---
_id: '13018'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Current societal challenges like climate change led to a general agreement
    that our cities need to become greener and our lifestyles more sustainable. This
    transformation of our daily living environments can also impact the prevalence
    of non-communicable diseases as a global disease burden of our time. These positive
    impacts of horizontal green spaces on human health are widely recognized. However,
    it is still unclear whether the same is true for green walls, as a promising nature-based
    solution for dense urban spaces which is increasingly applied. To date, the available
    research on green walls has not been systematically synthesized along the potential
    impact pathways of reducing environmental stressors (Mitigation), restoring capacities
    (Restoration), and promoting healthier behavior (Instoration). We conducted a
    systematic review of 30 reviews to synthesize available evidence on all three
    pathways and direct health outcomes, following the established strategies of PICOS
    and PRISMA. We assessed the review quality through AMSTAR. We found strong consistent
    evidence that green walls can mitigate urban heat island effects (daylight surface
    temperature: -0.3 °C to -31.9°, daylight air temperature: -0 °C to -8.7 °C), air
    pollution (PM2.5: -25% to -99%, PM10: -23% to -60%), and noise pollution (sound
    pressure level: -1dBA to -5dBA). We found some evidence for disaster risk reduction
    and restoration effects. There were no reviews on the instoration pathway or direct
    health outcomes. The underlying reviews rated low according to the AMSTAR checklist,
    which might limit our findings. We recognize a generally young research field
    and conclude that more in-field studies are needed in all pathways to better understand
    the relationship between green walls and health.'
article_number: '100070'
author:
- first_name: Marcel
  full_name: Cardinali, Marcel
  last_name: Cardinali
- first_name: Alvaro
  full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro
  last_name: Balderrama
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Arztmann, Daniel
  last_name: Arztmann
- first_name: Uta
  full_name: Pottgiesser, Uta
  last_name: Pottgiesser
citation:
  ama: 'Cardinali M, Balderrama A, Arztmann D, Pottgiesser U. Green walls and health:
    An umbrella review. <i>Nature-Based Solutions</i>. 2023;3(12). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070">10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070</a>'
  apa: 'Cardinali, M., Balderrama, A., Arztmann, D., &#38; Pottgiesser, U. (2023).
    Green walls and health: An umbrella review. <i>Nature-Based Solutions</i>, <i>3</i>(12),
    Article 100070. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Cardinali M <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) Green Walls and Health: An Umbrella
    Review. <i>Nature-Based Solutions</i> <b>3</b>.'
  chicago: 'Cardinali, Marcel, Alvaro Balderrama, Daniel Arztmann, and Uta Pottgiesser.
    “Green Walls and Health: An Umbrella Review.” <i>Nature-Based Solutions</i> 3,
    no. 12 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Cardinali, Marcel, Alvaro Balderrama, Daniel Arztmann und Uta Pottgiesser.
    2023. Green walls and health: An umbrella review. <i>Nature-Based Solutions</i>
    3, Nr. 12. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070">10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Cardinali, Marcel</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Balderrama, Alvaro</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Arztmann,
    Daniel</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pottgiesser, Uta</span>:
    Green walls and health: An umbrella review. In: <i>Nature-Based Solutions</i>
    Bd. 3. Amsterdam, Elsevier  (2023), Nr. 12'
  havard: 'M. Cardinali, A. Balderrama, D. Arztmann, U. Pottgiesser, Green walls and
    health: An umbrella review, Nature-Based Solutions. 3 (2023).'
  ieee: 'M. Cardinali, A. Balderrama, D. Arztmann, and U. Pottgiesser, “Green walls
    and health: An umbrella review,” <i>Nature-Based Solutions</i>, vol. 3, no. 12,
    Art. no. 100070, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070">10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070</a>.'
  mla: 'Cardinali, Marcel, et al. “Green Walls and Health: An Umbrella Review.” <i>Nature-Based
    Solutions</i>, vol. 3, no. 12, 100070, 2023, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070</a>.'
  short: M. Cardinali, A. Balderrama, D. Arztmann, U. Pottgiesser, Nature-Based Solutions
    3 (2023).
  ufg: '<b>Cardinali, Marcel u. a.</b>: Green walls and health: An umbrella review,
    in: <i>Nature-Based Solutions</i> 3 (2023), H. 12.'
  van: 'Cardinali M, Balderrama A, Arztmann D, Pottgiesser U. Green walls and health:
    An umbrella review. Nature-Based Solutions. 2023;3(12).'
date_created: 2025-06-24T13:36:11Z
date_updated: 2025-06-24T13:41:26Z
department:
- _id: DEP1055
- _id: DEP1600
- _id: DEP1634
doi: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100070
intvolume: '         3'
issue: '12'
keyword:
- Nature-based solutions
- Green facades
- Living walls
- Health
- Environmental risk factors
- Well-being
- Environmental comfort
- Behavior
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam
publication: Nature-Based Solutions
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2772-4115
publication_status: published
publisher: 'Elsevier '
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Green walls and health: An umbrella review'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 3
year: '2023'
...