---
_id: '12211'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Aquatic ecosystems are threatened by eutrophication from nutrient pollution.
    In lakes, eutrophication causes a plethora of deleterious effects, such as harmful
    algal blooms, fish kills and increased methane emissions. However, lake-specific
    responses to nutrient changes are highly variable, complicating eutrophication
    management. These lake-specific responses could result from short-term stochastic
    drivers overshadowing lake-independent, long-term relationships between phytoplankton
    and nutrients. Here, we show that strong stoichiometric long-term relationships
    exist between nutrients and chlorophyll a (Chla) for 5-year simple moving averages
    (SMA, median R² = 0.87) along a gradient of total nitrogen to total phosphorus
    (TN:TP) ratios. These stoichiometric relationships are consistent across 159 shallow
    lakes (defined as average depth < 6 m) from a cross-continental, open-access database.
    We calculate 5-year SMA residuals to assess short-term variability and find substantial
    short-term Chla variation which is weakly related to nutrient concentrations (median
    R² = 0.12). With shallow lakes representing 89% of the world’s lakes, the identified
    stoichiometric long-term relationships can globally improve quantitative nutrient
    management in both lakes and their catchments through a nutrient-ratio-based strategy.
article_number: '809'
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Graeber, Daniel
  last_name: Graeber
- first_name: Mark J.
  full_name: McCarthy, Mark J.
  last_name: McCarthy
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Dietrich
  full_name: Borchardt, Dietrich
  last_name: Borchardt
- first_name: Erik
  full_name: Jeppesen, Erik
  last_name: Jeppesen
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Søndergaard, Martin
  last_name: Søndergaard
- first_name: Torben L.
  full_name: Lauridsen, Torben L.
  last_name: Lauridsen
- first_name: Thomas A.
  full_name: Davidson, Thomas A.
  last_name: Davidson
citation:
  ama: Graeber D, McCarthy MJ, Shatwell T, et al. Consistent stoichiometric long-term
    relationships between nutrients and chlorophyll-a across shallow lakes. <i>Nature
    Communications</i>. 2024;15(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3">10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3</a>
  apa: Graeber, D., McCarthy, M. J., Shatwell, T., Borchardt, D., Jeppesen, E., Søndergaard,
    M., Lauridsen, T. L., &#38; Davidson, T. A. (2024). Consistent stoichiometric
    long-term relationships between nutrients and chlorophyll-a across shallow lakes.
    <i>Nature Communications</i>, <i>15</i>(1), Article 809. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3</a>
  bjps: <b>Graeber D <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) Consistent Stoichiometric Long-Term
    Relationships between Nutrients and Chlorophyll-a across Shallow Lakes. <i>Nature
    Communications</i> <b>15</b>.
  chicago: Graeber, Daniel, Mark J. McCarthy, Tom Shatwell, Dietrich Borchardt, Erik
    Jeppesen, Martin Søndergaard, Torben L. Lauridsen, and Thomas A. Davidson. “Consistent
    Stoichiometric Long-Term Relationships between Nutrients and Chlorophyll-a across
    Shallow Lakes.” <i>Nature Communications</i> 15, no. 1 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3</a>.
  chicago-de: Graeber, Daniel, Mark J. McCarthy, Tom Shatwell, Dietrich Borchardt,
    Erik Jeppesen, Martin Søndergaard, Torben L. Lauridsen und Thomas A. Davidson.
    2024. Consistent stoichiometric long-term relationships between nutrients and
    chlorophyll-a across shallow lakes. <i>Nature Communications</i> 15, Nr. 1. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3">10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Graeber, Daniel</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">McCarthy, Mark J.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell,
    Tom</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Borchardt, Dietrich</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jeppesen, Erik</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Søndergaard,
    Martin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lauridsen, Torben L.</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Davidson, Thomas A.</span>: Consistent
    stoichiometric long-term relationships between nutrients and chlorophyll-a across
    shallow lakes. In: <i>Nature Communications</i> Bd. 15. London, Springer Nature
    (2024), Nr. 1'
  havard: D. Graeber, M.J. McCarthy, T. Shatwell, D. Borchardt, E. Jeppesen, M. Søndergaard,
    T.L. Lauridsen, T.A. Davidson, Consistent stoichiometric long-term relationships
    between nutrients and chlorophyll-a across shallow lakes, Nature Communications.
