---
_id: '11165'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The reduction of CO2 emissions caused by auto-mobile traffic relies on the
development of electric mobility infrastructure which in turn relies on efficient
communication between charge points, used to connect electric vehicles to the
power network, and central systems, used to manage users and transactions. The
Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) is an open communication protocol designed to
connect charge points to a central system. An important aspect of the communication
between these entities is the security of the connection. It is conceivable, for
instance, that an adversary could compromise a central system to attack charge
points.This work devises three different attack scenarios which could be executed
by a malicious OCPP central system to attack an OCPP charge point. It also assesses
the feasibility and potential consequences of such attacks. Additionally, it presents
an approach of an "evil" OCPP server implementation, based on the SteVe server
which was originally developed at the RWTH Aachen. The "evil" OCPP server implements
various attack scenarios and is intended to be used for penetration testing of
OCPP charge points that connect to the central system via WebSockets/JSON or SOAP/XML.
author:
- first_name: Lisa Helene
full_name: Gebauer, Lisa Helene
id: '76524'
last_name: Gebauer
- first_name: Henning
full_name: Trsek, Henning
id: '1486'
last_name: Trsek
orcid: 0000-0002-0133-0656
- first_name: Georg
full_name: Lukas, Georg
last_name: Lukas
citation:
ama: 'Gebauer LH, Trsek H, Lukas G. Evil SteVe: An Approach to Simplify Penetration
Testing of OCPP Charge Points. In: 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference
on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). IEEE; 2022. doi:10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921430'
apa: 'Gebauer, L. H., Trsek, H., & Lukas, G. (2022). Evil SteVe: An Approach
to Simplify Penetration Testing of OCPP Charge Points. 2022 IEEE 27th International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). 27th International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Stuttgart.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921430'
bjps: 'Gebauer LH, Trsek H and Lukas G (2022) Evil SteVe: An Approach to
Simplify Penetration Testing of OCPP Charge Points. 2022 IEEE 27th International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). Piscataway,
NJ: IEEE.'
chicago: 'Gebauer, Lisa Helene, Henning Trsek, and Georg Lukas. “Evil SteVe: An
Approach to Simplify Penetration Testing of OCPP Charge Points.” In 2022 IEEE
27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
(ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921430.'
chicago-de: 'Gebauer, Lisa Helene, Henning Trsek und Georg Lukas. 2022. Evil SteVe:
An Approach to Simplify Penetration Testing of OCPP Charge Points. In: 2022
IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
(ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921430,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Gebauer, Lisa Helene
; Trsek, Henning ; Lukas,
Georg: Evil SteVe: An Approach to Simplify Penetration Testing of OCPP
Charge Points. In: 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies
and Factory Automation (ETFA). Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2022'
havard: 'L.H. Gebauer, H. Trsek, G. Lukas, Evil SteVe: An Approach to Simplify Penetration
Testing of OCPP Charge Points, in: 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on
Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2022.'
ieee: 'L. H. Gebauer, H. Trsek, and G. Lukas, “Evil SteVe: An Approach to Simplify
Penetration Testing of OCPP Charge Points,” presented at the 27th International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Stuttgart,
2022. doi: 10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921430.'
mla: 'Gebauer, Lisa Helene, et al. “Evil SteVe: An Approach to Simplify Penetration
Testing of OCPP Charge Points.” 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on
Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921430.'
short: 'L.H. Gebauer, H. Trsek, G. Lukas, in: 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference
on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, Piscataway, NJ,
2022.'
ufg: 'Gebauer, Lisa Helene/Trsek, Henning/Lukas, Georg: Evil SteVe: An Approach
to Simplify Penetration Testing of OCPP Charge Points, in: o. Hg.: 2022 IEEE 27th
International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA),
Piscataway, NJ 2022.'
van: 'Gebauer LH, Trsek H, Lukas G. Evil SteVe: An Approach to Simplify Penetration
Testing of OCPP Charge Points. In: 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on
Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2022.'
conference:
end_date: 2022-09-09
location: Stuttgart
name: 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
(ETFA)
start_date: 2022-09-06
date_created: 2024-03-01T14:36:19Z
date_updated: 2024-03-05T14:17:17Z
department:
- _id: DEP5023
doi: 10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921430
language:
- iso: eng
place: Piscataway, NJ
publication: 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and
Factory Automation (ETFA)
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9781665499965'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: 'Evil SteVe: An Approach to Simplify Penetration Testing of OCPP Charge Points'
type: conference
user_id: '83781'
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '11166'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: n order to utilize the full potential of an assembly assistant, it is necessary
for the system to be able to adapt to the worker’s individual needs and capabilities.
