@misc{11972, abstract = {{As companies increasingly adopt software applications to improve business efficiency, often digitization gaps arise when legacy systems fail to integrate with new applications. These gaps often result in redundant task execution across incompatible systems. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) emerges as a solution by automating such tasks. However, selecting the right processes that will be subjected to RPA is crucial to avoid failures and resource waste. Therefore, this paper introduces a four-stage method to evaluate processes for RPA suitability, grounded on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). By systematically analyzing scientific literature and incorporating weights from RPA experts, this paper sheds light on the complex nature of process selection criteria for RPA. Tested in a company, the method facilitates the process selection, indicating its practical applicability.}}, author = {{Meyer, Frederic and Hinrichsen, Sven and Padoano, Elio}}, booktitle = {{Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED2024): Future Trends and Applications}}, editor = {{Ahram, Tareq and Karwowski, Waldemar and Etinger, Darko and Mijač, Tea }}, isbn = {{978-1-964867-34-2}}, issn = {{2771-0718}}, keywords = {{Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Evaluation Method, MCDM, Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Selection Criteria, Systematic Literature Review (SLR)}}, location = {{Split}}, publisher = {{AHFE International}}, title = {{{A Structured Method for the Selection of Business Processes Suitable for Robotic Process Automation}}}, doi = {{10.54941/ahfe1005524}}, volume = {{158}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12831, abstract = {{The overall Industry 4.0 developments and the highly dynamic threat landscape enhance the need for continuous security engineering of industrial components, modules, and systems. Security risk assessments play a major role to ensure a secure operation of Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACSs) but are mostly neglected due to missing resources and a lack of human experts for the sophisticated manual tasks. Therefore, a method for information and process modelling regarding the automation of security risk assessments has been previously designed, but not yet evaluated. This work in progress begins the evaluation of the automated security risk assessment concept by investigating the related work and identifying the main deficits. The results include a requirements analysis for the verification and an outlook towards future evaluation aspects.}}, author = {{Ehrlich, Marco and Lukas, Georg and Trsek, Henning and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Kastner, Wolfgang and Diedrich, Christian}}, booktitle = {{2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)}}, isbn = {{979-8-3503-1935-4}}, issn = {{2835-8511}}, keywords = {{Industry 4.0, Security, Risk Assessment, Automation, Requirements, Evaluation, Verification}}, location = {{Toulouse, FRANCE}}, pages = {{180--183}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Requirements Analysis for the Evaluation of Automated Security Risk Assessments}}}, doi = {{10.1109/wfcs60972.2024.10540830}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{10782, abstract = {{With the trend towards shorter product lifecycles, smaller batch sizes, and more product variants, the complexity of manual assembly activities is increasing. To support employees in carrying out complex assembly tasks, the use of assembly instructions is indispensable to ensure high process capability and work productivity. However, the creation of assembly instructions is often time-consuming. Thus, the use of automation approaches can be a way to simplify the creation of assembly instructions. Therefore, this paper introduces a promising automation concept for applying robotic process automation (RPA) to generate assembly instructions automatically. Finally, the automation concept is demonstrated in a practical use case that illustrates the associated automation potential of RPA.}}, author = {{Meyer, Frederic and Hinrichsen, Sven and Niggemann, Oliver}}, booktitle = {{Human Interaction & Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023): Artificial Intelligence & Future Applications}}, issn = {{2771-0718}}, keywords = {{Digital Assembly Instruction, Industrial Engineering, Manual Assembly, Robotic Process Automation, RPA, Work Instruction}}, location = {{NIzza}}, pages = {{629--638}}, publisher = {{AHFE International}}, title = {{{How to Generate Assembly Instructions with Robotic Process Automation}}}, doi = {{10.54941/ahfe1004070}}, volume = {{111}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{10935, abstract = {{One of the challenges in universities is to take into account the different competences of students throughout