---
_id: '12944'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Lyme borreliosis is a vector-borne disease in humans and animals caused by
    bacteria from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (Bbsl). The possible
    transmission of Bbsl from companion animals to humans via ticks makes this disease
    important in terms of One Health approaches. Thus, early and accurate diagnosis
    and treatment are of utmost importance. Today’s standard for the detection of
    specific antibodies against Bbsl is a two-tiered test system based on an ELISA
    for screening combined with a line immunoassay (LIA) for confirmation. In this
    study, 200 canine and 200 equine serum samples with known antibody status were
    tested with two different LIAs (A and B). Results were compared regarding sensitivity,
    specificity, the diagnostic outcome for dogs and horses, as well as operability
    of the test. The results for canine serum samples corresponded to 94.0%, making
    both LIAs a good choice for LB diagnostic in dogs. For equine serum samples, the
    agreement of both tests was 65.5%, displaying the challenge equine samples still
    provide in LB diagnostic. Major concerns were the interpretation of the OspA antigen
    (AG) signal and the use of unspecific (i.e., p100/p83) or too sensitive signals
    on the LIA. The operability of both LIAs was equally user-friendly. Regarding
    the tests’ evaluation, the scanning process provided by LIA A was a major advantage
    considering the comparability of the tests.
article_number: '633'
author:
- first_name: Sophie
  full_name: Doff, Sophie
  last_name: Doff
- first_name: Jasmin
  full_name: Wenderlein, Jasmin
  last_name: Wenderlein
- first_name: Anna
  full_name: Wiesinger, Anna
  last_name: Wiesinger
- first_name: Stephanie
  full_name: Hiereth, Stephanie
  last_name: Hiereth
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Reinhard
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard
  last_name: Straubinger
citation:
  ama: 'Doff S, Wenderlein J, Wiesinger A, Hiereth S, Ulrich S, Straubinger R. Detection
    of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu-lato-Specific Antibodies in Sera of Canine and Equine
    Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line Immunoassays. <i>Veterinary Sciences :
    open access journal</i>. 2022;9(11). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110633">10.3390/vetsci9110633</a>'
  apa: 'Doff, S., Wenderlein, J., Wiesinger, A., Hiereth, S., Ulrich, S., &#38; Straubinger,
    R. (2022). Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu-lato-Specific Antibodies in
    Sera of Canine and Equine Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line Immunoassays.
    <i>Veterinary Sciences : Open Access Journal</i>, <i>9</i>(11), Article 633. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110633">https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110633</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Doff S <i>et al.</i></b> (2022) Detection of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu-Lato-Specific
    Antibodies in Sera of Canine and Equine Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line
    Immunoassays. <i>Veterinary Sciences : open access journal</i> <b>9</b>.'
  chicago: 'Doff, Sophie, Jasmin Wenderlein, Anna Wiesinger, Stephanie Hiereth, Sebastian
    Ulrich, and Reinhard Straubinger. “Detection of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu-Lato-Specific
    Antibodies in Sera of Canine and Equine Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line
    Immunoassays.” <i>Veterinary Sciences : Open Access Journal</i> 9, no. 11 (2022).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110633">https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110633</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Doff, Sophie, Jasmin Wenderlein, Anna Wiesinger, Stephanie Hiereth,
    Sebastian Ulrich und Reinhard Straubinger. 2022. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi
    sensu-lato-Specific Antibodies in Sera of Canine and Equine Origin—A Comparative
    Study with Two Line Immunoassays. <i>Veterinary Sciences : open access journal</i>
    9, Nr. 11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110633">10.3390/vetsci9110633</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Doff, Sophie</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wenderlein, Jasmin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wiesinger,
    Anna</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hiereth, Stephanie</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich, Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger,
    Reinhard</span>: Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu-lato-Specific Antibodies
    in Sera of Canine and Equine Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line Immunoassays.
    In: <i>Veterinary Sciences : open access journal</i> Bd. 9. Basel, MDPI (2022),
    Nr. 11'
  havard: 'S. Doff, J. Wenderlein, A. Wiesinger, S. Hiereth, S. Ulrich, R. Straubinger,
    Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu-lato-Specific Antibodies in Sera of Canine
    and Equine Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line Immunoassays, Veterinary Sciences :
    Open Access Journal. 9 (2022).'
  ieee: 'S. Doff, J. Wenderlein, A. Wiesinger, S. Hiereth, S. Ulrich, and R. Straubinger,
    “Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu-lato-Specific Antibodies in Sera of Canine
    and Equine Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line Immunoassays,” <i>Veterinary
    Sciences : open access journal</i>, vol. 9, no. 11, Art. no. 633, 2022, doi: <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110633">10.3390/vetsci9110633</a>.'
  mla: 'Doff, Sophie, et al. “Detection of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu-Lato-Specific
    Antibodies in Sera of Canine and Equine Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line
    Immunoassays.” <i>Veterinary Sciences : Open Access Journal</i>, vol. 9, no. 11,
    633, 2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110633">https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110633</a>.'
  short: 'S. Doff, J. Wenderlein, A. Wiesinger, S. Hiereth, S. Ulrich, R. Straubinger,
    Veterinary Sciences : Open Access Journal 9 (2022).'
  ufg: '<b>Doff, Sophie u. a.</b>: Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu-lato-Specific
    Antibodies in Sera of Canine and Equine Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line
    Immunoassays, in: <i>Veterinary Sciences : open access journal</i> 9 (2022), H.
