---
_id: '4012'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption
    and consequently the emission of carbon dioxide. The fuel consumption of those
    systems depends significantly on the topology of the powertrain and the applied
    control strategy. For testing and improving the control strategy in terms of the
    overall system efficiency, Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation can be applied.
    In order to operate the corresponding electronic control units in a virtual environment,
    it emulates the behavior of the actuator and sensor signals by a real-time simulation
    of the powertrain. Developing those powertrain models is a time-consuming task,
    due to high dynamics and high switching frequencies of the electrical subsystem
    and due to the large diversity of powertrain configurations. The electrical subsystem
    comprises the electric motor, inverter and battery whereas the different powertrain
    configurations are composed of the transmission, the combustion engine, the electric
    drives, etc.. Additionally, the correct power flow and losses within the powertrains
    components must be considered when HIL simulation is intended to be used for improving
    the control strategy.In this contribution a method for modeling arbitrary combinations
    of clutches and various types of gears is presented which enables an efficient
    modeling of transmission systems. The obtained models are real-time capable and
    the correct power flows and losses are considered. The method is applied to a
    powertrain with a two mode power-split transmission, which is a typical example
    comprising electric drives as well as shifting clutches. Finally simulation results
    will be presented.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Geng, Stefan
  id: '43696'
  last_name: Geng
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Schulte, Thomas
  id: '46242'
  last_name: Schulte
citation:
  ama: Geng S, Schulte T. Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
    <i>SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains </i>. 2015;4(1):34-45.
  apa: Geng, S., &#38; Schulte, T. (2015). Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid Electric
    Vehicles. <i>SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains </i>, <i>4</i>(1),
    34–45.
  bjps: <b>Geng S and Schulte T</b> (2015) Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid Electric
    Vehicles. <i>SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains </i> <b>4</b>,
    34–45.
  chicago: 'Geng, Stefan, and Thomas Schulte. “Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid
    Electric Vehicles.” <i>SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains </i>
    4, no. 1 (2015): 34–45.'
  chicago-de: 'Geng, Stefan und Thomas Schulte. 2015. Real-Time Powertrain Models
    of Hybrid Electric Vehicles. <i>SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains
    </i> 4, Nr. 1: 34–45.'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Geng, Stefan</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schulte, Thomas</span>: Real-Time Powertrain
    Models of Hybrid Electric Vehicles. In: <i>SAE International Journal of Alternative
    Powertrains </i> Bd. 4.   Warrendale, PA , SAE International (2015), Nr. 1, S. 34–45'
  havard: S. Geng, T. Schulte, Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid Electric Vehicles,
    SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains . 4 (2015) 34–45.
  ieee: S. Geng and T. Schulte, “Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid Electric Vehicles,”
    <i>SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains </i>, vol. 4, no. 1, pp.
    34–45, 2015.
  mla: Geng, Stefan, and Thomas Schulte. “Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid Electric
    Vehicles.” <i>SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains </i>, vol.
    4, no. 1, SAE International, 2015, pp. 34–45.
  short: S. Geng, T. Schulte, SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains  4
    (2015) 34–45.
  ufg: '<b>Geng, Stefan/Schulte, Thomas (2015)</b>: Real-Time Powertrain Models of
    Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in: <i>SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains
    </i> <i>4</i> (<i>1</i>), S. 34–45.'
  van: Geng S, Schulte T. Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
    SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains . 2015;4(1):34–45.
date_created: 2020-11-23T13:44:16Z
date_updated: 2023-03-15T13:49:49Z
department:
- _id: DEP6020
intvolume: '         4'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 34 - 45
place: '  Warrendale, PA '
publication: 'SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains '
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2167-4205
publication_status: published
publisher: SAE International
status: public
title: Real-Time Powertrain Models of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
type: journal_article
user_id: '74004'
volume: 4
year: 2015
...