--- _id: '13307' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Urban transformation and urban preservation are often seen as contradicting goals. Currently, there is no agreed - upon strategy on how to transform historic parts of the city while maintaining their heritage values. Many cities today are characterised by modern 20th - century heritage, yet it poses a challenge to their liveability and to the adoption of less car - dependent lifestyles. The concept of 15 - minute cities can be used to improve urban liveability, which may positively affect the experience and functionality of modern historic urban landscapes (HUL). A review of the existing literature on the 15 - minute city concept was carried out with the aim of identifying its key indicators and proposing possible new ones. This research primarily explores how the 15 - minute city concept can be applied holistically and efficiently in modern heritage. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 20 articles published after the introduction of the concept and meeting the inclusion criteria in the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases were reviewed. Selected examples and case studies are analysed to contextualise these variables and explore how they can be reflected in modern historic urban landscapes. As a result, the following variables are identified as central to the 15 - minute city concept: mobility, time, distance, speed, functions of the amenities each with their associated indicators. Moreover, spatial characteristics, human - centred factors and heritage values are proposed as variables. The results are expected to give insights into how to operationalise the concept of 15 - minute cities in modern sites of historic urban landscapes, in order to improve liveability while simultaneously preserving its values. This research contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting walkable, climate - resilient neighbourhoods. In particular, it aligns with SDG Target 11.4, which focuses on cultural and natural heritage.' author: - first_name: Aylin full_name: Erol, Aylin id: '87943' last_name: Erol - first_name: Marcel full_name: Cardinali, Marcel id: '58462' last_name: Cardinali orcid: 0000-0002-8841-9345 - first_name: Susanne full_name: Kost, Susanne id: '83142' last_name: Kost - first_name: Uta full_name: Pottgiesser, Uta id: '27166' last_name: Pottgiesser orcid: 0000-0002-8594-3168 citation: ama: 'Erol A, Cardinali M, Kost S, Pottgiesser U. A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability. Inżynieria Mineralna. 2025;2(2):1-9. doi:10.29227/im-2025-02-02-123' apa: 'Erol, A., Cardinali, M., Kost, S., & Pottgiesser, U. (2025). A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability. Inżynieria Mineralna, 2(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.29227/im-2025-02-02-123' bjps: 'Erol A et al. (2025) A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability. Inżynieria Mineralna 2, 1–9.' chicago: 'Erol, Aylin, Marcel Cardinali, Susanne Kost, and Uta Pottgiesser. “A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability.” Inżynieria Mineralna 2, no. 2 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.29227/im-2025-02-02-123.' chicago-de: 'Erol, Aylin, Marcel Cardinali, Susanne Kost und Uta Pottgiesser. 2025. A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability. Inżynieria Mineralna 2, Nr. 2: 1–9. doi:10.29227/im-2025-02-02-123, .' din1505-2-1: 'Erol, Aylin ; Cardinali, Marcel ; Kost, Susanne ; Pottgiesser, Uta: A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability. In: Inżynieria Mineralna Bd. 2. Kraków , Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin (2025), Nr. 2, S. 1–9' havard: 'A. Erol, M. Cardinali, S. Kost, U. Pottgiesser, A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability, Inżynieria Mineralna. 2 (2025) 1–9.' ieee: 'A. Erol, M. Cardinali, S. Kost, and U. Pottgiesser, “A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability,” Inżynieria Mineralna, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2025, doi: 10.29227/im-2025-02-02-123.' mla: 'Erol, Aylin, et al. “A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability.” Inżynieria Mineralna, vol. 2, no. 2, 2025, pp. 1–9, https://doi.org/10.29227/im-2025-02-02-123.' short: A. Erol, M. Cardinali, S. Kost, U. Pottgiesser, Inżynieria Mineralna 2 (2025) 1–9. ufg: 'Erol, Aylin u. a.: A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability, in: Inżynieria Mineralna 2 (2025), H. 2,  S. 1–9.' van: 'Erol A, Cardinali M, Kost S, Pottgiesser U. A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability. Inżynieria Mineralna. 2025;2(2):1–9.' date_created: 2025-11-25T10:26:14Z date_updated: 2025-11-26T07:27:17Z department: - _id: DEP1647 - _id: DEP1620 doi: 10.29227/im-2025-02-02-123 intvolume: ' 2' issue: '2' keyword: - 15-minute city - historic urban landscapes (HUL) - Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - heritage - modernism - urban indicators language: - iso: eng page: 1-9 place: 'Kraków ' publication: Inżynieria Mineralna publication_identifier: issn: - 1640-4920 publication_status: published publisher: 'Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin ' status: public title: 'A Systematic Review of the 15-Minute City Concept: Indicators for Urban Liveability and Sustainability' type: scientific_journal_article user_id: '83781' volume: 2 year: '2025' ... --- _id: '13310' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The mental health crisis among university students is gradually increasing, from psychological fatigue, burnout, and anxiety to suicide, forcing universities to integrate a mental health focus in sustainable campus planning. Mental health can be influenced, either alleviated or exacerbated, by the academic environment. Campus Sustainability Assessment Tools (CSATs) provided various indicators, but few include spatial indicators related to mental health. To bridge this gap, it is essential to understand the influence of spatial aspects on students’ psychological well - being. Identifying environmental stressors and spatial qualities and translating them into indicators that can be consistently defined and evaluated is relevant. This study aims to address the gap in CSATs regarding students'' mental health and to develop spatial indicators for universities to embed mental health. The goal is to propose spatial indicators that allow universities to evaluate and measure the relationship between the built campus environment and mental health. A comparative analysis was conducted on ten CSAT frameworks and two related frameworks, including the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the Circular Economy (CE), with a focus on identifying and evaluating existing assessments. In parallel, a review was conducted to analyze key psychological stressors and interventions in the academic environment for university students'' mental health. This included formulating spatial indicators that describe, quantify, and assess the relationship to psychological outcomes. Findings show that existing CSATs prioritize curriculum and teaching approaches, and research includes scholarship, social network, and operational aspects. However, only the Sustainability Tool for Auditing Universities'' Curricula in Higher Education (STAUNCH) and Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System (STARS) explicitly reference mental health. Apart from STAUNCH and UI GreenMetric, which include indicators of biodiversity and green space ratio, respectively, nearly all frameworks focus on non - physical, conceptual metrics. The identification of spatial indicators is linked to specific design attributes — such as natural light, spatial openness, and access to nature — that promise reduced stress and enhanced emotional well - being. Key findings related to the study’s spatial indicators propose a three - part indicator set: 1. Psycho - spatial indicators (e.g., light, acoustic, and visual comfort, finishing material, accessibility, air quality, layout) . 2. Socio - spatial indicators (e.g., communal area, visibility, accessibility, safety, interconnection) . 3. Restorative spatial indicators (e.g., naturalness, spatiality, safety and security, privacy - public balance) . Universities must focus on preserving students’ mental health by improving their physical environments, especially because supporting and fostering mental health is no longer optional. Understanding the tangible ways in which space impacts mental health enables universities to define clear, measurable criteria for improvement. These findings offer a practical foundation for evaluating existing environments and guiding future design interventions. A three - part indicator set will be developed and applied through a mixed - method case study approach, implemented in two existing campuses, and it will be examined in depth via on - site observations, structured interviews, and student surveys to capture both measurable data and lived experiences. The framework aims to articulate the connection between spatial design and mental health and to establish a methodology for identifying, defining, and assessing these indicators across different university settings.' author: - first_name: Nathania full_name: Nadia, Nathania id: '80588' last_name: Nadia - first_name: Uta full_name: Pottgiesser, Uta id: '27166' last_name: Pottgiesser orcid: 0000-0002-8594-3168 citation: ama: 'Nadia N, Pottgiesser U. Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. Inżynieria Mineralna. 2025;2(2). doi:10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098' apa: 'Nadia, N., & Pottgiesser, U. (2025). Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. Inżynieria Mineralna, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098' bjps: 'Nadia N and Pottgiesser U (2025) Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. Inżynieria Mineralna 2.' chicago: 'Nadia, Nathania, and Uta Pottgiesser. “Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses.” Inżynieria Mineralna 2, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098.' chicago-de: 'Nadia, Nathania und Uta Pottgiesser. 2025. Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. Inżynieria Mineralna 2, Nr. 2. doi:10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098, .' din1505-2-1: 'Nadia, Nathania ; Pottgiesser, Uta: Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. In: Inżynieria Mineralna Bd. 2. Kraków, Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin (2025), Nr. 2' havard: 'N. Nadia, U. Pottgiesser, Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses, Inżynieria Mineralna. 2 (2025).' ieee: 'N. Nadia and U. Pottgiesser, “Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses,” Inżynieria Mineralna, vol. 2, no. 2, 2025, doi: 10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098.' mla: 'Nadia, Nathania, and Uta Pottgiesser. “Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses.” Inżynieria Mineralna, vol. 2, no. 2, 2025, https://doi.org/10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098.' short: N. Nadia, U. Pottgiesser, Inżynieria Mineralna 2 (2025). ufg: 'Nadia, Nathania/Pottgiesser, Uta: Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses, in: Inżynieria Mineralna 2 (2025), H. 2.' van: 'Nadia N, Pottgiesser U. Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses. Inżynieria Mineralna. 2025;2(2).' date_created: 2025-11-26T19:27:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-01T10:35:56Z department: - _id: DEP1600 - _id: DEP1055 doi: 10.29227/im-2025-02-02-098 intvolume: ' 2' issue: '2' keyword: - campus sustainability - mental health design - spatial indicators language: - iso: eng place: Kraków publication: Inżynieria Mineralna publication_identifier: issn: - 1640-4920 publication_status: published publisher: Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin status: public title: 'Sustainable Design for Mental Health: A Framework of Spatial Indicators for University Campuses' type: scientific_journal_article user_id: '83781' volume: 2 year: '2025' ...