    11.'
  van: 'Doff S, Wenderlein J, Wiesinger A, Hiereth S, Ulrich S, Straubinger R. Detection
    of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu-lato-Specific Antibodies in Sera of Canine and Equine
    Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line Immunoassays. Veterinary Sciences : open
    access journal. 2022;9(11).'
date_created: 2025-06-15T09:54:05Z
date_updated: 2025-06-16T11:49:06Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3390/vetsci9110633
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         9'
issue: '11'
keyword:
- antibody
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
- canine
- equine
- serum diagnosis
- line immunoassay
language:
- iso: eng
place: Basel
publication: 'Veterinary Sciences : open access journal'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2306-7381
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu-lato-Specific Antibodies in Sera of
  Canine and Equine Origin—A Comparative Study with Two Line Immunoassays
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 9
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '12962'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Background\r\nBorrelia burgdorferi is a tick-borne spirochete that causes
    Lyme borreliosis (LB). After an initial tick bite, it spreads from the deposition
    site in the dermis to distant tissues of the host. It is generally believed that
    this spirochete disseminates via the hematogenous route. Borrelia persica causes
    relapsing fever and is able to replicate in the blood stream. Currently the exact
    dissemination pathway of LB pathogens in the host is not known and controversially
    discussed.\r\nMethods\r\nIn this study, we established a strict intravenous infection
    murine model using host-adapted spirochetes. Survival capacity and infectivity
    of host-adapted B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bbss) were compared to those of
    B. persica (Bp) after either intradermal (ID) injection into the dorsal skin of
    immunocompetent mice or strict intravenous (IV) inoculation via the jugular vein.
    By in vitro culture and PCR, viable spirochetes and their DNA load in peripheral
    blood were periodically monitored during a 49/50-day course post-injection, as
    well as in various tissue samples collected at day 49/50. Specific antibodies
    in individual plasma/serum samples were detected with serological methods.\r\nResults\r\nRegardless
    of ID or IV injection, DNA of Bp was present in blood samples up to day 24 post-challenge,
    while no Bbss was detectable in the blood circulation during the complete observation
    period. In contrast to the brain tropism of Bp, Bbss spirochetes were found in
    ear, skin, joint, bladder, and heart tissue samples of only ID-inoculated mice.
    All tested tissues collected from IV-challenged mice were negative for traces
    of Bbss. ELISA testing of serum samples showed that Bp induced gradually increasing
    antibody levels after ID or IV inoculation, while Bbss did so only after ID injection
    but not after IV inoculation.\r\nConclusions\r\nThis study allows us to draw the
    following conclusions: (i) Bp survives in the blood and disseminates to the host’s
    brain via the hematogenous route; and (ii) Bbss, in contrast, is cleared rapidly
    from the blood stream and is a tissue-bound spirochete."
article_number: '191'
author:
- first_name: Liucun
  full_name: Liang, Liucun
  last_name: Liang
- first_name: Jinyong
  full_name: Wang, Jinyong
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Lucas
  full_name: Schorter, Lucas
  last_name: Schorter
- first_name: Thu Phong
  full_name: Nguyen Trong, Thu Phong
  last_name: Nguyen Trong
- first_name: Shari
  full_name: Fell, Shari
  last_name: Fell
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
citation:
  ama: Liang L, Wang J, Schorter L, et al. Rapid clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi
    from the blood circulation. <i>Parasites &#38; vectors</i>. 2020;13(1). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y">10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y</a>
  apa: Liang, L., Wang, J., Schorter, L., Nguyen Trong, T. P., Fell, S., Ulrich, S.,
    &#38; Straubinger, R. K. (2020). Rapid clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi from
    the blood circulation. <i>Parasites &#38; Vectors</i>, <i>13</i>(1), Article 191.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y</a>
  bjps: <b>Liang L <i>et al.</i></b> (2020) Rapid Clearance of Borrelia Burgdorferi
    from the Blood Circulation. <i>Parasites &#38; vectors</i> <b>13</b>.
  chicago: Liang, Liucun, Jinyong Wang, Lucas Schorter, Thu Phong Nguyen Trong, Shari
    Fell, Sebastian Ulrich, and Reinhard K. Straubinger. “Rapid Clearance of Borrelia
    Burgdorferi from the Blood Circulation.” <i>Parasites &#38; Vectors</i> 13, no.