    15 (2024).
  ieee: 'D. Graeber <i>et al.</i>, “Consistent stoichiometric long-term relationships
    between nutrients and chlorophyll-a across shallow lakes,” <i>Nature Communications</i>,
    vol. 15, no. 1, Art. no. 809, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3">10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3</a>.'
  mla: Graeber, Daniel, et al. “Consistent Stoichiometric Long-Term Relationships
    between Nutrients and Chlorophyll-a across Shallow Lakes.” <i>Nature Communications</i>,
    vol. 15, no. 1, 809, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3</a>.
  short: D. Graeber, M.J. McCarthy, T. Shatwell, D. Borchardt, E. Jeppesen, M. Søndergaard,
    T.L. Lauridsen, T.A. Davidson, Nature Communications 15 (2024).
  ufg: '<b>Graeber, Daniel u. a.</b>: Consistent stoichiometric long-term relationships
    between nutrients and chlorophyll-a across shallow lakes, in: <i>Nature Communications</i>
    15 (2024), H. 1.'
  van: Graeber D, McCarthy MJ, Shatwell T, Borchardt D, Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M,
    et al. Consistent stoichiometric long-term relationships between nutrients and
    chlorophyll-a across shallow lakes. Nature Communications. 2024;15(1).
date_created: 2024-12-08T19:36:35Z
date_updated: 2024-12-11T14:09:26Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
place: London
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Consistent stoichiometric long-term relationships between nutrients and chlorophyll-a
  across shallow lakes
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 15
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '12229'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: One of the most important physical characteristics driving lifecycle events
    in lakes is stratification. Already subtle variations in the timing of stratification
    onset and break-up (phenology) are known to have major ecological effects, mainly
    by determining the availability of light, nutrients, carbon and oxygen to organisms.
    Despite its ecological importance, historic and future global changes in stratification
    phenology are unknown. Here, we used a lake-climate model ensemble and long-term
    observational data, to investigate changes in lake stratification phenology across
    the Northern Hemisphere from 1901 to 2099. Under the high-greenhouse-gas-emission
    scenario, stratification will begin 22.0 ± 7.0 days earlier and end 11.3 ± 4.7
    days later by the end of this century. It is very likely that this 33.3 ± 11.7
    day prolongation in stratification will accelerate lake deoxygenation with subsequent
    effects on nutrient mineralization and phosphorus release from lake sediments.
    Further misalignment of lifecycle events, with possible irreversible changes for
    lake ecosystems, is also likely.
article_number: '2318'
author:
- first_name: R. Iestyn
  full_name: Woolway, R. Iestyn
  last_name: Woolway
- first_name: Sapna
  full_name: Sharma, Sapna
  last_name: Sharma
- first_name: Gesa A.
  full_name: Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
  last_name: Weyhenmeyer
- first_name: Andrey
  full_name: Debolskiy, Andrey
  last_name: Debolskiy
- first_name: Malgorzata
  full_name: Golub, Malgorzata
  last_name: Golub
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Mercado-Bettín, Daniel
  last_name: Mercado-Bettín
- first_name: Marjorie
  full_name: Perroud, Marjorie
  last_name: Perroud
- first_name: Victor
  full_name: Stepanenko, Victor
  last_name: Stepanenko
- first_name: Zeli
  full_name: Tan, Zeli
  last_name: Tan
- first_name: Luke
  full_name: Grant, Luke
  last_name: Grant
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Ladwig, Robert
  last_name: Ladwig
- first_name: Jorrit
  full_name: Mesman, Jorrit
  last_name: Mesman
- first_name: Tadhg N.
  full_name: Moore, Tadhg N.
  last_name: Moore
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Inne
  full_name: Vanderkelen, Inne
  last_name: Vanderkelen
- first_name: Jay A.
  full_name: Austin, Jay A.
  last_name: Austin
- first_name: Curtis L.
  full_name: DeGasperi, Curtis L.
  last_name: DeGasperi
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Dokulil, Martin
  last_name: Dokulil
- first_name: Sofia
  full_name: La Fuente, Sofia
  last_name: La Fuente
- first_name: Eleanor B.
  full_name: Mackay, Eleanor B.
  last_name: Mackay
- first_name: S. Geoffrey
  full_name: Schladow, S. Geoffrey
  last_name: Schladow
- first_name: Shohei
  full_name: Watanabe, Shohei
  last_name: Watanabe
- first_name: Rafael
  full_name: Marcé, Rafael
  last_name: Marcé
- first_name: Don C.
  full_name: Pierson, Don C.