The required amount of necessary assistance changes during the assembly work because
the worker memorizes the steps and learns the task and might be bothered by unnecessary
assistance. Finding the point in time where the learning phase of the worker is
finished is therefore an important aspect. In this work, we propose and evaluate
a novel method to identify the end of the worker’s learning phase. The method
makes use of learning curve models and curve fitting in order to determine the
progress of the worker.
author:
- first_name: Philip
full_name: Sehr, Philip
id: '71582'
last_name: Sehr
- first_name: Natalia
full_name: Moriz, Natalia
id: '44238'
last_name: Moriz
- first_name: Mario
full_name: Heinz-Jakobs, Mario
id: '85220'
last_name: Heinz-Jakobs
- first_name: Henning
full_name: Trsek, Henning
id: '1486'
last_name: Trsek
orcid: 0000-0002-0133-0656
citation:
ama: 'Sehr P, Moriz N, Heinz-Jakobs M, Trsek H. Am I Done Learning? - Determining
Learning States in Adaptive Assembly Systems. In: 2022 27th IEEE International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). IEEE; 2022.
doi:10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921676'
apa: Sehr, P., Moriz, N., Heinz-Jakobs, M., & Trsek, H. (2022). Am I Done Learning?
- Determining Learning States in Adaptive Assembly Systems. 2022 27th IEEE
International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA).
27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
(ETFA), Stuttgart. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921676
bjps: 'Sehr P et al. (2022) Am I Done Learning? - Determining Learning
States in Adaptive Assembly Systems. 2022 27th IEEE International Conference
on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.'
chicago: 'Sehr, Philip, Natalia Moriz, Mario Heinz-Jakobs, and Henning Trsek. “Am
I Done Learning? - Determining Learning States in Adaptive Assembly Systems.”
In 2022 27th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory
Automation (ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921676.'
chicago-de: 'Sehr, Philip, Natalia Moriz, Mario Heinz-Jakobs und Henning Trsek.
2022. Am I Done Learning? - Determining Learning States in Adaptive Assembly Systems.
In: 2022 27th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory
Automation (ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921676,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Sehr, Philip ; Moriz, Natalia ; Heinz-Jakobs,
Mario ; Trsek, Henning: Am
I Done Learning? - Determining Learning States in Adaptive Assembly Systems. In:
2022 27th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory
Automation (ETFA). Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2022'
havard: 'P. Sehr, N. Moriz, M. Heinz-Jakobs, H. Trsek, Am I Done Learning? - Determining
Learning States in Adaptive Assembly Systems, in: 2022 27th IEEE International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, Piscataway,
NJ, 2022.'
ieee: 'P. Sehr, N. Moriz, M. Heinz-Jakobs, and H. Trsek, “Am I Done Learning? -
Determining Learning States in Adaptive Assembly Systems,” presented at the 27th
International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA),
Stuttgart, 2022. doi: 10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921676.'
mla: Sehr, Philip, et al. “Am I Done Learning? - Determining Learning States in
Adaptive Assembly Systems.” 2022 27th IEEE International Conference on Emerging
Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921676.
short: 'P. Sehr, N. Moriz, M. Heinz-Jakobs, H. Trsek, in: 2022 27th IEEE International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, Piscataway,
NJ, 2022.'
ufg: 'Sehr, Philip u. a.: Am I Done Learning? - Determining Learning States
in Adaptive Assembly Systems, in: o. Hg.: 2022 27th IEEE International Conference
on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Piscataway, NJ 2022.'
van: 'Sehr P, Moriz N, Heinz-Jakobs M, Trsek H. Am I Done Learning? - Determining
Learning States in Adaptive Assembly Systems. In: 2022 27th IEEE International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). Piscataway,
NJ: IEEE; 2022.'
conference:
end_date: 2022-09-09
location: Stuttgart
name: 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
(ETFA)
start_date: 2022-09-06
date_created: 2024-03-01T14:36:35Z
date_updated: 2024-03-05T14:09:00Z
department:
- _id: DEP5023
doi: 10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921676
language:
- iso: eng
place: Piscataway, NJ
publication: 2022 27th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and
Factory Automation (ETFA)
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9781665499965'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Am I Done Learning? - Determining Learning States in Adaptive Assembly Systems
type: conference
user_id: '83781'
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '11163'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Technologies such as TSN and OPC UA are enablers for converged networks in
industrial applications. TSN enables the coexistence of network traffic with real-time
requirements and best-effort requirements. On the other hand, OPC UA defines a
common information model in addition to secure communication, scalability, and
platform independence. The new specification of OPC UA PubSub enables the possibility
of implementing OPC UA on the lower levels of the automation pyramid, the field
level. Therefore, combining these two technologies can in principle be implemented
for every vertical and horizontal communication. This document analyzes the state
of the art of OPC UA over TSN and explains the first steps towards an easy to
use proof-of-concept for a converged network that is also designed to be a testbed.
