---
_id: '12958'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Cytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecenes such as satratoxins are produced by chemotype
    S strains of Stachybotrys chartarum. Diseases such as stachybotryotoxicosis in
    animals and the sick building syndrome as a multifactorial disease complex in
    humans have been associated with this mold and its toxins. Less toxic non-chemotype
    S strains of S. chartarum are morphologically indistinguishable from chemotype
    S strains, which results in uncertainties in hazard characterization of isolates.
    To selectively identify macrocyclic trichothecene producing S. chartarum isolates,
    a set of sat14 gene-specific primers was designed and applied in a loop-mediated
    isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using neutral red for visual signal detection.
    The assay was highly specific for S. chartarum strains of the macrocyclic trichothecene
    producing chemotype and showed no cross-reaction with non-macrocyclic trichothecene
    producing S. chartarum strains or 152 strains of 131 other fungal species. The
    assay’s detection limit was 0.635 pg/rxn (picogram per reaction) with a reaction
    time of 60 min. Its high specificity and sensitivity as well as the cost-saving
    properties make the new assay an interesting and powerful diagnostic tool for
    easy and rapid testing.
author:
- first_name: Johannes
  full_name: Köck, Johannes
  last_name: Köck
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Gottschalk, Christoph
  last_name: Gottschalk
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Schwaiger, Karin
  last_name: Schwaiger
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Gareis, Manfred
  last_name: Gareis
- first_name: Ludwig
  full_name: Niessen, Ludwig
  last_name: Niessen
citation:
  ama: 'Köck J, Gottschalk C, Ulrich S, Schwaiger K, Gareis M, Niessen L. Rapid and
    selective detection of macrocyclic trichothecene producing Stachybotrys chartarum
    strains by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). <i>Analytical and bioanalytical
    chemistry : a merger of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry and Analusis</i>.
    2021;413(19):4801-4813. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y">10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y</a>'
  apa: 'Köck, J., Gottschalk, C., Ulrich, S., Schwaiger, K., Gareis, M., &#38; Niessen,
    L. (2021). Rapid and selective detection of macrocyclic trichothecene producing
    Stachybotrys chartarum strains by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).
    <i>Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry : A Merger of Fresenius’ Journal of
    Analytical Chemistry and Analusis</i>, <i>413</i>(19), 4801–4813. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Köck J <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Rapid and Selective Detection of Macrocyclic
    Trichothecene Producing Stachybotrys Chartarum Strains by Loop-Mediated Isothermal
    Amplification (LAMP). <i>Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of
    Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry and Analusis</i> <b>413</b>, 4801–4813.'
  chicago: 'Köck, Johannes, Christoph Gottschalk, Sebastian Ulrich, Karin Schwaiger,
    Manfred Gareis, and Ludwig Niessen. “Rapid and Selective Detection of Macrocyclic
    Trichothecene Producing Stachybotrys Chartarum Strains by Loop-Mediated Isothermal
    Amplification (LAMP).” <i>Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry : A Merger of
    Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry and Analusis</i> 413, no. 19 (2021):
    4801–13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Köck, Johannes, Christoph Gottschalk, Sebastian Ulrich, Karin Schwaiger,
    Manfred Gareis und Ludwig Niessen. 2021. Rapid and selective detection of macrocyclic
    trichothecene producing Stachybotrys chartarum strains by loop-mediated isothermal
    amplification (LAMP). <i>Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of
    Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry and Analusis</i> 413, Nr. 19: 4801–4813.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y">10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Köck, Johannes</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gottschalk, Christoph</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwaiger, Karin</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gareis, Manfred</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Niessen,
    Ludwig</span>: Rapid and selective detection of macrocyclic trichothecene producing
    Stachybotrys chartarum strains by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).
    In: <i>Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius’ journal
    of analytical chemistry and Analusis</i> Bd. 413. Berlin ; Heidelberg, Springer  (2021),
    Nr. 19, S. 4801–4813'
  havard: 'J. Köck, C. Gottschalk, S. Ulrich, K. Schwaiger, M. Gareis, L. Niessen,
    Rapid and selective detection of macrocyclic trichothecene producing Stachybotrys
    chartarum strains by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), Analytical
    and Bioanalytical Chemistry : A Merger of Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    and Analusis. 413 (2021) 4801–4813.'
