---
_id: '12940'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: There are limited data on Lyme borreliosis (LB), a tick-borne disease caused
    by the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, in horses. Seropositivity is not
    necessarily associated with clinical disease. Data on seropositivity against Borrelia
    burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in German horses are sparse. Therefore,
    serum samples from horses (n = 123) suspected of having Lyme borreliosis and clinically
    healthy horses (n = 113) from the same stables were tested for specific antibodies
    against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The samples
    were screened for antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi (ELISA and an IgG line
    immunoblot assay). Furthermore, the samples were examined for antibodies against
    B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum with a validated rapid in-house test
    (SNAP® 4Dx Plus® ELISA). The clinical signs of suspect horses included lameness
    (n = 36), poor performance (n = 19), and apathy (n = 12). Twenty-three percent
    (n = 26) of suspect horses and 17% (n = 18) of clinically healthy horses were
    seropositive for having a Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection (p = 0.371),
    showing that the detection of specific antibodies against B. burgdorferi alone
    is not sufficient for a diagnosis of equine LB. Anaplasma phagocytophilum seropositivity
    and seropositivity against both pathogens was 20%/6% in suspect horses and 16%/2%
    in the clinically healthy population, showing only minor differences (p = 0.108).
    Unspecific testing for antibodies against B. burgdorferi without clinical suspicion
    of Lyme borreliosis is not recommended since the clinical relevance of seropositivity
    against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato remains to be elucidated.
article_number: '1984'
author:
- first_name: Heidrun
  full_name: Gehlen, Heidrun
  last_name: Gehlen
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Inerle, Katharina
  last_name: Inerle
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bartel, Alexander
  last_name: Bartel
- first_name: Sabita Diana
  full_name: Stöckle, Sabita Diana
  last_name: Stöckle
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Beatrice
  full_name: Briese, Beatrice
  last_name: Briese
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
citation:
  ama: Gehlen H, Inerle K, Bartel A, et al. Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi
    sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections in German Horses. <i>Animals</i>.
    2023;13(12). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121984">10.3390/ani13121984</a>
  apa: Gehlen, H., Inerle, K., Bartel, A., Stöckle, S. D., Ulrich, S., Briese, B.,
    &#38; Straubinger, R. K. (2023). Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu
    lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections in German Horses. <i>Animals</i>,
    <i>13</i>(12), Article 1984. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121984">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121984</a>
  bjps: <b>Gehlen H <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) Seroprevalence of Borrelia Burgdorferi
    Sensu Lato and Anaplasma Phagocytophilum Infections in German Horses. <i>Animals</i>
    <b>13</b>.
  chicago: Gehlen, Heidrun, Katharina Inerle, Alexander Bartel, Sabita Diana Stöckle,
    Sebastian Ulrich, Beatrice Briese, and Reinhard K. Straubinger. “Seroprevalence
    of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato and Anaplasma Phagocytophilum Infections in
    German Horses.” <i>Animals</i> 13, no. 12 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121984">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121984</a>.
  chicago-de: Gehlen, Heidrun, Katharina Inerle, Alexander Bartel, Sabita Diana Stöckle,
    Sebastian Ulrich, Beatrice Briese und Reinhard K. Straubinger. 2023. Seroprevalence
    of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections in
    German Horses. <i>Animals</i> 13, Nr. 12. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121984">10.3390/ani13121984</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gehlen, Heidrun</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Inerle, Katharina</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bartel,
    Alexander</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Stöckle, Sabita Diana</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich, Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Briese,
    Beatrice</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger, Reinhard
    K.</span>: Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum
    Infections in German Horses. In: <i>Animals</i> Bd. 13. Basel, MDPI AG (2023),
    Nr. 12'
  havard: H. Gehlen, K. Inerle, A. Bartel, S.D. Stöckle, S. Ulrich, B. Briese, R.K.
    Straubinger, Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum
    Infections in German Horses, Animals. 13 (2023).
  ieee: 'H. Gehlen <i>et al.</i>, “Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
    and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections in German Horses,” <i>Animals</i>, vol.
    13, no. 12, Art. no. 1984, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121984">10.3390/ani13121984</a>.'
  mla: Gehlen, Heidrun, et al. “Seroprevalence of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato
    and Anaplasma Phagocytophilum Infections in German Horses.” <i>Animals</i>, vol.
    13, no. 12, 1984, 2023, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121984">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121984</a>.
  short: H. Gehlen, K. Inerle, A. Bartel, S.D. Stöckle, S. Ulrich, B. Briese, R.K.
