---
_id: '4781'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) integrate physical and computational
    resources due to increasingly available sensors and processing power. This enables
    the usage of data, to create additional benefit, such as condition monitoring
    or optimization. These capabilities can lead to cognition, such that the system
    is able to adapt independently to changing circumstances by learning from additional
    sensors information. Developing a reference architecture for the design of CPPS
    and standardization of machines and software interfaces is crucial to enable compatibility
    of data usage between different machine models and vendors. This paper analysis
    existing reference architecture regarding their cognitive abilities, based on
    requirements that are derived from three different use cases. The results from
    the evaluation of the reference architectures, which include two instances that
    stem from the field of cognitive science, reveal a gap in the applicability of
    the architectures regarding the generalizability and the level of abstraction.
    While reference architectures from the field of automation are suitable to address
    use case specific requirements, and do not address the general requirements, especially
    w.r.t. adaptability, the examples from the field of cognitive science are well
    usable to reach a high level of adaption and cognition. It is desirable to merge
    advantages of both classes of architectures to address challenges in the field
    of CPPS in Industrie 4.0.
author:
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Bunte, Andreas
  id: '58885'
  last_name: Bunte
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Fischbach, Andreas
  last_name: Fischbach
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Strohschein, Jan
  last_name: Strohschein
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Bartz-Beielstein, Thomas
  last_name: Bartz-Beielstein
- first_name: Heide
  full_name: Faeskorn-Woyke, Heide
  last_name: Faeskorn-Woyke
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Niggemann, Oliver
  id: '10876'
  last_name: Niggemann
citation:
  ama: 'Bunte A, Fischbach A, Strohschein J, Bartz-Beielstein T, Faeskorn-Woyke H,
    Niggemann O. Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures for Cyber-Physical Production
    Systems. In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Universidad de
    Zaragoza , eds. <i>24nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies
    and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>. IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies
    and Factory Automation-ETFA. IEEE; 2019:729-736. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038">10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038</a>'
  apa: Bunte, A., Fischbach, A., Strohschein, J., Bartz-Beielstein, T., Faeskorn-Woyke,
    H., &#38; Niggemann, O. (2019). Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures for Cyber-Physical
    Production Systems. In Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers &#38;
    Universidad de Zaragoza  (Eds.), <i>24nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging
    Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i> (pp. 729–736). IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038">https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038</a>
  bjps: '<b>Bunte A <i>et al.</i></b> (2019) Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures
    for Cyber-Physical Production Systems. In Institute of Electrical and Electronics
    Engineers and Universidad de Zaragoza  (eds), <i>24nd IEEE International Conference
    on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]:
    IEEE, pp. 729–736.'
  chicago: 'Bunte, Andreas, Andreas Fischbach, Jan Strohschein, Thomas Bartz-Beielstein,
    Heide Faeskorn-Woyke, and Oliver Niggemann. “Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures
    for Cyber-Physical Production Systems.” In <i>24nd IEEE International Conference
    on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>, edited by Institute
    of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and Universidad de Zaragoza , 729–36.
    IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA.
    [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038">https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Bunte, Andreas, Andreas Fischbach, Jan Strohschein, Thomas Bartz-Beielstein,
    Heide Faeskorn-Woyke und Oliver Niggemann. 2019. Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures
    for Cyber-Physical Production Systems. In: <i>24nd IEEE International Conference
    on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>, hg. von Institute
    of Electrical and Electronics Engineers und Universidad de Zaragoza , 729–736.
    IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA.
    [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038">10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bunte, Andreas</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Fischbach, Andreas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Strohschein,
    Jan</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bartz-Beielstein, Thomas</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Faeskorn-Woyke, Heide</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Niggemann, Oliver</span>: Evaluation of Cognitive
    Architectures for Cyber-Physical Production Systems. In: <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Institute
    of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Universidad
    de Zaragoza </span> (Hrsg.): <i>24nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging
    Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>, <i>IEEE International Conference
    on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA</i>. [Piscataway, NJ] : IEEE,
    2019, S. 729–736'
  havard: 'A. Bunte, A. Fischbach, J. Strohschein, T. Bartz-Beielstein, H. Faeskorn-Woyke,
    O. Niggemann, Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures for Cyber-Physical Production
    Systems, in: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Universidad de
    Zaragoza  (Eds.), 24nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies
    and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, [Piscataway, NJ], 2019: pp. 729–736.'
