--- _id: '14069' abstract: - lang: eng text: As automation is progressively more present in buildings, it is important to understand its impact on people’s experience of urban environments. This case study investigated how one automated shading system with motorized venetian blinds affects sound perception of the acoustic environment in the immediate outdoor surroundings of a university campus building in Detmold, Germany. Procedures of ISO 12913 series for soundscape research were followed to conduct acoustic measurements and derive psychoacoustic indicators. Additionally, soundwalks involving 41 participants and a laboratory study using immersive virtual reality (VR) with 34 participants were conducted to assess how individuals perceive the acoustic environment. The results show that the operation of automated blinds increases sound levels above reference thresholds at short distances, and has a consistent effect on the soundscape, shifting it from pleasant and calm to annoying and chaotic. These trends are notable in both on-site and laboratory data. Additionally, when participants evaluated the soundscape in direct visual connection with the operating façade shading system, they perceived the sounds to be less chaotic than when they were not seeing the façade. These findings highlight that automated buildings and façades are active sound sources capable of influencing environmental quality through acoustic and non-acoustic effects; therefore, their influence on the soundscape should be considered within performance assessments, smart/automation policy, and sustainability frameworks. article_number: '111498' author: - first_name: Alvaro full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro id: '74171' last_name: Balderrama orcid: 0000-0002-4118-2838 - first_name: Alessandra full_name: Luna-Navarro, Alessandra last_name: Luna-Navarro - first_name: Jian full_name: Kang, Jian last_name: Kang - first_name: Hussam full_name: Al Basha, Hussam last_name: Al Basha - first_name: Eric full_name: Verschuur, Eric last_name: Verschuur - first_name: Daniel full_name: Arztmann, Daniel id: '58805' last_name: Arztmann - first_name: Ulrich full_name: Knaack, Ulrich id: '27160' last_name: Knaack citation: ama: Balderrama A, Luna-Navarro A, Kang J, et al. Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings. Applied Acoustics. 2026;254. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498 apa: Balderrama, A., Luna-Navarro, A., Kang, J., Al Basha, H., Verschuur, E., Arztmann, D., & Knaack, U. (2026). Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings. Applied Acoustics, 254, Article 111498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498 bjps: Balderrama A et al. (2026) Influence of Automated Façades on the Soundscape Outside of Buildings. Applied Acoustics 254. chicago: Balderrama, Alvaro, Alessandra Luna-Navarro, Jian Kang, Hussam Al Basha, Eric Verschuur, Daniel Arztmann, and Ulrich Knaack. “Influence of Automated Façades on the Soundscape Outside of Buildings.” Applied Acoustics 254 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498. chicago-de: Balderrama, Alvaro, Alessandra Luna-Navarro, Jian Kang, Hussam Al Basha, Eric Verschuur, Daniel Arztmann und Ulrich Knaack. 2026. Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings. Applied Acoustics 254. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498, . din1505-2-1: 'Balderrama, Alvaro ; Luna-Navarro, Alessandra ; Kang, Jian ; Al Basha, Hussam ; Verschuur, Eric ; Arztmann, Daniel ; Knaack, Ulrich: Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings. In: Applied Acoustics Bd. 254. Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier (2026)' havard: A. Balderrama, A. Luna-Navarro, J. Kang, H. Al Basha, E. Verschuur, D. Arztmann, U. Knaack, Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings, Applied Acoustics. 254 (2026). ieee: 'A. Balderrama et al., “Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings,” Applied Acoustics, vol. 254, Art. no. 111498, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498.' mla: Balderrama, Alvaro, et al. “Influence of Automated Façades on the Soundscape Outside of Buildings.” Applied Acoustics, vol. 254, 111498, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498. short: A. Balderrama, A. Luna-Navarro, J. Kang, H. Al Basha, E. Verschuur, D. Arztmann, U. Knaack, Applied Acoustics 254 (2026). ufg: 'Balderrama, Alvaro u. a.: Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings, in: Applied Acoustics 254 (2026).' van: Balderrama A, Luna-Navarro A, Kang J, Al Basha H, Verschuur E, Arztmann D, et al. Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings. Applied Acoustics. 