    Straubinger, Animals 13 (2023).
  ufg: '<b>Gehlen, Heidrun u. a.</b>: Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu
    lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections in German Horses, in: <i>Animals</i>
    13 (2023), H. 12.'
  van: Gehlen H, Inerle K, Bartel A, Stöckle SD, Ulrich S, Briese B, et al. Seroprevalence
    of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections in
    German Horses. Animals. 2023;13(12).
date_created: 2025-06-15T09:35:35Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T09:16:39Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3390/ani13121984
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '12'
keyword:
- equine Lyme borreliosis
- equine granulocytic anaplasmosis
- seroprevalence
- co-infection
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: Animals
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2076-2615
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum
  Infections in German Horses
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 13
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12948'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Diet processing impacts on starch properties, such as the degree of starch
    gelatinization. This affects digestibility, as shown in laboratory mice fed either
    a pelleted or an extruded diet. In the present study, the morphology of starch
    particles throughout the digestive tract of mice was visualized. Thirty-two female
    C57BL/6J mice were used for a feeding trial. They were fed a commercial maintenance
    diet for laboratory mice, which was available in pelleted and extruded form, for
    seven weeks. The mice were sacrificed after the feeding period, and chyme samples
    were collected from five sites (stomach, anterior and posterior small intestine,
    caecum, colon). Samples of diets, chyme and faeces were analyzed via stereomicroscopy
    (stained with Lugol’s iodine) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The starch
    granules appeared more compact in the pelleted diet, showing first signs of degradation
    only in the small intestine. The caecum content of both diets group was intensively
    stained, particles as well as fluid phase, indicating that it contained mainly
    starch. The SEM pictures of caecum content showed abundant bacteria near starch
    particles. This suggests selective retention of prae-caecally undigested starch
    in the murine caecum, likely the site of microbial fermentation.
article_number: '952'
author:
- first_name: Jasmin
  full_name: Wenderlein, Jasmin
  last_name: Wenderlein
- first_name: Ellen
  full_name: Kienzle, Ellen
  last_name: Kienzle
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
- first_name: Heidrun
  full_name: Schöl, Heidrun
  last_name: Schöl
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Linda Franziska
  full_name: Böswald, Linda Franziska
  last_name: Böswald
citation:
  ama: Wenderlein J, Kienzle E, Straubinger RK, Schöl H, Ulrich S, Böswald LF. Morphology
    of Starch Particles along the Passage through the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory
    Mice Fed Extruded and Pelleted Diets. <i>Animals</i>. 2022;12(8). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080952">10.3390/ani12080952</a>
  apa: Wenderlein, J., Kienzle, E., Straubinger, R. K., Schöl, H., Ulrich, S., &#38;
    Böswald, L. F. (2022). Morphology of Starch Particles along the Passage through
    the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded and Pelleted Diets.
    <i>Animals</i>, <i>12</i>(8), Article 952. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080952">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080952</a>
  bjps: <b>Wenderlein J <i>et al.</i></b> (2022) Morphology of Starch Particles along
    the Passage through the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded
    and Pelleted Diets. <i>Animals</i> <b>12</b>.
  chicago: Wenderlein, Jasmin, Ellen Kienzle, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Heidrun Schöl,
    Sebastian Ulrich, and Linda Franziska Böswald. “Morphology of Starch Particles
    along the Passage through the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded
    and Pelleted Diets.” <i>Animals</i> 12, no. 8 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080952">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080952</a>.
  chicago-de: Wenderlein, Jasmin, Ellen Kienzle, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Heidrun
    Schöl, Sebastian Ulrich und Linda Franziska Böswald. 2022. Morphology of Starch
    Particles along the Passage through the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory Mice
    Fed Extruded and Pelleted Diets. <i>Animals</i> 12, Nr. 8. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080952">10.3390/ani12080952</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wenderlein, Jasmin</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kienzle, Ellen</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger,
    Reinhard K.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schöl, Heidrun</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich, Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Böswald,
    Linda Franziska</span>: Morphology of Starch Particles along the Passage through
    the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded and Pelleted Diets.
    In: <i>Animals</i> Bd. 12. Basel, MDPI AG (2022), Nr. 8'
  havard: J. Wenderlein, E. Kienzle, R.K. Straubinger, H. Schöl, S. Ulrich, L.F. Böswald,
    Morphology of Starch Particles along the Passage through the Gastrointestinal
    Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded and Pelleted Diets, Animals. 12 (2022).
  ieee: 'J. Wenderlein, E. Kienzle, R. K. Straubinger, H. Schöl, S. Ulrich, and L.
    F. Böswald, “Morphology of Starch Particles along the Passage through the Gastrointestinal
    Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded and Pelleted Diets,” <i>Animals</i>, vol.