    1 (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y</a>.
  chicago-de: Liang, Liucun, Jinyong Wang, Lucas Schorter, Thu Phong Nguyen Trong,
    Shari Fell, Sebastian Ulrich und Reinhard K. Straubinger. 2020. Rapid clearance
    of Borrelia burgdorferi from the blood circulation. <i>Parasites &#38; vectors</i>
    13, Nr. 1. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y">10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Liang, Liucun</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wang, Jinyong</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schorter,
    Lucas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Nguyen Trong, Thu Phong</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Fell, Shari</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich,
    Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger, Reinhard
    K.</span>: Rapid clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi from the blood circulation.
    In: <i>Parasites &#38; vectors</i> Bd. 13. London, BioMed Central  (2020), Nr. 1'
  havard: L. Liang, J. Wang, L. Schorter, T.P. Nguyen Trong, S. Fell, S. Ulrich, R.K.
    Straubinger, Rapid clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi from the blood circulation,
    Parasites &#38; Vectors. 13 (2020).
  ieee: 'L. Liang <i>et al.</i>, “Rapid clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi from the
    blood circulation,” <i>Parasites &#38; vectors</i>, vol. 13, no. 1, Art. no. 191,
    2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y">10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y</a>.'
  mla: Liang, Liucun, et al. “Rapid Clearance of Borrelia Burgdorferi from the Blood
    Circulation.” <i>Parasites &#38; Vectors</i>, vol. 13, no. 1, 191, 2020, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y</a>.
  short: L. Liang, J. Wang, L. Schorter, T.P. Nguyen Trong, S. Fell, S. Ulrich, R.K.
    Straubinger, Parasites &#38; Vectors 13 (2020).
  ufg: '<b>Liang, Liucun u. a.</b>: Rapid clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi from the
    blood circulation, in: <i>Parasites &#38; vectors</i> 13 (2020), H. 1.'
  van: Liang L, Wang J, Schorter L, Nguyen Trong TP, Fell S, Ulrich S, et al. Rapid
    clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi from the blood circulation. Parasites &#38;
    vectors. 2020;13(1).
date_created: 2025-06-15T10:13:30Z
date_updated: 2025-06-17T14:17:27Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Lyme borreliosis
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Tick-borne relapsing fever
- Borrelia persica
- Blood clearance
language:
- iso: eng
place: London
publication: Parasites & vectors
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1756-3305
publication_status: published
publisher: 'BioMed Central '
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Rapid clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi from the blood circulation
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 13
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '12963'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The genus Borrelia comprises vector-borne bacterial pathogens that can severely
    affect human and animal health. Members of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
    species complex can cause Lyme borreliosis, one of the most common vector-borne
    diseases in the Northern hemisphere. Besides, members of the relapsing fever group
    of spirochetes can cause tick-borne relapsing fever in humans and various febrile
    illnesses in animals in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Borrelia
    spp. organisms are fastidious to cultivate and to maintain in vitro, and therefore,
    difficult to work with in the laboratory. Currently, borrelia identification is
    mainly performed using PCR and DNA sequencing methods, which can be complicated/frustrating
    on complex DNA templates and may still be relatively expensive. Alternative techniques
    such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    (MALDI-TOF MS) are not well established for Borrelia spp., although this technique
    is currently one of the most used techniques for rapid identification of bacteria
    in microbiological diagnostic laboratories. This is mainly due to unsatisfactory
    results obtained by use of simple sample preparation techniques and medium-contamination
    obscuring the mass spectra. In addition, comprehensive libraries for Borrelia
    spp. MALDI-TOF MS have yet to be established. In this study, we developed a new
    filter-based chemical extraction technique that allows measurement of high quality
    Borrelia spp. spectra from less than 100,000 bacteria per spot in MALDI-TOF MS.
    We used 49 isolates of 13 different species to produce the largest mass-library
    for Borrelia spp. so far and to validate the protocol. The library was successfully
    established and identifies >96% of used isolates correctly to species level. Cluster
    analysis on the sum spectra was applied to all the different isolates, which resulted
    in tight cluster generation for most species. Comparative analysis of the generated
    cluster to a phylogeny based on concatenated multi-locus sequence typing genes
    provided a surprising homology. Our data demonstrate that the technique described
    here can be used for fast and reliable species and strain typing within the borrelia
    complex.
author:
- first_name: Anna-Cathrine
  full_name: Neumann-Cip, Anna-Cathrine
  last_name: Neumann-Cip
- first_name: Volker
  full_name: Fingerle, Volker
  last_name: Fingerle
- first_name: Gabriele
  full_name: Margos, Gabriele
  last_name: Margos
- first_name: Reinhard K.