2026;254. date_created: 2026-09-30T10:13:50Z date_updated: 2026-10-01T14:28:02Z department: - _id: DEP1634 doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2026.111498 intvolume: ' 254' keyword: - Urban - Soundscape - Acoustic - Perception - Comfort - Sustainability language: - iso: eng place: Amsterdam [u.a.] publication: Applied Acoustics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1872-910X issn: - 0003-682X publication_status: published publisher: 'Elsevier ' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Influence of automated façades on the soundscape outside of buildings type: scientific_journal_article user_id: '83781' volume: 254 year: '2026' ... --- _id: '14068' abstract: - lang: eng text: Personalised Environmental Control Systems (PECS) enable occupants to locally adjust environmental parameters without affecting others. Rooted in the fields of thermal and air quality management, this approach is key for enhancing satisfaction and well-being in the built environment by empowering occupants to control their immediate surroundings. Moreover, it offers energy-saving potential by optimizing conditions in targeted areas rather than across the entire environment. Within the framework of the IEA EBC Annex 87, the concept was explored for the first time in the acoustic domain. After defining Acoustic PECS, a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted to unpack (1) technologies in the literature aligning with this concept; (2) their impact on occupants; and (3) current limitations. The literature search, conducted on Scopus, Web of Science, APA, and PubMed, included field or laboratory studies assessing systems enabling local acoustic control in settings that are relevant for office environments. Review papers, medical device studies, and reports without insights on occupant impact were excluded. Thirty-eight studies were selected, covering active and passive systems, building-attached, furniture-integrated, and wearable devices. The qualitative analysis highlighted potential positive effects in challenging acoustic environments, including reduced annoyance, improved work performance, masking or cancellation of intrusive noises, and enhancements in short-term memory, among other benefits, despite existing technological and methodological limitations. The evidence collected is constrained by the limited number of identified studies and methodological gaps stemming from the relatively wide focus of the studies where such devices were investigated. The definition of Acoustic PECS provides a foundation for future research, guiding the development of these systems and fostering high-quality and consistent evidence of their impacts. article_number: '113243' author: - first_name: Simone full_name: Torresin, Simone last_name: Torresin - first_name: Larissa Pereira full_name: de Souza, Larissa Pereira last_name: de Souza - first_name: Seda Yuksel full_name: Dicle, Seda Yuksel last_name: Dicle - first_name: Douaa full_name: Al-Assaad, Douaa last_name: Al-Assaad - first_name: Francesco full_name: Aletta, Francesco last_name: Aletta - first_name: Alvaro full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro id: '74171' last_name: Balderrama orcid: 0000-0002-4118-2838 - first_name: Mariya P. full_name: Bivolarova, Mariya P. last_name: Bivolarova - first_name: Pyoung-Jik full_name: Lee, Pyoung-Jik last_name: Lee - first_name: Josep full_name: Llorca-Bofí, Josep last_name: Llorca-Bofí - first_name: Henna full_name: Maula, Henna last_name: Maula - first_name: Alessandra Luna full_name: Navarro, Alessandra Luna last_name: Navarro - first_name: Ilaria full_name: Pigliautile, Ilaria last_name: Pigliautile - first_name: Anna Laura full_name: Pisello, Anna Laura last_name: Pisello - first_name: Zhibin full_name: Wu, Zhibin last_name: Wu citation: ama: 'Torresin S, de Souza LP, Dicle SY, et al. Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review. Building and environment : the international journal of building science and its applications. 2025;282. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243' apa: 'Torresin, S., de Souza, L. P., Dicle, S. Y., Al-Assaad, D., Aletta, F., Balderrama, A., Bivolarova, M. P., Lee, P.-J., Llorca-Bofí, J., Maula, H., Navarro, A. L., Pigliautile, I., Pisello, A. L., & Wu, Z. (2025). Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review. Building and Environment : The International Journal of Building Science and Its Applications, 282, Article 113243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243' bjps: 'Torresin S et al. (2025) Definition and Performance of Acoustic Personalised Environmental Control Systems (Acoustic PECS): A Systematic Review. Building and environment : the international journal of building science and its applications 282.' chicago: 'Torresin, Simone, Larissa Pereira de Souza, Seda Yuksel Dicle, Douaa Al-Assaad, Francesco Aletta, Alvaro Balderrama, Mariya P. Bivolarova, et al. “Definition and Performance of Acoustic Personalised Environmental Control Systems (Acoustic PECS): A Systematic Review.” Building and Environment : The International Journal of Building Science and Its Applications 282 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243.' chicago-de: 'Torresin, Simone, Larissa Pereira de Souza, Seda Yuksel Dicle, Douaa Al-Assaad, Francesco Aletta, Alvaro Balderrama, Mariya P. Bivolarova, u. a. 2025. Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review. Building and environment : the international journal of building science and its applications 282. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243, .' din1505-2-1: 'Torresin, Simone ; de Souza, Larissa Pereira ; Dicle, Seda Yuksel ; Al-Assaad, Douaa ; Aletta, Francesco ; Balderrama, Alvaro ; Bivolarova, Mariya P. ; Lee, Pyoung-Jik ; u. a.: Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review. In: Building and environment : the international journal of building science and its applications Bd. 282. Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2025)' havard: 'S. Torresin, L.P. de Souza, S.Y. Dicle, D. Al-Assaad, F. Aletta, A. Balderrama, M.P. Bivolarova, P.-J. Lee, J. Llorca-Bofí, H. Maula, A.L. Navarro, I. Pigliautile, A.L. Pisello, Z. Wu, Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review, Building and Environment : The International Journal of Building Science and Its Applications. 282 (2025).' ieee: 'S. Torresin et al., “Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review,” Building and environment : the international journal of building science and its applications, vol. 282, Art. no. 113243, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243.' mla: 'Torresin, Simone, et al. “Definition and Performance of Acoustic Personalised Environmental Control Systems (Acoustic PECS): A Systematic Review.” Building and Environment : The International Journal of Building Science and Its Applications, vol. 282, 113243, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243.' short: 'S. Torresin, L.P. de Souza, S.Y. Dicle, D. Al-Assaad, F. Aletta, A. Balderrama, M.P. Bivolarova, P.-J. Lee, J. Llorca-Bofí, H. Maula, A.L. Navarro, I. Pigliautile, A.L. Pisello, Z. Wu, Building and Environment : The International Journal of Building Science and Its Applications 282 (2025).' ufg: 'Torresin, Simone u. a.: Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review, in: Building and environment : the international journal of building science and its applications 282 (2025).' van: 'Torresin S, de Souza LP, Dicle SY, Al-Assaad D, Aletta F, Balderrama A, et al. Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review. Building and environment : the international journal of building science and its applications. 2025;282.' date_created: 2026-09-30T10:13:09Z date_updated: 2026-10-01T14:35:36Z department: - _id: DEP1634 doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243 intvolume: ' 282' keyword: - PECS - Personalized environmental control systems - Acoustic coustic PECS - Acoustic comfort - Indoor Environmental Quality - Headphones language: - iso: eng place: Amsterdam [u.a.] publication: 'Building and environment : the international journal of building science and its applications' publication_identifier: eissn: - 1873-684X issn: - 0360-1323 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier BV quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review' type: scientific_journal_article user_id: '83781' volume: 282 year: '2025' ... --- _id: '10216' abstract: - lang: eng text: Wet granulation is a frequent process in the pharmaceutical industry. As a starting point for numerous dosage forms, the quality of the granulation not only affects subsequent production steps but also impacts the quality of the final product. It is thus crucial and economical to monitor this operation thoroughly. Here, we report on identifying different phases of a granulation process using a machine learning approach. The phases reflect the water content which, in turn, influences the processability and quality of the granule mass. We used two kinds of microphones and an acceleration sensor to capture acoustic emissions and vibrations. We trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify the different phases using transformed sound recordings as the input. We achieved a classification accuracy of up to 90% using vibrational data and an accuracy of up to 97% using the audible microphone data. Our results indicate the suitability of using audible sound and machine learning to monitor pharmaceutical processes. Moreover, since recording acoustic emissions is contactless, it