[{"_id":"11330","user_id":"83781","publication":"2024 IEEE 29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","author":[{"full_name":"Meyer, Frederic","id":"70963","last_name":"Meyer","first_name":"Frederic"},{"last_name":"Freitag","first_name":"Lennart","id":"73431","full_name":"Freitag, Lennart"},{"id":"49010","first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Hinrichsen","full_name":"Hinrichsen, Sven"},{"id":"10876","first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Niggemann","full_name":"Niggemann, Oliver"}],"date_created":"2024-04-12T07:06:41Z","year":"2024","title":"Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions","type":"conference_editor_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"With the increasing complexity in manual assembly and a demographic decline in skilled workforce, the importance of well-documented processes through assembly instructions has grown. Creating these instructions is a time-consuming and knowledge-intensive task that typically relies on experienced employees. Although various automation solutions have been proposed to assist in generating assembly instructions, they often fall short in providing detailed textual guidance. With the rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI), new potentials arise in this domain. Therefore, this paper explores these potentials by employing various large language models (LLMs), prompting techniques and input data in an experimental setup for generating detailed assembly instructions, including the planning of assembly sequences as well as textual guidance on tools, assembly activities, and quality assurance measures. The findings reveal promising opportunities in leveraging LLMs but also substantial challenges, particularly in assembly sequence planning. To improve the reliability of generating assembly instructions, we propose a multi-agent concept that decomposes the complex task into simpler subtasks, each managed by specialized agents."}],"keyword":["assembly instruction","GPT","large language model","LLM","prompt"],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["979-8-3503-6123-0"],"eisbn":["979-8-3503-6122-3"]},"citation":{"mla":"Meyer, Frederic, et al. “Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions.” <i>2024 IEEE 29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>, edited by IEEE, vol. 78, IEEE, 2024, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806</a>.","chicago-de":"Meyer, Frederic, Lennart Freitag, Sven Hinrichsen und Oliver Niggemann. 2024. <i>Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions</i>. Hg. von IEEE. <i>2024 IEEE 29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>. Bd. 78. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806</a>, .","short":"F. Meyer, L. Freitag, S. Hinrichsen, O. Niggemann, Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2024.","van":"Meyer F, Freitag L, Hinrichsen S, Niggemann O. Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions. IEEE, editor. Vol. 78, 2024 IEEE 29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2024.","ieee":"F. Meyer, L. Freitag, S. Hinrichsen, and O. Niggemann, <i>Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions</i>, vol. 78. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2024. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806</a>.","bjps":"<b>Meyer F <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) <i>Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions</i>, IEEE (ed.). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.","ufg":"<b>Meyer, Frederic u. a.</b>: Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions, Bd. 78, hg. von IEEE, Piscataway, NJ 2024.","apa":"Meyer, F., Freitag, L., Hinrichsen, S., &#38; Niggemann, O. (2024). Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions. In IEEE (Ed.), <i>2024 IEEE 29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i> (Vol. 78). IEEE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806</a>","havard":"F. Meyer, L. Freitag, S. Hinrichsen, O. Niggemann, Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2024.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Meyer, Frederic</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Freitag, Lennart</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hinrichsen, Sven</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Niggemann, Oliver</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">IEEE</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions</i>. Bd. 78. Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2024","chicago":"Meyer, Frederic, Lennart Freitag, Sven Hinrichsen, and Oliver Niggemann. <i>Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions</i>. Edited by IEEE. <i>2024 IEEE 29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</i>. Vol. 78. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806</a>.","ama":"Meyer F, Freitag L, Hinrichsen S, Niggemann O. <i>Potentials of Large Language Models for Generating Assembly Instructions</i>. Vol 78. (IEEE, ed.). IEEE; 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806</a>"},"conference":{"name":"29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","end_date":"2024-09-13","location":"Padova, Italy","start_date":"2024-09-10"},"volume":78,"place":"Piscataway, NJ","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        78","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2024-10-22T07:28:35Z","publisher":"IEEE","corporate_editor":["IEEE"],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"DEP7020"},{"_id":"DEP1305"}],"status":"public","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710806"},{"user_id":"83780","_id":"10782","date_created":"2023-11-16T11:57:57Z","publication":"Human Interaction & Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023): Artificial Intelligence & Future Applications","author":[{"last_name":"Meyer","first_name":"Frederic","id":"71656","full_name":"Meyer, Frederic"},{"first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Hinrichsen","id":"49010","full_name":"Hinrichsen, Sven"},{"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Niggemann","id":"10876","full_name":"Niggemann, Oliver"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"year":"2023","title":"How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2771-0718"]},"citation":{"mla":"Meyer, Frederic, et al. “How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation.” <i>Human Interaction &#38; Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023): Artificial Intelligence &#38; Future Applications</i>, vol. 111, AHFE International, 2023, pp. 629–38, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004070\">https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004070</a>.","chicago-de":"Meyer, Frederic, Sven Hinrichsen und Oliver Niggemann. 2023. <i>How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation</i>. <i>Human Interaction &#38; Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023): Artificial Intelligence &#38; Future Applications</i>. Bd. 111. Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023). AHFE International. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004070\">10.54941/ahfe1004070</a>, .","short":"F. Meyer, S. Hinrichsen, O. Niggemann, How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation, AHFE International, 2023.","van":"Meyer F, Hinrichsen S, Niggemann O. How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation. Human Interaction &#38; Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023): Artificial Intelligence &#38; Future Applications. AHFE International; 2023. (Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023); vol. 111).","ieee":"F. Meyer, S. Hinrichsen, and O. Niggemann, <i>How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation</i>, vol. 111. AHFE International, 2023, pp. 629–638. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004070\">10.54941/ahfe1004070</a>.","bjps":"<b>Meyer F, Hinrichsen S and Niggemann O</b> (2023) <i>How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation</i>. AHFE International.","ufg":"<b>Meyer, Frederic/Hinrichsen, Sven/Niggemann, Oliver</b>: How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation, Bd. 111, o. O. 2023 (Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023)).","apa":"Meyer, F., Hinrichsen, S., &#38; Niggemann, O. (2023). How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation. In <i>Human Interaction &#38; Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023): Artificial Intelligence &#38; Future Applications</i> (Vol. 111, pp. 629–638). AHFE International. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004070\">https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004070</a>","havard":"F. Meyer, S. Hinrichsen, O. Niggemann, How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation, AHFE International, 2023.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Meyer, Frederic</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hinrichsen, Sven</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Niggemann, Oliver</span>: <i>How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation</i>, <i>Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023)</i>. Bd. 111 : AHFE International, 2023","chicago":"Meyer, Frederic, Sven Hinrichsen, and Oliver Niggemann. <i>How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation</i>. <i>Human Interaction &#38; Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023): Artificial Intelligence &#38; Future Applications</i>. Vol. 111. Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023). AHFE International, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004070\">https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004070</a>.","ama":"Meyer F, Hinrichsen S, Niggemann O. <i>How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation</i>. Vol 111. AHFE International; 2023:629-638. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004070\">10.54941/ahfe1004070</a>"},"conference":{"name":"IHIET 2023","location":"NIzza","end_date":"2023-08-24","start_date":"2023-08-22"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"With the trend towards shorter product lifecycles, smaller batch sizes, and more product variants, the complexity of manual assembly activities is increasing. To support employees in carrying out complex assembly tasks, the use of assembly instructions is indispensable to ensure high process capability and work productivity. However, the creation of assembly instructions is often time-consuming. Thus, the use of automation approaches can be a way to simplify the creation of assembly instructions. Therefore, this paper introduces a promising automation concept for applying robotic process automation (RPA) to generate assembly instructions automatically. Finally, the automation concept is demonstrated in a practical use case that illustrates the associated automation potential of RPA."