoichiometric long-term relationships between nutrients and chlorophyll-a across shallow lakes}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12229,
  abstract     = {{One of the most important physical characteristics driving lifecycle events in lakes is stratification. Already subtle variations in the timing of stratification onset and break-up (phenology) are known to have major ecological effects, mainly by determining the availability of light, nutrients, carbon and oxygen to organisms. Despite its ecological importance, historic and future global changes in stratification phenology are unknown. Here, we used a lake-climate model ensemble and long-term observational data, to investigate changes in lake stratification phenology across the Northern Hemisphere from 1901 to 2099. Under the high-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario, stratification will begin 22.0 ± 7.0 days earlier and end 11.3 ± 4.7 days later by the end of this century. It is very likely that this 33.3 ± 11.7 day prolongation in stratification will accelerate lake deoxygenation with subsequent effects on nutrient mineralization and phosphorus release from lake sediments. Further misalignment of lifecycle events, with possible irreversible changes for lake ecosystems, is also likely.}},
  author       = {{Woolway, R. Iestyn and Sharma, Sapna and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. and Debolskiy, Andrey and Golub, Malgorzata and Mercado-Bettín, Daniel and Perroud, Marjorie and Stepanenko, Victor and Tan, Zeli and Grant, Luke and Ladwig, Robert and Mesman, Jorrit and Moore, Tadhg N. and Shatwell, Tom and Vanderkelen, Inne and Austin, Jay A. and DeGasperi, Curtis L. and Dokulil, Martin and La Fuente, Sofia and Mackay, Eleanor B. and Schladow, S. Geoffrey and Watanabe, Shohei and Marcé, Rafael and Pierson, Don C. and Thiery, Wim and Jennings, Eleanor}},
  booktitle    = {{Nature Communications}},
  issn         = {{2041-1723}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{ Springer Nature }},
  title        = {{{Phenological shifts in lake stratification under climate change}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}