The testbed will be used to evaluate the interoperability of TSN-capable devices
from different vendors. In addition to that, different OPC UA PubSub implementations
will be used and benchmarked. These future results will present an overview of
the currently available products and provides hands-on experiences for practical
implementations of converged networks.
author:
- first_name: Oliver
full_name: Konradi, Oliver
id: '68628'
last_name: Konradi
- first_name: Andre
full_name: Mankowski, Andre
id: '51482'
last_name: Mankowski
- first_name: Lukasz
full_name: Wisniewski, Lukasz
id: '1710'
last_name: Wisniewski
- first_name: Henning
full_name: Trsek, Henning
id: '1486'
last_name: Trsek
orcid: 0000-0002-0133-0656
citation:
ama: 'Konradi O, Mankowski A, Wisniewski L, Trsek H. Towards an Industrial Converged
Network with OPC UA PubSub and TSN. In: 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference
on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). IEEE; 2022. doi:10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921646'
apa: Konradi, O., Mankowski, A., Wisniewski, L., & Trsek, H. (2022). Towards
an Industrial Converged Network with OPC UA PubSub and TSN. 2022 IEEE 27th
International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA).
27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
(ETFA), Stuttgart. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921646
bjps: 'Konradi O et al. (2022) Towards an Industrial Converged Network
with OPC UA PubSub and TSN. 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging
Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.'
chicago: 'Konradi, Oliver, Andre Mankowski, Lukasz Wisniewski, and Henning Trsek.
“Towards an Industrial Converged Network with OPC UA PubSub and TSN.” In 2022
IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
(ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921646.'
chicago-de: 'Konradi, Oliver, Andre Mankowski, Lukasz Wisniewski und Henning Trsek.
2022. Towards an Industrial Converged Network with OPC UA PubSub and TSN. In:
2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory
Automation (ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921646,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Konradi, Oliver ; Mankowski, Andre ; Wisniewski,
Lukasz ; Trsek, Henning:
Towards an Industrial Converged Network with OPC UA PubSub and TSN. In: 2022
IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
(ETFA). Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2022'
havard: 'O. Konradi, A. Mankowski, L. Wisniewski, H. Trsek, Towards an Industrial
Converged Network with OPC UA PubSub and TSN, in: 2022 IEEE 27th International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, Piscataway,
NJ, 2022.'
ieee: 'O. Konradi, A. Mankowski, L. Wisniewski, and H. Trsek, “Towards an Industrial
Converged Network with OPC UA PubSub and TSN,” presented at the 27th International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Stuttgart,
2022. doi: 10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921646.'
mla: Konradi, Oliver, et al. “Towards an Industrial Converged Network with OPC UA
PubSub and TSN.” 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies
and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921646.
short: 'O. Konradi, A. Mankowski, L. Wisniewski, H. Trsek, in: 2022 IEEE 27th International
Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, Piscataway,
NJ, 2022.'
ufg: 'Konradi, Oliver u. a.: Towards an Industrial Converged Network with
OPC UA PubSub and TSN, in: o. Hg.: 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on
Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Piscataway, NJ 2022.'
van: 'Konradi O, Mankowski A, Wisniewski L, Trsek H. Towards an Industrial Converged
Network with OPC UA PubSub and TSN. In: 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference
on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE;
2022.'
conference:
end_date: 2022-09-09
location: Stuttgart
name: 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
(ETFA)
start_date: 2022-09-06
date_created: 2024-03-01T14:35:50Z
date_updated: 2024-03-05T14:09:35Z
department:
- _id: DEP5023
doi: 10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921646
language:
- iso: eng
place: Piscataway, NJ
publication: 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and
Factory Automation (ETFA)
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9781665499965'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Towards an Industrial Converged Network with OPC UA PubSub and TSN
type: conference
user_id: '83781'
year: '2022'
...