  ieee: 'J. Köck, C. Gottschalk, S. Ulrich, K. Schwaiger, M. Gareis, and L. Niessen,
    “Rapid and selective detection of macrocyclic trichothecene producing Stachybotrys
    chartarum strains by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP),” <i>Analytical
    and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry
    and Analusis</i>, vol. 413, no. 19, pp. 4801–4813, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y">10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y</a>.'
  mla: 'Köck, Johannes, et al. “Rapid and Selective Detection of Macrocyclic Trichothecene
    Producing Stachybotrys Chartarum Strains by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
    (LAMP).” <i>Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry : A Merger of Fresenius’ Journal
    of Analytical Chemistry and Analusis</i>, vol. 413, no. 19, 2021, pp. 4801–13,
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y</a>.'
  short: 'J. Köck, C. Gottschalk, S. Ulrich, K. Schwaiger, M. Gareis, L. Niessen,
    Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry : A Merger of Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical
    Chemistry and Analusis 413 (2021) 4801–4813.'
  ufg: '<b>Köck, Johannes u. a.</b>: Rapid and selective detection of macrocyclic
    trichothecene producing Stachybotrys chartarum strains by loop-mediated isothermal
    amplification (LAMP), in: <i>Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger
    of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry and Analusis</i> 413 (2021), H.
    19,  S. 4801–4813.'
  van: 'Köck J, Gottschalk C, Ulrich S, Schwaiger K, Gareis M, Niessen L. Rapid and
    selective detection of macrocyclic trichothecene producing Stachybotrys chartarum
    strains by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Analytical and bioanalytical
    chemistry : a merger of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry and Analusis.
    2021;413(19):4801–13.'
date_created: 2025-06-15T10:06:17Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T14:17:01Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.1007/s00216-021-03436-y
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       413'
issue: '19'
keyword:
- Aspergillus nidulans
- Basidiomycetes
- Fungi
- Strigolactone
- Liquid chromatography
- Solid-phase microextraction
language:
- iso: eng
page: 4801-4813
place: Berlin ; Heidelberg
publication: 'Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius'' journal
  of analytical chemistry and Analusis'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1618-2650
  issn:
  - 1618-2642
publication_status: published
publisher: 'Springer '
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Rapid and selective detection of macrocyclic trichothecene producing Stachybotrys
  chartarum strains by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 413
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '12977'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Stachybotrys (S.) spp. are omnipresent cellulolytic molds. Some species are
    highly toxic owing to their ability to synthesize various secondary metabolites
    such as macrocyclic trichothecenes or hemolysins. The reliable identification
    of Stachybotrys at species level is currently limited to genome-based identification.
    This study aimed to establish a fast and reliable MALDI-TOF MS identification
    method by optimizing the pre-analytical steps for protein extraction for subsequent
    generation of high-quality fingerprint mass spectra. Eight reference strains of
    the American Type Culture Collection and the Technical University of Denmark were
    cultivated in triplicate (biological repetitions) for 2 days in malt extract broth.
    The mycelia (1.5 ml) were first washed with 75 % ethanol and an additional washing
    step with dimethyl sulfoxide (10 %) was added to remove unspecific low weight
    masses. Furthermore, mycelia were broken with roughened glass beads in formic
    acid (70 %) and acetonitrile. The method was successfully applied to a total of
    45 isolates of Stachybotrys originating from three different habitats (indoor,
    feed, and food samples; n = 15 each): Twenty-seven isolates of S. chartarum and
    18 isolates of S. chlorohalonata could be identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The data
    obtained exactly matched those obtained by genome-based identification. The mean
    score values for S. chartarum ranged from 2.509 to 2.739 and from 2.148 to 2.622
    for S. chlorohalonata with a very good reproducibility: the relative standard
    deviations were between 0.3 % and 6.8 %. Thus, MALDI-TOF MS proved to be a fast
    and reliable alternative to identification of Stachybotrys spp. by nucleotide
    amplification and sequencing.'
author:
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Biermaier, Barbara
  last_name: Biermaier
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Bader, Oliver
  last_name: Bader
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Wolf, Georg
  last_name: Wolf
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Didier, Andrea
  last_name: Didier
- first_name: Brigitte
  full_name: Sperner, Brigitte
  last_name: Sperner
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Schwaiger, Karin
  last_name: Schwaiger
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Gareis, Manfred
  last_name: Gareis
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Gottschalk, Christoph
  last_name: Gottschalk
citation:
  ama: 'Ulrich S, Biermaier B, Bader O, et al. Identification of Stachybotrys spp.
    by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry :
    a merger of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i>.