the process of imparting knowledge. It is unlikely that all students will grasp the course content in the same way, as they have different abilities. Similarly, it is unrealistic for teachers to address all the individual needs of each student at all times. In addition, maintaining learners' attention to a particular topic is also an essential part of teaching. To overcome these challenges, we are developing AI learning software as part of a research project. The software generates learning scenarios for the students and takes their individual competences into account. The research project focuses on the field of automation technology, especially on programming, as programming skills are usually required in automation environments. When solving the scenarios, students receive immediate feedback on how well they have solved the task. Immediate automated feedback not only meets the students' expectations of quick learning feedback, but it also relieves the teaching staff in the assessment process. In addition, the software includes an interactive user interface that allows learners to see the results of their programming tasks in a simulated 3D environment. This approach aims to maintain learners' attention over a longer learning period. This paper describes the above aspects that are being developed in the research project and previews the new learning opportunities that could arise from the use of AI.}}, author = {{Ali, Asmar and Deuter, Andreas}}, booktitle = {{Journal of international scientific publications / Science & Education Foundation : Educational Alternatives }}, issn = {{1313-2571}}, keywords = {{ai education, automated feedback, automation education, educational software, programming}}, location = {{Burgas}}, pages = {{12--20}}, publisher = {{Info Invest }}, title = {{{An AI Assistant for Education in Automation}}}, doi = {{10.62991/EA1996108906}}, volume = {{21}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{12875, abstract = {{Manufacturing systems based on Industry 4.0 concepts provide a greater availability of data and have modular characteristics enabling frequent changes. This raises the need for new security engineering concepts that cover the increasing complexity and frequency of mandatory security risk assessments. In contrast, the current standardization landscape used for the assessment of these systems only offers abstract, static, manual, and resource-intensive procedures. Therefore, this work proposes a method that further specifies the IEC 62443 aiming to automate the security risk assessments in such a way that manual efforts can be reduced and a consistent quality can be achieved. The methodology is presented using network segmentation as a guiding example and consists of four main steps: Information collection based on a process analysis, information formalisation with a semi-formal model, information usage applying first order logic to extract expert knowledge, and information access using the concept of the digital twin. In addition, the applicability of the IEC 62443 standard to the risk assessment of modular manufacturing systems is evaluated.}}, author = {{Ehrlich, Marco and Bröring, Andre and Diedrich, Christian and Jasperneite, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Automatisierungstechnik : AT }}, issn = {{2196-677X}}, keywords = {{sasset administration shell, automation, information model, modular manufacturing system, risk assessment, security}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{453--466}}, publisher = {{Walter de Gruyter GmbH}}, title = {{{Towards automated risk assessments for modular manufacturing systems}}}, doi = {{10.1515/auto-2022-0098}}, volume = {{71}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{13010, abstract = {{Especially in highly interdisciplinary fields such as automation engineering, contemporary programming education with tailored assignments and individual feedback is a major challenge for educational institutions due to the increasing number of students per teacher and the ever-increasing demand for computer science professionals. To address this gap, we present ”KIAAA” an AI Assistant for Automation Engineering Teaching, a work-in-progress approach for an integrated, customized, and AI-based learning support system for automation and programming courses based on instructor-defined course objectives. Thereby in the KIAAA system, the individual knowledge level of the students is determined and individually tailored virtual learning scenarios are generated based on the knowledge and learning profile of the students. These are iteratively adapted based on the answers given. To achieve this, KIAAA uses several AI components, a hybrid rule-based scenario generation component, a Help-DKT-based cognitive model, and a solution assessor that uses a combination of traditional code analysis methods and AI-based analyses methods for automated programming task assessment. These components are the main parts of KIAAA to generate customized programming scenarios as well as visualization and simulation based on a modern game and physics engine.