readily complies with legal regulations and presents Good Manufacturing Practices. article_number: '2153' author: - first_name: Ruwen full_name: Fulek, Ruwen id: '79527' last_name: Fulek - first_name: Selina full_name: Ramm, Selina id: '68713' last_name: Ramm orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-8032 - first_name: Christian full_name: Kiera, Christian last_name: Kiera - first_name: Miriam full_name: Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam id: '64952' last_name: Pein-Hackelbusch orcid: 0000-0002-7920-0595 - first_name: Ulrich full_name: Odefey, Ulrich id: '74218' last_name: Odefey citation: ama: Fulek R, Ramm S, Kiera C, Pein-Hackelbusch M, Odefey U. A machine learning approach to qualitatively evaluate different granulation phases by acoustic emissions. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(8). doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082153 apa: Fulek, R., Ramm, S., Kiera, C., Pein-Hackelbusch, M., & Odefey, U. (2023). A machine learning approach to qualitatively evaluate different granulation phases by acoustic emissions. Pharmaceutics, 15(8), Article 2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082153 bjps: Fulek R et al. (2023) A Machine Learning Approach to Qualitatively Evaluate Different Granulation Phases by Acoustic Emissions. Pharmaceutics 15. chicago: Fulek, Ruwen, Selina Ramm, Christian Kiera, Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch, and Ulrich Odefey. “A Machine Learning Approach to Qualitatively Evaluate Different Granulation Phases by Acoustic Emissions.” Pharmaceutics 15, no. 8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082153. chicago-de: Fulek, Ruwen, Selina Ramm, Christian Kiera, Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch und Ulrich Odefey. 2023. A machine learning approach to qualitatively evaluate different granulation phases by acoustic emissions. Pharmaceutics 15, Nr. 8. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082153, . din1505-2-1: 'Fulek, Ruwen ; Ramm, Selina ; Kiera, Christian ; Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam ; Odefey, Ulrich: A machine learning approach to qualitatively evaluate different granulation phases by acoustic emissions. In: Pharmaceutics Bd. 15. Basel, MDPI (2023), Nr. 8' havard: R. Fulek, S. Ramm, C. Kiera, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, U. Odefey, A machine learning approach to qualitatively evaluate different granulation phases by acoustic emissions, Pharmaceutics. 15 (2023). ieee: 'R. Fulek, S. Ramm, C. Kiera, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, and U. Odefey, “A machine learning approach to qualitatively evaluate different granulation phases by acoustic emissions,” Pharmaceutics, vol. 15, no. 8, Art. no. 2153, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082153.' mla: Fulek, Ruwen, et al. “A Machine Learning Approach to Qualitatively Evaluate Different Granulation Phases by Acoustic Emissions.” Pharmaceutics, vol. 15, no. 8, 2153, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082153. short: R. Fulek, S. Ramm, C. Kiera, M. Pein-Hackelbusch, U. Odefey, Pharmaceutics 15 (2023). ufg: 'Fulek, Ruwen u. a.: A machine learning approach to qualitatively evaluate different granulation phases by acoustic emissions, in: Pharmaceutics 15 (2023), H. 8.' van: Fulek R, Ramm S, Kiera C, Pein-Hackelbusch M, Odefey U. A machine learning approach to qualitatively evaluate different granulation phases by acoustic emissions. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(8). date_created: 2023-08-15T10:48:15Z date_updated: 2025-07-29T13:21:40Z department: - _id: DEP4022 - _id: DEP4028 - _id: DEP4014 doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082153 external_id: isi: - '001119084200001' pmid: - '37631367' intvolume: ' 15' isi: '1' issue: '8' keyword: - wet granulation - acoustic classification - machine learning - convolutional neural networks language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/8/2153 oa: '1' place: Basel pmid: '1' publication: Pharmaceutics publication_identifier: eissn: - '1999-4923 ' publication_status: published publisher: MDPI quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: A machine learning approach to qualitatively evaluate different granulation phases by acoustic emissions type: scientific_journal_article user_id: '83781' volume: 15 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '8881' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Façades cover a significant amount of surfaces in cities and are in constant interaction with the acoustic environment. Noise pollution is one of the most concerning burdens for public health and wellbeing; however, façade acoustic performance is generally not considered in