---
_id: '643'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: System theories are closely connected to the development of individual branches
    of science. Thus, system-theoretical approaches can be found in numerous scientific
    fields like biology, ecology, pedagogy, business administration, organization
    theory, engineering science, and political science. System-theoretical realizations
    are integrated into the own scientific field - with the concept of the work system.
    The starting point of various system-theoretical developments was formed by the
    system-theoretical-cybernetic approach. This mathematical approach contributed,
    considerably, to the fact that the system idea is applied to a set of scientific
    subjects. Individual scientific fields, in turn, provided impulses for the advancement
    of system theories. Due to various system-theoretical realizations an overview
    of system theories and approaches - how it is given in the first part of this
    article - can, inevitably, be only one interpretation of the manifold literature.
    The depiction of individual system-theoretical approaches in the first part of
    this article orients itself primarily towards several branches of science. Thus,
    the socio-technical system approach originating from social psychology is introduced
    as it corresponds with its own conception of a work system. The theory of social
    systems - originating from sociology - provides several impulses for other scientific
    fields. As a result, the individual development stages of the theory of social
    systems are outlined. This theory and other branches of science like business
    administration in turn took up realizations from the evolution theory. For this
    reason, this theory -originating from biology - will also be explained. Furthermore,
    this part exemplifies how system-theoretical realizations were integrated into
    engineering science. The single system-theoretical approaches are constituted
    in conjunction with the appropriate idea of man in each case. This should help
    when comparing the individual approaches with the own normative requirement of
    designing work in a human and economic way. In another part of the article the
    work system concept is described in detail as an entry to the systematic analysis,
    common in ergonomic literature. This part deals with the term "work system", the
    components of a typical work system and its substantial reciprocal effects. The
    last part of the article is dedicated to the systematic design of work systems.
    First of all general strategies of work system design are explained. Subsequently,
    models and methods are presented, exemplarily, based on a level scheme for the
    systematical order of work-referred realizations. These models and methods are
    able to support a systematical proceeding with the anticipating and prospective
    work system design. These approaches and methods are the result of research projects
    which were accomplished by the Institute of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics
    (IAW) and by the Research Institute for Operations Management (FIR) at the RWTH
    Aachen. The exemplarily cited research results are supposed to show that the use
    of the work system approach is possible and reasonable on different levels of
    ergonomic research.
author:
- first_name: Holger
  full_name: Luczak, Holger
  last_name: Luczak
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Hinrichsen, Sven
  id: '49010'
  last_name: Hinrichsen
- first_name: Susanne
  full_name: Mütze-Niewöhner, Susanne
  last_name: Mütze-Niewöhner
citation:
  ama: 'Luczak H, Hinrichsen S, Mütze-Niewöhner S. Humans in Work System Environment.
    In: Marras WS, Karwowski W, eds. <i>Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational
    Ergonomics</i>. 2. ed. Fundamentals and assessment tools for occupational ergonomics.
    London: CRC, Taylor &#38; Francis; 2006:5.1-5.52.'
  apa: 'Luczak, H., Hinrichsen, S., &#38; Mütze-Niewöhner, S. (2006). Humans in Work
    System Environment. In W. S. Marras &#38; W. Karwowski (Eds.), <i>Fundamentals
    and assessment tools for occupational ergonomics</i> (2. ed., pp. 5.1-5.52). London:
    CRC, Taylor &#38; Francis.'
  bjps: '<b>Luczak H, Hinrichsen S and Mütze-Niewöhner S</b> (2006) Humans in Work
    System Environment. In Marras WS and Karwowski W (eds), <i>Fundamentals and Assessment
    Tools for Occupational Ergonomics</i>, 2. ed. London: CRC, Taylor &#38; Francis,
    pp. 5.1-5.52.'
  chicago: 'Luczak, Holger, Sven Hinrichsen, and Susanne Mütze-Niewöhner. “Humans
    in Work System Environment.” In <i>Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational
    Ergonomics</i>, edited by William S. Marras and Waldemar Karwowski, 2. ed., 5.1-5.52.
    Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics. London: CRC, Taylor
    &#38; Francis, 2006.'
  chicago-de: 'Luczak, Holger, Sven Hinrichsen und Susanne Mütze-Niewöhner. 2006.
    Humans in Work System Environment. In: <i>Fundamentals and assessment tools for
    occupational ergonomics</i>, hg. von William S. Marras und Waldemar Karwowski,
    5.1-5.52. 2. ed. Fundamentals and assessment tools for occupational ergonomics.
    London: CRC, Taylor &#38; Francis.'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Luczak, Holger</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hinrichsen, Sven</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mütze-Niewöhner,
    Susanne</span>: Humans in Work System Environment. In: <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Marras,
    W. S.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Karwowski, W.</span> (Hrsg.):
    <i>Fundamentals and assessment tools for occupational ergonomics</i>, <i>Fundamentals
    and assessment tools for occupational ergonomics</i>. 2. ed. London : CRC, Taylor
    &#38; Francis, 2006, S. 5.1-5.52'
  havard: 'H. Luczak, S. Hinrichsen, S. Mütze-Niewöhner, Humans in Work System Environment,
    in: W.S. Marras, W. Karwowski (Eds.), Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational
    Ergonomics, 2. ed., CRC, Taylor &#38; Francis, London, 2006: pp. 5.1-5.52.'
  ieee: 'H. Luczak, S. Hinrichsen, and S. Mütze-Niewöhner, “Humans in Work System
    Environment,” in <i>Fundamentals and assessment tools for occupational ergonomics</i>,
    2. ed., W. S. Marras and W. Karwowski, Eds. London: CRC, Taylor &#38; Francis,
    2006, pp. 5.1-5.52.'
  mla: Luczak, Holger, et al. “Humans in Work System Environment.” <i>Fundamentals
    and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics</i>, edited by William S. Marras
    and Waldemar Karwowski, 2. ed., CRC, Taylor &#38; Francis, 2006, pp. 5.1-5.52.
  short: 'H. Luczak, S. Hinrichsen, S. Mütze-Niewöhner, in: W.S. Marras, W. Karwowski
    (Eds.), Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics, 2. ed.,
    CRC, Taylor &#38; Francis, London, 2006, pp. 5.1-5.52.'
  ufg: '<b>Luczak, Holger et. al. (2006)</b>: Humans in Work System Environment, in:
    William S. Marras/Waldemar Karwowski (Hgg.): <i>Fundamentals and assessment tools
    for occupational ergonomics</i> (=<i>Fundamentals and assessment tools for occupational
    ergonomics</i>), London, 2. ed., S. 5.1-5.52.'
  van: 'Luczak H, Hinrichsen S, Mütze-Niewöhner S. Humans in Work System Environment.
    In: Marras WS, Karwowski W, editors. Fundamentals and assessment tools for occupational
    ergonomics. 2. ed. London: CRC, Taylor &#38; Francis; 2006. p. 5.1-5.52. (Fundamentals
    and assessment tools for occupational ergonomics).'
date_created: 2019-03-05T11:03:37Z
date_updated: 2023-03-15T13:50:06Z
department:
- _id: DEP7020
edition: 2. ed.
editor:
- first_name: William S.
  full_name: Marras, William S.
  last_name: Marras
- first_name: Waldemar
  full_name: Karwowski, Waldemar
  last_name: Karwowski
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: http://scans.hebis.de/20/77/13/20771309_toc.pdf
page: 5.1-5.52
place: London
publication: Fundamentals and assessment tools for occupational ergonomics
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9780849319372'
  - '0-8493-1937-4 '
publication_status: published
publisher: CRC, Taylor & Francis
series_title: Fundamentals and assessment tools for occupational ergonomics
status: public
title: Humans in Work System Environment
type: book_chapter
user_id: '74004'
year: 2006
...