}}, author = {{Eilermann, Sebastian and Wehmeier, Leon and Niggemann, Oliver and Deuter, Andreas}}, booktitle = {{2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)}}, editor = {{Jasperneite, Jürgen}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-9314-7}}, keywords = {{Visualization, Automation, Education, Games, Hybrid power systems, Task analysis, Artificial intelligence}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{KIAAA: An AI Assistant for Teaching Programming in the Field of Automation}}}, doi = {{10.1109/indin51400.2023.10218157}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{6932, abstract = {{n order to ensure the safety and security of industrial systems with regard to all life cycle phases from development through operation to disposal, specific regulatory and normative requirements are imposed. Due to the digitalization, interconnection, and constantly increasing complexity of manufacturing systems in the context of Industrie 4.0, the manual effort necessary to achieve the required safety and security is becoming ever greater and almost impossible to manage, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, this paper examines the existing challenges in this area in more detail and gives an outlook on the possible solutions to ensure safety and security much quicker and with less manual effort. The overall vision is a (partially) automated risk assessment of modular systems with respect to safety and security, including the alignment of the corresponding processes from both domains and the formalization of the information models needed.}}, author = {{Ehrlich, Marco and Bröring, Andre and Harder, Dimitri and Auhagen-Meyer, Torben and Kleen, Philip and Wisniewski, Lukasz and Trsek, Henning and Jasperneite, Jürgen}}, issn = {{1613-7620}}, journal = {{Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik : e & i}}, keywords = {{safety, security, alignment, automation, processes, models}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{454--461}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Alignment of safety and security risk assessments for modular production systems}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00502-021-00927-9}}, volume = {{138}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{11147, abstract = {{The current developments towards the visions of Industrie 4.0 will create open and dynamic architectures being supervised by Industrial Automation and Control Systems. Due to this new connectivity and flexibility, future industrial production systems need to be inspected during all phases of the whole lifecycle from a security point of view as well. Frequent reconfiguration and adaptation based on smart services impose advanced requirements on the audits and certification with regard to security. To facilitate that, this work presents an approach for the modeling of security requirements and capabilities within the Industrial Reference Architecture and evaluates it based on the concrete system architectures of a number of industrial use cases. The result is the Sec4ICS tooling-based concept for the automated assessment of security-related functionalities within industrial systems.}}, author = {{Ehrlich, Marco and Gergeleit, Martin and Trsek, Henning and Lukas, Georg}}, booktitle = {{25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}}, isbn = {{978-1-7281-8957-4}}, issn = {{1946-0759}}, keywords = {{Security, Automation, OT, Sec4ICS, iRefA}}, location = {{Wien}}, pages = {{1640--1647}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Towards Automated Security Evaluation within the Industrial Reference Architecture}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ETFA46521.2020.9211883}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{4756, abstract = {{Due to the dynamic nature of the Industrie 4.0 developments, future production systems will be reconfigured more frequently and new system configurations will be deployed automatically. In order to keep pace with this development, it will be required to observe and ensure the needed security functionalities and corresponding certifications in an automated way. This implies an improvement of today's static procedures and manual efforts as much as possible in favor of a dynamic standard establishment. Therefore, this paper evaluates the state of the art of the industrial security standardization landscape and proposes a concept for the automated support of certification processes with information from industrial communication networks in order to enhance the usability of the standards establishments and the certifications within organizations and companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises.}}, author = {{Ehrlich, Marco and Trsek, Henning and Wisniewski, Lukasz and Jasperneite, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES)}}, isbn = {{978-1-7281-4879-3}}, issn = {{1553-572X}}, keywords = {{Industrial Automation, Security, Toolchain, Standardization, Communication Networks}}, location = {{Lisbon, PORTUGAL}}, pages = {{2849--2854}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Survey of Security Standards for an automated Industrie 4.0 compatible Manufacturing}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{10169, abstract = {{The reduction of wires and connections is a fundamental necessity for upcoming industrial 4.0 solutions, requiring a large amount of reconfigurability and flexibility. Our research focuses on recent ways of combining energy and data transmission in single contactless transducers, enabling easy installation, maintenance and possible fulfilment of high protection classes. While this approach can typically be solved by combining Wifi and inductive energy transfer, the Wifi aspect is often limited by the available media access and channel occupation. Another issue is the real time capability of Wifi or other wireless transmission protocols like IEEE 802.15.4. While creating a new wireless or contactless standard is beyond the focus of this work, we concentrate on combining existing technologies and their interoperability. This includes powerline communication systems, near field data transmission and inductive energy transfer mechanisms.}}, author = {{Wesemann, Derk and Witte, Stefan and Schmelter, Andreas and Heß, Roland}}, booktitle = {{Communication in automation : 2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)$dMay 3-6, 2016, Aveiro, Portugal}}, isbn = {{ 978-1-5090-2339-4 }}, keywords = {{Automation, Industry 4.0, Contactless Data Transmission, Contactless Energy Transmission, Wireless Communication}}, location = {{Aveiro, Portugal}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Flexible factory automation: Potentials of contactless transmission systems, combining state-of-the-art technologies}}}, doi = {{10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496533}}, year = {{2016}}, } @phdthesis{11142, abstract = {{This dissertation proposes and investigates an isochronous wireless network for industrial control applications with guaranteed latencies and jitter. Based on a requirements analysis of real industrial applications and the characterisation of the wireless channel, the solution approach is developed. It consists of a TDMA-based medium access control, a dynamic resource allocation and the provision of a global time base for the wired and the wireless network. Due to the global time base, the solution approach allows a seamless and synchronous integration into existing wired Real-time Ethernet systems.}}, author = {{Trsek, Henning}}, isbn = {{978-3-662-49157-7}}, issn = {{2522-8587}}, keywords = {{industrial wireless system, wireless real-time communication, deterministic medium access control, isochronous WLAN, industrial automation}}, publisher = {{Springer }}, title = {{{Isochronous Wireless Network for Real-time Communication in Industrial Automation}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-662-49158-4}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{668, abstract = {{Wie sehen die Fertigungssysteme von morgen aus? Und welche Art von Automation ist für deren Umsetzung nötig? Am Fraunhofer-Anwendungszentrum Industrial Automation (IOSB-INA) und dem Institut für industrielle Informationstechnik (inIT) der Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe laufen Arbeiten, um die notwendige wandlungsfähige Automation von morgen umzusetzen. In Kooperation mit dem Labor für Industrial Engineering der Hochschule OWL ist ein wandlungsfähiges Montagesystem entstanden, welches in die SmartFactoryOWL integriert wird - eine Forschungsfabrik für die intelligente Automation und Arbeitssystemgestaltung.}}, author = {{Jasperneite, Jürgen and Hinrichsen, Sven}}, journal = {{Computer & Automation}}, keywords = {{Automation, Fertigungssystem, Montage}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{30--33}}, publisher = {{WEKA-Fachmedien}}, title = {{{Das Chamäleon der Montage}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{2114, abstract = {{Since the development of the first computers (and even before), there is a steady growth of available digital data and information. E.g. estimations say that the amount of digital information will grow about 50 percent in the year 2012 compared to the year 2011. Following the rising availability of digital data, there is also an inherent need for methods to transport these data, as the data is to be used and processed at some time. Many methods and channels are available for the transportation of these digital data. This research