  last_name: Pierson
- first_name: Wim
  full_name: Thiery, Wim
  last_name: Thiery
- first_name: Eleanor
  full_name: Jennings, Eleanor
  last_name: Jennings
citation:
  ama: Woolway RI, Sharma S, Weyhenmeyer GA, et al. Phenological shifts in lake stratification
    under climate change. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2021;12(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4">10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4</a>
  apa: Woolway, R. I., Sharma, S., Weyhenmeyer, G. A., Debolskiy, A., Golub, M., Mercado-Bettín,
    D., Perroud, M., Stepanenko, V., Tan, Z., Grant, L., Ladwig, R., Mesman, J., Moore,
    T. N., Shatwell, T., Vanderkelen, I., Austin, J. A., DeGasperi, C. L., Dokulil,
    M., La Fuente, S., … Jennings, E. (2021). Phenological shifts in lake stratification
    under climate change. <i>Nature Communications</i>, <i>12</i>(1), Article 2318.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4</a>
  bjps: <b>Woolway RI <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Phenological Shifts in Lake Stratification
    under Climate Change. <i>Nature Communications</i> <b>12</b>.
  chicago: Woolway, R. Iestyn, Sapna Sharma, Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer, Andrey Debolskiy,
    Malgorzata Golub, Daniel Mercado-Bettín, Marjorie Perroud, et al. “Phenological
    Shifts in Lake Stratification under Climate Change.” <i>Nature Communications</i>
    12, no. 1 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4</a>.
  chicago-de: Woolway, R. Iestyn, Sapna Sharma, Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer, Andrey Debolskiy,
    Malgorzata Golub, Daniel Mercado-Bettín, Marjorie Perroud, u. a. 2021. Phenological
    shifts in lake stratification under climate change. <i>Nature Communications</i>
    12, Nr. 1. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4">10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Woolway,
    R. Iestyn</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sharma, Sapna</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Debolskiy,
    Andrey</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Golub, Malgorzata</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mercado-Bettín, Daniel</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Perroud, Marjorie</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Stepanenko,
    Victor</span> ; u. a.</span>: Phenological shifts in lake stratification under
    climate change. In: <i>Nature Communications</i> Bd. 12. London,  Springer Nature  (2021),
    Nr. 1'
  havard: R.I. Woolway, S. Sharma, G.A. Weyhenmeyer, A. Debolskiy, M. Golub, D. Mercado-Bettín,
    M. Perroud, V. Stepanenko, Z. Tan, L. Grant, R. Ladwig, J. Mesman, T.N. Moore,
    T. Shatwell, I. Vanderkelen, J.A. Austin, C.L. DeGasperi, M. Dokulil, S. La Fuente,
    E.B. Mackay, S.G. Schladow, S. Watanabe, R. Marcé, D.C. Pierson, W. Thiery, E.
    Jennings, Phenological shifts in lake stratification under climate change, Nature
    Communications. 12 (2021).
  ieee: 'R. I. Woolway <i>et al.</i>, “Phenological shifts in lake stratification
    under climate change,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no.
    2318, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4">10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4</a>.'
  mla: Woolway, R. Iestyn, et al. “Phenological Shifts in Lake Stratification under
    Climate Change.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, 2318, 2021, <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4</a>.
  short: R.I. Woolway, S. Sharma, G.A. Weyhenmeyer, A. Debolskiy, M. Golub, D. Mercado-Bettín,
    M. Perroud, V. Stepanenko, Z. Tan, L. Grant, R. Ladwig, J. Mesman, T.N. Moore,
    T. Shatwell, I. Vanderkelen, J.A. Austin, C.L. DeGasperi, M. Dokulil, S. La Fuente,
    E.B. Mackay, S.G. Schladow, S. Watanabe, R. Marcé, D.C. Pierson, W. Thiery, E.
    Jennings, Nature Communications 12 (2021).
  ufg: '<b>Woolway, R. Iestyn u. a.</b>: Phenological shifts in lake stratification
    under climate change, in: <i>Nature Communications</i> 12 (2021), H. 1.'
  van: Woolway RI, Sharma S, Weyhenmeyer GA, Debolskiy A, Golub M, Mercado-Bettín
    D, et al. Phenological shifts in lake stratification under climate change. Nature
    Communications. 2021;12(1).
date_created: 2024-12-08T20:01:43Z
date_updated: 2024-12-11T07:56:16Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4
place: London
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: ' Springer Nature '
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Phenological shifts in lake stratification under climate change
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83778'
volume: 12
year: '2021'
...