outdoor spaces, in contrast to indoor spaces. This study presents a systematic literature review examining 40 peer-reviewed papers regarding the effects of façades on the urban acoustic environment and the soundscape. Façades affect sound pressure levels and reverberation time in urban spaces and can affect people’s perception of the acoustic environment. The effects are classified into three groups: Effects of façades on the urban acoustic environment, including sound-reflecting, sound-absorbing and sound-producing effects; Effects of façades on the urban soundscape, including auditory and non-auditory effects; Effects of the context on the acoustic environment around façades, including boundary effects and atmospheric effects.\r\n" article_number: '9670' author: - first_name: Alvaro full_name: Balderrama, Alvaro id: '74171' last_name: Balderrama orcid: 0000-0002-4118-2838 - first_name: Jian full_name: Kang, Jian last_name: Kang - first_name: Alejandro full_name: Prieto, Alejandro last_name: Prieto - first_name: Alessandra full_name: Luna-Navarro, Alessandra last_name: Luna-Navarro - first_name: Daniel full_name: Arztmann, Daniel id: '58805' last_name: Arztmann - first_name: Ulrich full_name: Knaack, Ulrich id: '27160' last_name: Knaack citation: ama: 'Balderrama A, Kang J, Prieto A, Luna-Navarro A, Arztmann D, Knaack U. Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review. Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). 2022;15(14). doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159670' apa: 'Balderrama, A., Kang, J., Prieto, A., Luna-Navarro, A., Arztmann, D., & Knaack, U. (2022). Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review. Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 15(14), Article 9670. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159670' bjps: 'Balderrama A et al. (2022) Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review. Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 15.' chicago: 'Balderrama, Alvaro, Jian Kang, Alejandro Prieto, Alessandra Luna-Navarro, Daniel Arztmann, and Ulrich Knaack. “Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review.” Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 15, no. 14 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159670.' chicago-de: 'Balderrama, Alvaro, Jian Kang, Alejandro Prieto, Alessandra Luna-Navarro, Daniel Arztmann und Ulrich Knaack. 2022. Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review. Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 15, Nr. 14. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159670, .' din1505-2-1: 'Balderrama, Alvaro ; Kang, Jian ; Prieto, Alejandro ; Luna-Navarro, Alessandra ; Arztmann, Daniel ; Knaack, Ulrich: Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review. In: Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) Bd. 15. Basel, mdpi (2022), Nr. 14' havard: 'A. Balderrama, J. Kang, A. Prieto, A. Luna-Navarro, D. Arztmann, U. Knaack, Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review, Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). 15 (2022).' ieee: 'A. Balderrama, J. Kang, A. Prieto, A. Luna-Navarro, D. Arztmann, and U. Knaack, “Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review,” Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), vol. 15, no. 14, Art. no. 9670, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159670.' mla: 'Balderrama, Alvaro, et al. “Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review.” Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), vol. 15, no. 14, 9670, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159670.' short: A. Balderrama, J. Kang, A. Prieto, A. Luna-Navarro, D. Arztmann, U. Knaack, Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 15 (2022). ufg: 'Balderrama, Alvaro u. a.: Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review, in: Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 15 (2022), H. 14.' van: 'Balderrama A, Kang J, Prieto A, Luna-Navarro A, Arztmann D, Knaack U. Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review. Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). 2022;15(14).' date_created: 2022-09-02T13:09:59Z date_updated: 2024-08-06T12:04:03Z department: - _id: DEP1034 doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159670 intvolume: ' 15' issue: '14' keyword: - façade - building envelope - acoustics - acoustic environment - soundscape - urban comfort language: - iso: eng place: Basel publication: Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) publication_identifier: issn: - '2071-1050 ' publication_status: published publisher: mdpi quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review' type: scientific_journal_article user_id: '83781' volume: 15 year: '2022' ...