    2016;408(27):7565-7581. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>'
  apa: 'Ulrich, S., Biermaier, B., Bader, O., Wolf, G., Straubinger, R. K., Didier,
    A., Sperner, B., Schwaiger, K., Gareis, M., &#38; Gottschalk, C. (2016). Identification
    of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. <i>  Analytical &#38; Bioanalytical
    Chemistry : A Merger of Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Analusis and
    Quimica Analitica</i>, <i>408</i>(27), 7565–7581. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Ulrich S <i>et al.</i></b> (2016) Identification of Stachybotrys Spp.
    by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry :
    a merger of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i>
    <b>408</b>, 7565–7581.'
  chicago: 'Ulrich, Sebastian, Barbara Biermaier, Oliver Bader, Georg Wolf, Reinhard
    K. Straubinger, Andrea Didier, Brigitte Sperner, Karin Schwaiger, Manfred Gareis,
    and Christoph Gottschalk. “Identification of Stachybotrys Spp. by MALDI-TOF Mass
    Spectrometry.” <i>  Analytical &#38; Bioanalytical Chemistry : A Merger of Fresenius’
    Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Analusis and Quimica Analitica</i> 408, no. 27
    (2016): 7565–81. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Ulrich, Sebastian, Barbara Biermaier, Oliver Bader, Georg Wolf, Reinhard
    K. Straubinger, Andrea Didier, Brigitte Sperner, Karin Schwaiger, Manfred Gareis
    und Christoph Gottschalk. 2016. Identification of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF
    mass spectrometry. <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of
    Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i>
    408, Nr. 27: 7565–7581. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Biermaier, Barbara</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bader, Oliver</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wolf,
    Georg</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger, Reinhard K.</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Didier, Andrea</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sperner,
    Brigitte</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwaiger, Karin</span>
    ; u. a.</span>: Identification of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
    In: <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius’ journal
    of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i> Bd. 408. Berlin ;
    Heidelberg, Springer (2016), Nr. 27, S. 7565–7581'
  havard: 'S. Ulrich, B. Biermaier, O. Bader, G. Wolf, R.K. Straubinger, A. Didier,
    B. Sperner, K. Schwaiger, M. Gareis, C. Gottschalk, Identification of Stachybotrys
    spp. by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry,   Analytical &#38; Bioanalytical Chemistry :
    A Merger of Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Analusis and Quimica Analitica.
    408 (2016) 7565–7581.'
  ieee: 'S. Ulrich <i>et al.</i>, “Identification of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF
    mass spectrometry,” <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of
    Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i>,
    vol. 408, no. 27, pp. 7565–7581, 2016, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>.'
  mla: 'Ulrich, Sebastian, et al. “Identification of Stachybotrys Spp. by MALDI-TOF
    Mass Spectrometry.” <i>  Analytical &#38; Bioanalytical Chemistry : A Merger of
    Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Analusis and Quimica Analitica</i>,
    vol. 408, no. 27, 2016, pp. 7565–81, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9</a>.'
  short: 'S. Ulrich, B. Biermaier, O. Bader, G. Wolf, R.K. Straubinger, A. Didier,
    B. Sperner, K. Schwaiger, M. Gareis, C. Gottschalk,   Analytical &#38; Bioanalytical
    Chemistry : A Merger of Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Analusis and
    Quimica Analitica 408 (2016) 7565–7581.'
  ufg: '<b>Ulrich, Sebastian u. a.</b>: Identification of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF
    mass spectrometry, in: <i>  Analytical &#38; bioanalytical chemistry : a merger
    of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica</i>
    408 (2016), H. 27,  S. 7565–7581.'
  van: 'Ulrich S, Biermaier B, Bader O, Wolf G, Straubinger RK, Didier A, et al. Identification
    of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.   Analytical &#38; bioanalytical
    chemistry : a merger of Fresenius’ journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and
    Quimica analitica. 2016;408(27):7565–81.'
date_created: 2025-06-15T10:32:52Z
date_updated: 2025-06-18T12:11:46Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9800-9
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       408'
issue: '27'
keyword:
- Stachybotrys spp
- MALDI-TOF MS
- Mass spectrometry
- Filamentous fungi
language:
- iso: eng
page: 7565-7581
place: Berlin ; Heidelberg
publication: '  Analytical & bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius'' journal
  of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1618-2650
  issn:
  - 1618-2642
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Identification of Stachybotrys spp. by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 408
year: '2016'
...