---
_id: '12954'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Stachybotrys (S.) chartarum is a cellulolytic mould with the ability to produce
    highly cytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecenes. Two chemotypes are defined according
    to their ability to produce either atranones or satratoxins. S. chartarum has
    been well known as the causative agent of the lethal disease stachybotryotoxicosis
    in horses. Further investigations revealed that this disease is strictly correlated
    with the presence of macrocyclic trichothecenes. Furthermore, their occurrence
    in water-damaged buildings has been linked to adverse health effects such as the
    sick building syndrome. As the chemotypes cannot be characterized via phenotypic
    criteria, different methods such as PCR, MALDI–TOF MS, LC–MS/MS, thin-layer chromatography
    and cytotoxicity assays have been used so far. Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy
    (FT-IR) is commonly used for the differentiation of bacteria and yeasts, but this
    technique is also applicable to filamentous fungi. Hence, this study aimed at
    evaluating to which extent a reliable differentiation of S. chartarum chemotypes
    A and S is possible. Besides, another objective was to verify if the recently
    introduced third genotype of S. chartarum can be identified. Therefore, 28 strains
    including the two chemotypes and the third genotype H were cultivated on malt
    extract agar (MEA) and potato dextrose agar in three biological replicates. Each
    sample was applied to FT-IR measurements on day 7, 14 and 21 of cultivation. In
    this study, we achieved a distinction of the chemotypes A and S via FT-IR spectroscopy
    after incubation for 7 days on MEA. In terms of genotype differentiation, the
    PCR detecting satratoxin- and atranone-gene clusters remained the only applicable
    method.
author:
- first_name: Julia
  full_name: Ekruth, Julia
  last_name: Ekruth
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Gottschalk, Christoph
  last_name: Gottschalk
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Gareis, Manfred
  last_name: Gareis
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Schwaiger, Karin
  last_name: Schwaiger
citation:
  ama: Ekruth J, Gottschalk C, Ulrich S, Gareis M, Schwaiger K. Differentiation of
    S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy. <i>Mycopathologia</i>.
    2021;185(6):993-1004. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0">10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0</a>
  apa: Ekruth, J., Gottschalk, C., Ulrich, S., Gareis, M., &#38; Schwaiger, K. (2021).
    Differentiation of S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR
    Spectroscopy. <i>Mycopathologia</i>, <i>185</i>(6), 993–1004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0</a>
  bjps: <b>Ekruth J <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Differentiation of S. Chartarum (Ehrenb.)
    S. Hughes Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy. <i>Mycopathologia</i> <b>185</b>,
    993–1004.
  chicago: 'Ekruth, Julia, Christoph Gottschalk, Sebastian Ulrich, Manfred Gareis,
    and Karin Schwaiger. “Differentiation of S. Chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes Chemotypes
    A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy.” <i>Mycopathologia</i> 185, no. 6 (2021): 993–1004.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Ekruth, Julia, Christoph Gottschalk, Sebastian Ulrich, Manfred Gareis
    und Karin Schwaiger. 2021. Differentiation of S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes
    Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy. <i>Mycopathologia</i> 185, Nr. 6: 993–1004.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0">10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ekruth, Julia</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gottschalk, Christoph</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gareis, Manfred</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwaiger, Karin</span>: Differentiation
    of S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy.
    In: <i>Mycopathologia</i> Bd. 185. Dordrecht, Springer  (2021), Nr. 6, S. 993–1004'
  havard: J. Ekruth, C. Gottschalk, S. Ulrich, M. Gareis, K. Schwaiger, Differentiation
    of S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy,
    Mycopathologia. 185 (2021) 993–1004.
  ieee: 'J. Ekruth, C. Gottschalk, S. Ulrich, M. Gareis, and K. Schwaiger, “Differentiation
    of S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy,”
    <i>Mycopathologia</i>, vol. 185, no. 6, pp. 993–1004, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0">10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0</a>.'
  mla: Ekruth, Julia, et al. “Differentiation of S. Chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes
    Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy.” <i>Mycopathologia</i>, vol. 185, no.
    6, 2021, pp. 993–1004, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0</a>.
  short: J. Ekruth, C. Gottschalk, S. Ulrich, M. Gareis, K. Schwaiger, Mycopathologia
    185 (2021) 993–1004.
  ufg: '<b>Ekruth, Julia u. a.</b>: Differentiation of S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes
    Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy, in: <i>Mycopathologia</i> 185 (2021),
    H. 6,  S. 993–1004.'
  van: Ekruth J, Gottschalk C, Ulrich S, Gareis M, Schwaiger K. Differentiation of
    S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes Chemotypes A and S via FT-IR Spectroscopy. Mycopathologia.
    2021;185(6):993–1004.
date_created: 2025-06-15T10:00:44Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T13:56:54Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.1007/s11046-020-00495-0
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       185'
issue: '6'
keyword:
- Aspergillus nidulans
- Fungal biology
- Gas chromatography
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
- Western Blot
- Bacillus subtilis
language:
- iso: eng
page: 993-1004
place: Dordrecht
publication: Mycopathologia
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-0832
  issn:
  - 0301-486X
publication_status: published
publisher: 'Springer '
status: public
title: Differentiation of S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes Chemotypes A and S via
  FT-IR Spectroscopy
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 185
year: '2021'
...