work presents the foundation work for the new microIDENT coding (2D-code) for document authentication. As a coding for document authentication it is one objective of microIDENT, to increase the difficulty of copying a document without the destruction of the coding. The new coding requires, in comparison to other 2D-codes, less space when printed. This is achieved by omitting some of the features that are used in standard 2D-codes for stabilisation and that are necessary in a mobile environment. In addition, we will also show that this new 2D-code delivers, under certain constraints, a better performance than other 2D-codes. }}, author = {{Ehlenbröker, Jan-Friedrich and Lohweg, Volker}}, booktitle = {{BVAu 2012 - 3. Jahresolloquium "Bildverarbeitung in der Automation" Centrum Industrial IT, Lemgo,}}, isbn = {{978-3-9814062-3-8}}, keywords = {{Authentifikation, Automation, Datentransfer, Digitale Daten, Zerstörung}}, publisher = {{inIT-Institut für industrielle Informationstechnik}}, title = {{{Video-Based Data Transfer for Document Authentication}}}, year = {{2012}}, } @misc{10189, abstract = {{In diesem Dokument wird die fachliche und didaktische Vorbereitung des Themas „Automa‐tion und Ethernet ‐ Programmieren einer Bedienen‐Beobachten‐Anwendung auf Basis von Raw‐Ethernet und UDP“ vorgestellt. Die Elemente und die Funktionsweise des Demomodells einer Indust‐rieanlage werden präsentiert. Die Anwendung des Konzepts in der Praxis bei der Weidmüller Summer Academy 2009 und die erzielten Ergebnisse der Studenten werden diskutiert. Der Prototyp einer Er‐weiterung für das Feldbussystem PROFINET wird vorgestellt. }}, author = {{Söllner, Matthias and Niggemann, Eberhard and Witte, Stefan and Zimmermann, Bernhard and Schmidt , Hans-Peter Schmidt }}, booktitle = {{AALE 2010 TAGUNGSBAND 7. Fachkolloquium für Angewandte Automatisierungstechnik in Lehre und Entwicklung an Fachhochschulen Wien, 11./12. Februar 2010 Fachhochschule Technikum Wien}}, editor = {{Malisa, Viktorio }}, isbn = {{978‐3‐902759‐00‐9}}, keywords = {{Automation, Raw‐Ethernet, ARM, Realtime Linux, PROFINET, Lehre}}, location = {{Wien}}, pages = {{193--196}}, publisher = {{F-AR, Verein zur Förderung der Automation u. Robotik}}, title = {{{Demonstrationsmodell „Automation und Ethernet“}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @misc{8274, abstract = {{The need for multiple radio systems in overlapping regions of a factory plant introduces a coexistence problem. The current research challenge is to design and realize radio systems that should be able to achieve a desired quality of service (QoS) in this coexisting environment. Currently transmission resources of hyperspace are not properly exploited. The cognitive radio (CR), which can adapt to the environmental changes by reconfiguring itself, can be used to implement intelligent radio systems to exploit the orthogonal nature of multiple dimensions of hyperspace to maintain the desired QoS in coexisting factory environments. We present initial results of a coexistence optimized CR which can exploit frequency and power, which are two of several dimensions of hyperspace, to improve its QoS in coexisting environments.}}, author = {{Ahmad, Kaleem and Meier, Uwe and Pape, Andreas and Kwasnicka, Halina and Griese, Bjoern}}, booktitle = {{ 2009 6th IEEE Annual Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks Workshops}}, isbn = {{978-1-4244-3938-6}}, keywords = {{Cognitive radio, Quality of service, Space technology, Frequency, Production facilities, Chromium, Manufacturing automation, Intelligent systems, Polarization, Testing}}, location = {{Rome, Italy }}, publisher = {{IEEE }}, title = {{{A Generic Cognitive Radio for Evaluating Coexistence Optimized Industrial Automation Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/SAHCNW.2009.5172916}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4816, abstract = {{This paper presents a novel concept for personalized privacy support on large public displays in intelligent home environments. In order to validate the conceptual approach a system called SPIROS was developed. The SPIROS system automatically adapts the information visible on public displays according to the current social situation and the individual privacy preferences of the user working at the display.}}, author = {{Röcker, Carsten and Hinske, Steve and Magerkurth, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 2nd IET International Conference on Intelligent Environments : IE 06}}, isbn = {{978-0-86341-663-7}}, issn = {{0537-9989}}, keywords = {{computer displays, home automation, data privacy, user interfaces, home computing}}, location = {{Athens, Greece}}, pages = {{267--274}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{SPIROS - A System for Privacy-Enhanced Information Representation in Smart Home Environments}}}, doi = {{10.1049/cp:20060651}}, year = {{2006}}, }