[{"publication":"8th International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry : IEEE RTSI 2024 - Research and Technologies for Society and Industry, International Forum ","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Machine learning systems are increasingly integrated into security-relevant applications, making their vul-nerability to adversarial examples a potential risk. Banknote authentication is one such use case that ensures trustworthiness in financial transactions. In addition to traditional security features, the printing technique of banknotes itself is leveraged for authentication. The Intaglio printing produces particularly fine print structures that can be analyzed and differentiated using spatial frequency analysis, e.g. the wavelet packet transform. Ap-propriate feature engineering in the wavelet packet tree allows the extraction of features enabling fast and reliable authentication. This paper presents an approach that generates adversarial examples by manipulating the feature space, classifying counterfeit banknote specimens as genuine. To this end, the variance of the wavelet coefficient distribution of individual detail nodes in the wavelet packet tree is increased. The approach leads to minimally perturbed images that are visually indistinguishable from the original input. The majority of pixels remain unchanged, i.e. 77% for the lower-quality and 86% for the high-quality counterfeit. Furthermore, the limitations of this approach are discussed, shedding light on its applicability and potential challenges.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"79206","first_name":"Julian","full_name":"Knaup, Julian","last_name":"Knaup"},{"id":"64782","last_name":"Holst","first_name":"Christoph-Alexander","full_name":"Holst, Christoph-Alexander"},{"id":"1804","last_name":"Lohweg","orcid":"0000-0002-3325-7887","first_name":"Volker","full_name":"Lohweg, Volker"}],"publisher":"IEEE","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["979-8-3503-6213-8"],"isbn":["979-8-3503-6214-5"]},"title":"Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication","keyword":["Printing","Technological innovation","Wavelet domain","Perturbation methods","Authentication","Feature extraction","Wavelet analysis","Wavelet packets","Security","Wavelet coefficients"],"page":"560-565","_id":"13796","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"corporate_editor":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"place":"Piscataway, NJ","type":"conference_editor_article","citation":{"ufg":"<b>Knaup, Julian/Holst, Christoph-Alexander/Lohweg, Volker</b>: Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication, hg. von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ 2024.","bjps":"<b>Knaup J, Holst C-A and Lohweg V</b> (2024) <i>Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication</i>, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ed.). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.","chicago-de":"Knaup, Julian, Christoph-Alexander Holst und Volker Lohweg. 2024. <i>Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication</i>. Hg. von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. <i>8th International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry : IEEE RTSI 2024 - Research and Technologies for Society and Industry, International Forum </i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182\">10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182</a>, .","apa":"Knaup, J., Holst, C.-A., &#38; Lohweg, V. (2024). Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication. In Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (Ed.), <i>8th International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry : IEEE RTSI 2024 - Research and Technologies for Society and Industry, International Forum </i> (pp. 560–565). IEEE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182\">https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182</a>","havard":"J. Knaup, C.-A. Holst, V. Lohweg, Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2024.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Knaup, Julian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Holst, Christoph-Alexander</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Lohweg, Volker</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication</i>. Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2024","short":"J. Knaup, C.-A. Holst, V. Lohweg, Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2024.","chicago":"Knaup, Julian, Christoph-Alexander Holst, and Volker Lohweg. <i>Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication</i>. Edited by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. <i>8th International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry : IEEE RTSI 2024 - Research and Technologies for Society and Industry, International Forum </i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182\">https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182</a>.","mla":"Knaup, Julian, et al. “Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication.” <i>8th International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry : IEEE RTSI 2024 - Research and Technologies for Society and Industry, International Forum </i>, edited by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE, 2024, pp. 560–65, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182\">https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182</a>.","ama":"Knaup J, Holst CA, Lohweg V. <i>Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication</i>. (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, ed.). IEEE; 2024:560-565. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182\">10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182</a>","van":"Knaup J, Holst CA, Lohweg V. Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, editor. 8th International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry : IEEE RTSI 2024 - Research and Technologies for Society and Industry, International Forum . Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2024.","ieee":"J. Knaup, C.-A. Holst, and V. Lohweg, <i>Hidden in Plain Sight: Adversarial Attack on Wavelet-Based Banknote Authentication</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2024, pp. 560–565. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182\">10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182</a>."},"conference":{"name":"8th Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Innovation (RTSI)","end_date":"2024-09-20","start_date":"2024-09-18","location":"Milano, Italy"},"year":"2024","doi":"10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761182","department":[{"_id":"DEP5023"}],"date_created":"2026-06-03T07:47:55Z","date_updated":"2026-06-03T08:46:01Z","user_id":"83781"}]