  full_name: Straubinger, Reinhard K.
  last_name: Straubinger
- first_name: Evelyn
  full_name: Overzier, Evelyn
  last_name: Overzier
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Ulrich, Sebastian
  id: '85847'
  last_name: Ulrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-4511-9537
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Wieser, Andreas
  last_name: Wieser
citation:
  ama: Neumann-Cip AC, Fingerle V, Margos G, et al. A Novel Rapid Sample Preparation
    Method for MALDI-TOF MS Permits Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species and Isolate
    Differentiation. <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>. 2020;11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690">10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690</a>
  apa: Neumann-Cip, A.-C., Fingerle, V., Margos, G., Straubinger, R. K., Overzier,
    E., Ulrich, S., &#38; Wieser, A. (2020). A Novel Rapid Sample Preparation Method
    for MALDI-TOF MS Permits Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species and Isolate Differentiation.
    <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>, <i>11</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690</a>
  bjps: <b>Neumann-Cip A-C <i>et al.</i></b> (2020) A Novel Rapid Sample Preparation
    Method for MALDI-TOF MS Permits Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species and Isolate
    Differentiation. <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i> <b>11</b>.
  chicago: Neumann-Cip, Anna-Cathrine, Volker Fingerle, Gabriele Margos, Reinhard
    K. Straubinger, Evelyn Overzier, Sebastian Ulrich, and Andreas Wieser. “A Novel
    Rapid Sample Preparation Method for MALDI-TOF MS Permits Borrelia Burgdorferi
    Sensu Lato Species and Isolate Differentiation.” <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>
    11 (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690</a>.
  chicago-de: Neumann-Cip, Anna-Cathrine, Volker Fingerle, Gabriele Margos, Reinhard
    K. Straubinger, Evelyn Overzier, Sebastian Ulrich und Andreas Wieser. 2020. A
    Novel Rapid Sample Preparation Method for MALDI-TOF MS Permits Borrelia burgdorferi
    Sensu Lato Species and Isolate Differentiation. <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>
    11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690">10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Neumann-Cip, Anna-Cathrine</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Fingerle, Volker</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Margos,
    Gabriele</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Straubinger, Reinhard
    K.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Overzier, Evelyn</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich, Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wieser,
    Andreas</span>: A Novel Rapid Sample Preparation Method for MALDI-TOF MS Permits
    Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species and Isolate Differentiation. In: <i>Frontiers
    in Microbiology</i> Bd. 11. Lausanne, Frontiers Media SA (2020)'
  havard: A.-C. Neumann-Cip, V. Fingerle, G. Margos, R.K. Straubinger, E. Overzier,
    S. Ulrich, A. Wieser, A Novel Rapid Sample Preparation Method for MALDI-TOF MS
    Permits Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species and Isolate Differentiation, Frontiers
    in Microbiology. 11 (2020).
  ieee: 'A.-C. Neumann-Cip <i>et al.</i>, “A Novel Rapid Sample Preparation Method
    for MALDI-TOF MS Permits Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species and Isolate Differentiation,”
    <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>, vol. 11, 2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690">10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690</a>.'
  mla: Neumann-Cip, Anna-Cathrine, et al. “A Novel Rapid Sample Preparation Method
    for MALDI-TOF MS Permits Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species and Isolate Differentiation.”
    <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i>, vol. 11, 2020, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690</a>.
  short: A.-C. Neumann-Cip, V. Fingerle, G. Margos, R.K. Straubinger, E. Overzier,
    S. Ulrich, A. Wieser, Frontiers in Microbiology 11 (2020).
  ufg: '<b>Neumann-Cip, Anna-Cathrine u. a.</b>: A Novel Rapid Sample Preparation
    Method for MALDI-TOF MS Permits Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species and Isolate
    Differentiation, in: <i>Frontiers in Microbiology</i> 11 (2020).'
  van: Neumann-Cip AC, Fingerle V, Margos G, Straubinger RK, Overzier E, Ulrich S,
    et al. A Novel Rapid Sample Preparation Method for MALDI-TOF MS Permits Borrelia
    burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species and Isolate Differentiation. Frontiers in Microbiology.
    2020;11.
date_created: 2025-06-15T10:15:09Z
date_updated: 2025-06-18T11:09:40Z
department:
- _id: DEP4010
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00690
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
keyword:
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
- MALDI-TOF MS
- typing
- sample preparation
- MALDI-TOF MS library
- strain typing
- automatic identification
language:
- iso: eng
place: Lausanne
publication: Frontiers in Microbiology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1664-302X
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Media SA
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: A Novel Rapid Sample Preparation Method for MALDI-TOF MS Permits Borrelia burgdorferi
  Sensu Lato Species and Isolate Differentiation
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 11
year: '2020'
...