---
_id: '6898'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A statistical analysis is presented
    that investigates the dependence of team cities’ geographical distances on the
    effect of home advantage (HA) for 57 years of the men’s German first soccer division
    (“Bundesliga”), including 17,376 matches (seasons starting from 1964 to 2020).
    The data shows that the HA can clearly be evidenced in the past and present (statistical
    <jats:italic>p‑value</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and that it also exists for negligible
    distances (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). The HA and the influence of
    distance on the HA both significantly decreased gradually over the last decades
    (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). For the first and only time, the HA
    reversed into an away advantage (AA) for the season 2019/2020 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01).
    The influence of distance on HA has been significant (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01)
    in the past (before about 1990) and contributed roughly by about half, compared
    to a situation without HA or AA. It increases with distance and saturates at around
    100 km. Such saturation behaviour is in line with results from higher divisions
    of other countries with similar travelling distances such as Italy, Turkey and
    England. However, the distance-dependent contribution to HA has been approximately
    halved and reduced to an insignificant amount today. Furthermore, the temporal
    HA reduction is significantly larger for large distances compared to short distances
    (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Reporting and quantifying a reduction
    (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) of the distance-dependent contribution
    to HA over a time span of 57 years is novel.</jats:p>
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nils
  full_name: Beckmann, Nils
  id: '62068'
  last_name: Beckmann
  orcid: 0000-0003-4337-7978
citation:
  ama: Beckmann N. Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage
    over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division. <i>German Journal of
    Exercise and Sport Research</i>. 2021. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7">10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7</a>
  apa: Beckmann, N. (2021). Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage
    over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division. <i>German Journal of
    Exercise and Sport Research</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7</a>
  bjps: <b>Beckmann N</b> (2021) Statistical Influence of Travelling Distance on Home
    Advantage over 57 Years in the Men’s German First Soccer Division. <i>German Journal
    of Exercise and Sport Research</i>.
  chicago: Beckmann, Nils. “Statistical Influence of Travelling Distance on Home Advantage
    over 57 Years in the Men’s German First Soccer Division.” <i>German Journal of
    Exercise and Sport Research</i>, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7</a>.
  chicago-de: Beckmann, Nils. 2021. Statistical influence of travelling distance on
    home advantage over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division. <i>German
    Journal of Exercise and Sport Research</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7,">10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7,</a>
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Beckmann, Nils</span>: Statistical
    influence of travelling distance on home advantage over 57 years in the men’s
    German first soccer division. In: <i>German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research</i>
    (2021)'
  havard: N. Beckmann, Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage
    over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division, German Journal of Exercise
    and Sport Research. (2021).
  ieee: N. Beckmann, “Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage
    over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division,” <i>German Journal of
    Exercise and Sport Research</i>, 2021.
  mla: Beckmann, Nils. “Statistical Influence of Travelling Distance on Home Advantage
    over 57 Years in the Men’s German First Soccer Division.” <i>German Journal of
    Exercise and Sport Research</i>, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7">10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7</a>.
  short: N. Beckmann, German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research (2021).
  ufg: '<b>Beckmann, Nils (2021)</b>: Statistical influence of travelling distance
    on home advantage over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division, in:
    <i>German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research</i>.'
  van: Beckmann N. Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage
    over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division. German Journal of Exercise
    and Sport Research. 2021;
date_created: 2021-12-14T15:46:58Z
date_updated: 2023-03-15T13:50:08Z
ddc:
- '310'
doi: 10.1007/s12662-021-00787-7
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: det-ysu
  date_created: 2021-12-14T15:48:41Z
  date_updated: 2021-12-14T15:48:41Z
  file_id: '6899'
  file_name: Beckmann2021_Article_StatisticalInfluenceOfTravelli.pdf
  file_size: 729989
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-12-14T15:48:41Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Statistical analysis
- Historic development
- Geographical distance
- Team performance
- Home and away match results
- Home advantage decline
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12662-021-00787-7
oa: '1'
publication: German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2509-3142
  - 2509-3150
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage over 57 years
  in the men’s German first soccer division
type: journal_article
user_id: '62068'
year: 2021
...