}],"type":"conference_editor_article","keyword":["Digital Assembly Instruction","Industrial Engineering","Manual Assembly","Robotic Process Automation","RPA","Work Instruction"],"page":"629-638","intvolume":"       111","volume":111,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2023-11-16T11:58:05Z","publisher":"AHFE International","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"DEP7020"},{"_id":"DEP1305"}],"oa":"1","series_title":"Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023)","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004070"},{"status":"public","department":[{"_id":"DEP7020"},{"_id":"DEP1305"}],"editor":[{"full_name":"Ahram, Tareq ","first_name":"Tareq ","last_name":"Ahram"},{"full_name":"Taiar, Redha ","first_name":"Redha ","last_name":"Taiar"}],"oa":"1","series_title":"AHFE International","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100838","intvolume":"        23","volume":23,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"AHFE Open Access","date_updated":"2024-08-08T14:01:39Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"year":"2022","title":"How to Design Assembly Instructions","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["978-1-7923-8989-4"]},"conference":{"end_date":"2022-04-23","location":"Lausanne","name":"7th International Conference on Human Interaction & Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022): Artificial Intelligence & Future Applications","start_date":"2022-04-21"},"citation":{"chicago-de":"Hinrichsen, Sven und Dominic Bläsing. 2022. <i>How to Design Assembly Instructions</i>. Hg. von Tareq  Ahram und Redha  Taiar. <i>Human Interaction &#38; Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022): Artificial Intelligence &#38; Future Applications </i>. Bd. 23. AHFE International. AHFE Open Access. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100838\">10.54941/ahfe100838</a>, .","short":"S. Hinrichsen, D. Bläsing, How to Design Assembly Instructions, AHFE Open Access, 2022.","van":"Hinrichsen S, Bläsing D. How to Design Assembly Instructions. Ahram T, Taiar R, editors. Human Interaction &#38; Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022): Artificial Intelligence &#38; Future Applications . AHFE Open Access; 2022. (AHFE International; vol. 23).","mla":"Hinrichsen, Sven, and Dominic Bläsing. “How to Design Assembly Instructions.” <i>Human Interaction &#38; Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022): Artificial Intelligence &#38; Future Applications </i>, edited by Tareq  Ahram and Redha  Taiar, vol. 23, AHFE Open Access, 2022, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100838\">https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100838</a>.","havard":"S. Hinrichsen, D. Bläsing, How to Design Assembly Instructions, AHFE Open Access, 2022.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hinrichsen, Sven</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Bläsing, Dominic</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Ahram, T.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Taiar, R.</span> (Hrsg.): <i>How to Design Assembly Instructions</i>, <i>AHFE International</i>. Bd. 23 : AHFE Open Access, 2022","apa":"Hinrichsen, S., &#38; Bläsing, D. (2022). How to Design Assembly Instructions. In T. Ahram &#38; R. Taiar (Eds.), <i>Human Interaction &#38; Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022): Artificial Intelligence &#38; Future Applications </i> (Vol. 23). AHFE Open Access. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100838\">https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100838</a>","ama":"Hinrichsen S, Bläsing D. <i>How to Design Assembly Instructions</i>. Vol 23. (Ahram T, Taiar R, eds.). AHFE Open Access; 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100838\">10.54941/ahfe100838</a>","chicago":"Hinrichsen, Sven, and Dominic Bläsing. <i>How to Design Assembly Instructions</i>. Edited by Tareq  Ahram and Redha  Taiar. <i>Human Interaction &#38; Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022): Artificial Intelligence &#38; Future Applications </i>. Vol. 23. AHFE International. AHFE Open Access, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100838\">https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100838</a>.","bjps":"<b>Hinrichsen S and Bläsing D</b> (2022) <i>How to Design Assembly Instructions</i>, Ahram T and Taiar R (eds). AHFE Open Access.","ieee":"S. Hinrichsen and D. Bläsing, <i>How to Design Assembly Instructions</i>, vol. 23. AHFE Open Access, 2022. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100838\">10.54941/ahfe100838</a>.","ufg":"<b>Hinrichsen, Sven/Bläsing, Dominic</b>: How to Design Assembly Instructions, Bd. 23, hg. von Ahram, Tareq/Taiar, Redha, o. O. 2022 (AHFE International)."},"type":"conference_editor_article","abstract":[{"text":"Employees in mixed-model assembly perform much informational work by constantly making decisions about the part to be assembled, the tool to be used or the working method to be applied. The proportion of informational work in manual assembly is likely to increase, since more and more products are configured according to customer demands and additional functions are integrated. Whereas assembly has so far been understood primarily as energetic work, the informational aspects of assembly work will have to be considered to a greater extent in the future. Assembly system design is thus more and more a domain of cognitive ergonomics, whereas in the past the focus was on biomechanical aspects. Taking this into consideration, the design of assembly instructions in line with individual requirements is becoming increasingly important. This article therefore discusses important design principles of such instructions.","lang":"eng"}],"keyword":["Assembly Instruction","Compatibility","Assistance System Manual Assembly","Information Management"],"user_id":"83781","_id":"7739","date_created":"2022-04-22T14:05:18Z","publication":"Human Interaction & Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022): Artificial Intelligence & Future Applications ","author":[{"id":"49010","last_name":"Hinrichsen","first_name":"Sven","full_name":"Hinrichsen, Sven"},{"first_name":"Dominic","last_name":"Bläsing","full_name":"Bläsing, Dominic"}]}]