---
_id: '12941'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Stachybotrys chartarum (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) is a toxigenic fungus that
    is frequently isolated from water-damaged buildings or improperly stored feed.
    The secondary metabolites formed by this mold have been associated with health
    problems in humans and animals. Several authors have studied the influence of
    environmental conditions on the production of mycotoxins, but these studies focused
    on undefined or complex substrates, such as building materials and media that
    impeded investigations of the influence of specific nutrients. In this study,
    a chemically defined cultivation medium was used to investigate the impact of
    several nitrogen and carbon sources on growth of S. chartarum and its production
    of macrocyclic trichothecenes (MTs) and stachybotrylactam (STLAC). Increasing
    concentrations of sodium nitrate were found to positively affect mycelial growth,
    the level of sporulation, and MT production, while ammonium nitrate and ammonium
    chloride had an inhibitory effect. Potato starch was the superior and most reliable
    carbon source tested. Additionally, we observed that the level of sporulation
    was correlated with the production of MTs but not with that of STLAC. In this
    study, we provide a chemically well-defined cultivation medium suitable for standardized
    in vitro testing of the capacity of S. chartarum isolates to produce macrocyclic
    trichothecenes.
author:
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Tribelhorn, Katharina
  last_name: Tribelhorn
- first_name: Magdalena
  full_name: Twarużek, Magdalena
  last_name: Twarużek
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Kosicki, Robert
  last_name: Kosicki
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
- first_name: Frank
  full_name: Ebel, Frank
  last_name: Ebel
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
citation:
  ama: Tribelhorn K, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Straubinger RK, Ebel F, Ulrich S. A Chemically
    Defined Medium That Supports Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys chartarum Enabled
    Analysis of the Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on the Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic
    Trichothecenes and Stachybotrylactam. <i>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</i>.
    2023;89(7). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00163-23">10.1128/aem.00163-23</a>
  apa: Tribelhorn, K., Twarużek, M., Kosicki, R., Straubinger, R. K., Ebel, F., &#38;
    Ulrich, S. (2023). A Chemically Defined Medium That Supports Mycotoxin Production
    by Stachybotrys chartarum Enabled Analysis of the Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon
    Sources on the Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes and Stachybotrylactam.
    <i>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</i>, <i>89</i>(7). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00163-23">https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00163-23</a>
  bjps: <b>Tribelhorn K <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) A Chemically Defined Medium That
    Supports Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys Chartarum Enabled Analysis of the
    Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on the Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes
    and Stachybotrylactam. <i>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</i> <b>89</b>.
  chicago: Tribelhorn, Katharina, Magdalena Twarużek, Robert Kosicki, Reinhard K.
    Straubinger, Frank Ebel, and Sebastian Ulrich. “A Chemically Defined Medium That
    Supports Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys Chartarum Enabled Analysis of the
    Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on the Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes
    and Stachybotrylactam.” <i>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</i> 89, no.
    7 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00163-23">https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00163-23</a>.
  chicago-de: Tribelhorn, Katharina, Magdalena Twarużek, Robert Kosicki, Reinhard
    K. Straubinger, Frank Ebel und Sebastian Ulrich. 2023. A Chemically Defined Medium
    That Supports Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys chartarum Enabled Analysis
    of the Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on the Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic
    Trichothecenes and Stachybotrylactam. <i>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</i>
    89, Nr. 7. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00163-23">10.1128/aem.00163-23</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Tribelhorn, Katharina</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Twarużek, Magdalena</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kosicki,
    Robert</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger, Reinhard K.</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ebel, Frank</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span>: A Chemically Defined Medium That Supports Mycotoxin Production
    by Stachybotrys chartarum Enabled Analysis of the Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon
    Sources on the Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes and Stachybotrylactam.
    In: <i>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</i> Bd. 89.   Washington, DC [u.a.],
    American Society for Microbiology (2023), Nr. 7'
  havard: K. Tribelhorn, M. Twarużek, R. Kosicki, R.K. Straubinger, F. Ebel, S. Ulrich,
    A Chemically Defined Medium That Supports Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys
    chartarum Enabled Analysis of the Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on the
    Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes and Stachybotrylactam, Applied and
    Environmental Microbiology. 89 (2023).
  ieee: 'K. Tribelhorn, M. Twarużek, R. Kosicki, R. K. Straubinger, F. Ebel, and S.
    Ulrich, “A Chemically Defined Medium That Supports Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys
    chartarum Enabled Analysis of the Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on the
    Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes and Stachybotrylactam,” <i>Applied
    and Environmental Microbiology</i>, vol. 89, no. 7, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00163-23">10.1128/aem.00163-23</a>.'
  mla: Tribelhorn, Katharina, et al. “A Chemically Defined Medium That Supports Mycotoxin
    Production by Stachybotrys Chartarum Enabled Analysis of the Impact of Nitrogen
    and Carbon Sources on the Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes and Stachybotrylactam.”
    <i>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</i>, vol. 89, no. 7, 2023, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00163-23">https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00163-23</a>.
  short: K. Tribelhorn, M. Twarużek, R. Kosicki, R.K. Straubinger, F. Ebel, S. Ulrich,
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology 89 (2023).
  ufg: '<b>Tribelhorn, Katharina u. a.</b>: A Chemically Defined Medium That Supports
    Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys chartarum Enabled Analysis of the Impact
    of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on the Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes
    and Stachybotrylactam, in: <i>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</i> 89 (2023),
    H. 7.'
  van: Tribelhorn K, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Straubinger RK, Ebel F, Ulrich S. A Chemically
    Defined Medium That Supports Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys chartarum Enabled
    Analysis of the Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on the Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic
    Trichothecenes and Stachybotrylactam. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
    2023;89(7).
date_created: 2025-06-15T09:51:52Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T09:21:50Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.1128/aem.00163-23
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        89'
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
place: '  Washington, DC [u.a.]'
publication: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1098-5336
  issn:
  - 0099-2240
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society for Microbiology
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: A Chemically Defined Medium That Supports Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys
  chartarum Enabled Analysis of the Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on the Biosynthesis
  of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes and Stachybotrylactam
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 89
year: '2023'
...