---
_id: '10327'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Wound infections are a major problem worldwide, both for the healthcare system
    and for patients affected. Currently available diagnostic methods to determine
    the responsible germs are time-consuming and costly. Wound infections are mostly
    caused by various bacteria, which in turn produce volatile organic compounds.
    From clinical experience, we know that depending on the bacteria involved, a specific
    odor impression can be expected. For this reason, we hypothesized that electronic
    noses, i.e., non-invasive electronic sensors for the detection of volatile organic
    compounds, are applicable for diagnostic purposes. By providing a comprehensive
    overview of the state-of-research, we tested our hypothesis. In particular, we
    addressed three overarching questions: 1) which sensor technologies are suitable
    for the diagnosis of wound infections and why? 2) how must the (biological) sample
    be prepared and presented to the measurement system? 3) which machine learning
    methods and algorithms have already proven successful for the classification of
    microorganisms? The corresponding articles have critically been reviewed and are
    discussed particularly in the context of their potential for clinical diagnostics.
    In summary, it can already be stated today that the use of electronic noses for
    the detection of bacteria in wound infections is a very interesting, fast and
    non-invasive method. However, reliable clinical studies are still missing and
    further research is necessary.'
author:
- first_name: Julius
  full_name: Wörner, Julius
  id: '79011'
  last_name: Wörner
- first_name: Maurice
  full_name: Moelleken, Maurice
  last_name: Moelleken
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Dissemond, Joachim
  last_name: Dissemond
- first_name: Miriam
  full_name: Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam
  id: '64952'
  last_name: Pein-Hackelbusch
  orcid: 0000-0002-7920-0595
citation:
  ama: 'Wörner J, Moelleken M, Dissemond J, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Supporting wound infection
    diagnosis: advancements and challenges with electronic noses. <i>Frontiers in
    Sensors</i>. 2023;4. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756</a>'
  apa: 'Wörner, J., Moelleken, M., Dissemond, J., &#38; Pein-Hackelbusch, M. (2023).
    Supporting wound infection diagnosis: advancements and challenges with electronic
    noses. <i>Frontiers in Sensors</i>, <i>4</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Wörner J <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) Supporting Wound Infection Diagnosis:
    Advancements and Challenges with Electronic Noses. <i>Frontiers in Sensors</i>
    <b>4</b>.'
  chicago: 'Wörner, Julius, Maurice Moelleken, Joachim Dissemond, and Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch.
    “Supporting Wound Infection Diagnosis: Advancements and Challenges with Electronic
    Noses.” <i>Frontiers in Sensors</i> 4 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Wörner, Julius, Maurice Moelleken, Joachim Dissemond und Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch.
    2023. Supporting wound infection diagnosis: advancements and challenges with electronic
    noses. <i>Frontiers in Sensors</i> 4. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wörner, Julius</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Moelleken, Maurice</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Dissemond,
    Joachim</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam</span>:
    Supporting wound infection diagnosis: advancements and challenges with electronic
    noses. In: <i>Frontiers in Sensors</i> Bd. 4.   Lausanne , Frontiers Media (2023)'
  havard: 'J. Wörner, M. Moelleken, J. Dissemond, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, Supporting
    wound infection diagnosis: advancements and challenges with electronic noses,
    Frontiers in Sensors. 4 (2023).'
  ieee: 'J. Wörner, M. Moelleken, J. Dissemond, and M. Pein-Hackelbusch, “Supporting
    wound infection diagnosis: advancements and challenges with electronic noses,”
    <i>Frontiers in Sensors</i>, vol. 4, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756</a>.'
  mla: 'Wörner, Julius, et al. “Supporting Wound Infection Diagnosis: Advancements
    and Challenges with Electronic Noses.” <i>Frontiers in Sensors</i>, vol. 4, 2023,
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756</a>.'
  short: J. Wörner, M. Moelleken, J. Dissemond, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, Frontiers in
    Sensors 4 (2023).
  ufg: '<b>Wörner, Julius u. a.</b>: Supporting wound infection diagnosis: advancements
    and challenges with electronic noses, in: <i>Frontiers in Sensors</i> 4 (2023).'
  van: 'Wörner J, Moelleken M, Dissemond J, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Supporting wound infection
    diagnosis: advancements and challenges with electronic noses. Frontiers in Sensors.
    2023;4.'
date_created: 2023-09-14T05:55:33Z
date_updated: 2025-03-13T14:07:57Z
department:
- _id: DEP4000
- _id: DEP4028
doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756
intvolume: '         4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsens.2023.1250756/full
oa: '1'
place: '  Lausanne '
publication: Frontiers in Sensors
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2673-5067
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Media
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Supporting wound infection diagnosis: advancements and challenges with electronic
  noses'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '64952'
volume: 4
year: '2023'
...