  ieee: 'A. Bunte, A. Fischbach, J. Strohschein, T. Bartz-Beielstein, H. Faeskorn-Woyke,
    and O. Niggemann, “Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures for Cyber-Physical Production
    Systems,” in <i>24nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and
    Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>, Zaragoza, SPAIN, 2019, pp. 729–736. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038">10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038</a>.'
  mla: Bunte, Andreas, et al. “Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures for Cyber-Physical
    Production Systems.” <i>24nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies
    and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>, edited by Institute of Electrical and Electronics
    Engineers and Universidad de Zaragoza , IEEE, 2019, pp. 729–36, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038">https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038</a>.
  short: 'A. Bunte, A. Fischbach, J. Strohschein, T. Bartz-Beielstein, H. Faeskorn-Woyke,
    O. Niggemann, in: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Universidad
    de Zaragoza  (Eds.), 24nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies
    and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, [Piscataway, NJ], 2019, pp. 729–736.'
  ufg: '<b>Bunte, Andreas u. a.</b>: Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures for Cyber-Physical
    Production Systems, in: <i>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
    Universidad de Zaragoza  (Hgg.)</i>: 24nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging
    Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), [Piscataway, NJ] 2019 (IEEE International
    Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA),  S. 729–736.'
  van: 'Bunte A, Fischbach A, Strohschein J, Bartz-Beielstein T, Faeskorn-Woyke H,
    Niggemann O. Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures for Cyber-Physical Production
    Systems. In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Universidad de
    Zaragoza , editors. 24nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies
    and Factory Automation (ETFA). [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE; 2019. p. 729–36. (IEEE
    International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA).'
conference:
  end_date: 2019-09-13
  location: Zaragoza, SPAIN
  name: 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
    (ETFA)
  start_date: 2019-09-10
corporate_editor:
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- 'Universidad de Zaragoza '
date_created: 2021-02-02T08:10:37Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T13:32:54Z
department:
- _id: DEP5023
doi: 10.1109/etfa.2019.8869038
keyword:
- Reference Architecture
- Cognition
- Industrie 4.0
language:
- iso: eng
page: 729-736
place: '[Piscataway, NJ]'
publication: 24nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory
  Automation (ETFA)
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1946-0759
  isbn:
  - 978-1-7281-0303-7
  issn:
  - 1946-0740
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
series_title: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA
status: public
title: Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures for Cyber-Physical Production Systems
type: conference
user_id: '83781'
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '12826'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The configuration of current automated production systems is complex and therefore
    time consuming while the market demands an easy setup and adaptability due to
    smaller batch sizes and volatile markets. While there are different concepts in
    research on how to simplify the engineering process by using generic skills or
    capabilities of devices, run-time control is still achieved with proprietary communication
    protocols and commands. The concept in this paper uses skills not only in the
    phase of engineering but also consequently for direct and generic control of field-devices.
    An executable skill-metamodel therefore describes the methodological functionality
    which is implemented by using OPC UA due to its vendor independence as well as
    built-in services and information model. The implementation uses client/server-based
    OPC UA and the pub/sub pattern to prepare for a deterministic real-time control
    in conjunction with TSN, which is required by industrial automation.
author:
- first_name: Patrick
  full_name: Zimmermann, Patrick
  last_name: Zimmermann
- first_name: Etienne
  full_name: Axmann, Etienne
  last_name: Axmann
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Brandenbourger, Benjamin
  last_name: Brandenbourger
- first_name: Kirill
  full_name: Dorofeev, Kirill
  last_name: Dorofeev
- first_name: Andre
  full_name: Mankowski, Andre
  id: '51482'
  last_name: Mankowski
- first_name: Paulo
  full_name: Zanini, Paulo
  last_name: Zanini
citation:
  ama: Zimmermann P, Axmann E, Brandenbourger B, Dorofeev K, Mankowski A, Zanini P.
    <i>Skill-Based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level with OPC UA</i>.
    (IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
    , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Universidad de Zaragoza ,
    IEEE Industrial Electronics Society , eds.). IEEE; 2019:1101-1108. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473">10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473</a>
  apa: Zimmermann, P., Axmann, E., Brandenbourger, B., Dorofeev, K., Mankowski, A.,
    &#38; Zanini, P. (2019). Skill-based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level
    with OPC UA. In IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory
    Automation , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Universidad de
    Zaragoza , &#38; IEEE Industrial Electronics Society  (Eds.), <i>24th IEEE International
    Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i> (pp. 1101–1108).
    IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473">https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473</a>
  bjps: '<b>Zimmermann P <i>et al.</i></b> (2019) <i>Skill-Based Engineering and Control
    on Field-Device-Level with OPC UA</i>, IEEE International Conference on Emerging
    Technologies and Factory Automation  et al. (eds). [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE.'
  chicago: 'Zimmermann, Patrick, Etienne Axmann, Benjamin Brandenbourger, Kirill Dorofeev,
    Andre Mankowski, and Paulo Zanini. <i>Skill-Based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level
    with OPC UA</i>. Edited by IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies
    and Factory Automation , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Universidad
    de Zaragoza , and IEEE Industrial Electronics Society . <i>24th IEEE International
    Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>. IEEE International
    Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA. [Piscataway,
    NJ]: IEEE, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473">https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Zimmermann, Patrick, Etienne Axmann, Benjamin Brandenbourger, Kirill
    Dorofeev, Andre Mankowski und Paulo Zanini. 2019. <i>Skill-based Engineering and
    Control on Field-Device-Level with OPC UA</i>. Hg. von IEEE International Conference
    on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation , Institute of Electrical and
    Electronics Engineers, Universidad de Zaragoza , und IEEE Industrial Electronics
    Society . <i>24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory
    Automation (ETFA)</i>. IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies
    and Factory Automation-ETFA. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473">10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Zimmermann, Patrick</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Axmann, Etienne</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Brandenbourger,
    Benjamin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Dorofeev, Kirill</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mankowski, Andre</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Zanini,
    Paulo</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">IEEE International Conference
    on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation </span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Institute
    of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Universidad
    de Zaragoza </span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">IEEE Industrial Electronics
    Society </span> (Hrsg.): <i>Skill-based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level
    with OPC UA</i>, <i>IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and
    Factory Automation-ETFA</i>. [Piscataway, NJ] : IEEE, 2019'
  havard: P. Zimmermann, E. Axmann, B. Brandenbourger, K. Dorofeev, A. Mankowski,
    P. Zanini, Skill-based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level with OPC
    UA, IEEE, [Piscataway, NJ], 2019.
  ieee: 'P. Zimmermann, E. Axmann, B. Brandenbourger, K. Dorofeev, A. Mankowski, and
    P. Zanini, <i>Skill-based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level with OPC
    UA</i>. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE, 2019, pp. 1101–1108. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473">10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473</a>.'
  mla: Zimmermann, Patrick, et al. “Skill-Based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level
    with OPC UA.” <i>24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and
    Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>, edited by IEEE International Conference on Emerging
    Technologies and Factory Automation  et al., IEEE, 2019, pp. 1101–08, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473">https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473</a>.
  short: P. Zimmermann, E. Axmann, B. Brandenbourger, K. Dorofeev, A. Mankowski, P.
    Zanini, Skill-Based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level with OPC UA,
    IEEE, [Piscataway, NJ], 2019.
  ufg: '<b>Zimmermann, Patrick u. a.</b>: Skill-based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level
    with OPC UA, hg. von IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and
    Factory Automation  u. a., [Piscataway, NJ] 2019 (IEEE International Conference
    on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA).'
  van: 'Zimmermann P, Axmann E, Brandenbourger B, Dorofeev K, Mankowski A, Zanini
    P. Skill-based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level with OPC UA. IEEE
    International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation , Institute
    of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Universidad de Zaragoza , IEEE Industrial
    Electronics Society , editors. 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging
    Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE; 2019. (IEEE
    International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA).'
conference:
  end_date: 201-09-13
  location: Zaragoza, SPAIN
  name: 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
    (ETFA)
  start_date: 2019-09-10
corporate_editor:
- 'IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation '
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- 'Universidad de Zaragoza '
- 'IEEE Industrial Electronics Society '
date_created: 2025-04-22T13:52:53Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T13:27:46Z
department:
- _id: DEP5023
doi: 10.1109/etfa.2019.8869473
keyword:
- OPC UA
- Skills
- Capabilities
- Engineering
- Field-Device
- Interoperability
- Control
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1101-1108
place: '[Piscataway, NJ]'
publication: 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory
  Automation (ETFA)
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - 978-1-7281-0302-0
  eissn:
  - 1946-0759
  isbn:
  - 978-1-7281-0303-7
  issn:
  - 1946-0740
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
series_title: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA
status: public
title: Skill-based Engineering and Control on Field-Device-Level with OPC UA
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2019'
...