    12, no. 8, Art. no. 952, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080952">10.3390/ani12080952</a>.'
  mla: Wenderlein, Jasmin, et al. “Morphology of Starch Particles along the Passage
    through the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded and Pelleted
    Diets.” <i>Animals</i>, vol. 12, no. 8, 952, 2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080952">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080952</a>.
  short: J. Wenderlein, E. Kienzle, R.K. Straubinger, H. Schöl, S. Ulrich, L.F. Böswald,
    Animals 12 (2022).
  ufg: '<b>Wenderlein, Jasmin u. a.</b>: Morphology of Starch Particles along the
    Passage through the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded and
    Pelleted Diets, in: <i>Animals</i> 12 (2022), H. 8.'
  van: Wenderlein J, Kienzle E, Straubinger RK, Schöl H, Ulrich S, Böswald LF. Morphology
    of Starch Particles along the Passage through the Gastrointestinal Tract in Laboratory
    Mice Fed Extruded and Pelleted Diets. Animals. 2022;12(8).
date_created: 2025-06-15T09:57:56Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T12:01:46Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3390/ani12080952
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '8'
keyword:
- amylase
- carbohydrate metabolism
- processing
- laboratory animal diets
- caecum fermentation
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: Animals
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2076-2615
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Morphology of Starch Particles along the Passage through the Gastrointestinal
  Tract in Laboratory Mice Fed Extruded and Pelleted Diets
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 12
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '12953'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Starch gelatinization is a major determinant of carbohydrate digestibility
    and varies with diet processing. Laboratory rodent diets are often marketed as
    identical, but are sold in different forms, regardless of the markedly higher
    starch gelatinization in extruded than in pelleted diets. Our hypothesis was that
    this would impact energy and nutrient digestibility in mice fed pellets or extrudate,
    respectively. Trial 1 showed that feeding C57BL/6 mice a standard maintenance
    diet in extruded form results in a significantly higher digestibility of organic
    matter, energy, and carbohydrates than the identical diet in pelleted form. The
    replication of the experiment, however, revealed a variation between batches of
    the same pelleted diet regarding starch and total dietary fiber contents. Given
    the significant differences in diet digestibility and the potential impacts of
    digestibility on nutrient utilization, the intestinal microbiome, and intermediary
    metabolism, trials performed with differently processed diets are not comparable.
    This might partly explain failures to reproduce results, especially in gastrointestinal
    or microbiome research. Considering this impact on experimental animals, the degree
    of starch gelatinization should be declared in the diet information for laboratory
    animal diets. The differences between batches of laboratory animal diets as observed
    in the pellets are not acceptable.
article_number: '523'
author:
- first_name: Linda F.
  full_name: Böswald, Linda F.
  last_name: Böswald
- first_name: Jasmin
  full_name: Wenderlein, Jasmin
  last_name: Wenderlein
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Ellen
  full_name: Kienzle, Ellen
  last_name: Kienzle
citation:
  ama: Böswald LF, Wenderlein J, Straubinger RK, Ulrich S, Kienzle E. Processing Matters
    in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.
    <i>Animals</i>. 2021;11(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">10.3390/ani11020523</a>
  apa: Böswald, L. F., Wenderlein, J., Straubinger, R. K., Ulrich, S., &#38; Kienzle,
    E. (2021). Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy
    and Nutrient Digestibility. <i>Animals</i>, <i>11</i>(2), Article 523. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523</a>
  bjps: <b>Böswald LF <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched
    Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility. <i>Animals</i> <b>11</b>.
  chicago: Böswald, Linda F., Jasmin Wenderlein, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Sebastian
    Ulrich, and Ellen Kienzle. “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.” <i>Animals</i> 11, no. 2 (2021).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523</a>.
  chicago-de: Böswald, Linda F., Jasmin Wenderlein, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Sebastian
    Ulrich und Ellen Kienzle. 2021. Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility. <i>Animals</i> 11, Nr. 2. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">10.3390/ani11020523</a>, .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Böswald, Linda F.</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wenderlein, Jasmin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger,
    Reinhard K.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich, Sebastian</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kienzle, Ellen</span>: Processing Matters
    in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.
    In: <i>Animals</i> Bd. 11. Basel, MDPI (2021), Nr. 2'
  havard: L.F. Böswald, J. Wenderlein, R.K. Straubinger, S. Ulrich, E. Kienzle, Processing
    Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility,
    Animals. 11 (2021).
  ieee: 'L. F. Böswald, J. Wenderlein, R. K. Straubinger, S. Ulrich, and E. Kienzle,
    “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient
    Digestibility,” <i>Animals</i>, vol. 11, no. 2, Art. no. 523, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">10.3390/ani11020523</a>.'
  mla: Böswald, Linda F., et al. “Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.” <i>Animals</i>, vol. 11, no.
    2, 523, 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020523</a>.
  short: L.F. Böswald, J. Wenderlein, R.K. Straubinger, S. Ulrich, E. Kienzle, Animals
    11 (2021).
  ufg: '<b>Böswald, Linda F. u. a.</b>: Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory
    Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility, in: <i>Animals</i> 11 (2021),
    H. 2.'
  van: Böswald LF, Wenderlein J, Straubinger RK, Ulrich S, Kienzle E. Processing Matters
    in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.
    Animals. 2021;11(2).
date_created: 2025-06-15T10:00:16Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T12:27:09Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3390/ani11020523
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- standardization
- carbohydrate digestibility
- feed processing
- starch gelatinization
- gut
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: Animals
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2076-2615
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Energy and
  Nutrient Digestibility
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 11
year: '2021'
...