@misc{13671, abstract = {{The aging of biodiesel proceeds via multiple pathways, with oligomerization playing a central role. In this study, we investigated an epoxide-dependent oligomerization pathway, which had previously only been postulated. Using methyl oleate (C18:1) as a model monounsaturated fatty acid and acetic acid as a representative, reactive nucleophile and known biodiesel aging product with a suitable boiling point, oligomeric products were identified by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). The concentration of 20 wt% was chosen to ensure a measurable kinetic effect while maintaining stable reaction conditions. Furthermore, the role of methyl oleate during biodiesel aging was addressed. Time-resolved analysis confirmed the proposed sequential order of reactions. It was pointed out that elimination reactions may occur. The data support the formation of epoxides, despite the isobaric overlap with ketones, and show that hydroxyl intermediates undergo esterification and etherification. Moreover, experiments with pure C18:1 demonstrated that acetic acid–derived oligomers are generated. Under Rancimat conditions, addition of 20 wt% acetic acid resulted in an approximately 1.1 – 2.6 increase in product yield. Kinetic analysis revealed structure-dependent formation and decay behavior of the aging products, with slightly faster epoxidation and shifted product distributions toward higher oligomeric species in the presence of acetic acid. Reactive intermediates were consumed more rapidly than oligomeric species and all decay processes followed apparent second-order kinetics. These findings provide direct experimental evidence for the involvement of epoxide-dependent pathways in biodiesel aging.}}, author = {{Türck, Julian and Funke, Carsten and Schmitt, Fabian and Schneider, Jan and Danneel, Hans-Jürgen and Türck, Ralf and Ruck, Wolfgang and Krahl, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy }}, issn = {{1873-7153}}, keywords = {{Biodiesel aging, Epoxide-dependent oligomerization, Acetic acid, Identification of aging products, Kinetics of aging products}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{Kinetic study and confirmation of epoxide-dependent oligomerization of methyl oleate}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139339}}, volume = {{424}}, year = {{2026}}, } @misc{12871, abstract = {{Sustainability in the food chain and the prevention of food losses is an issue of increasing importance. There is a large number of processing by-products where innovative strategies are helpful for transferring these losses into a consumable state. In a step-by-step approach, this current study focused on the sensory properties of blends of sunflower press cake and whey, fermented with different consortia of microorganisms and intended for being used as a basis for a savory spread. In the first part of the work, blends fermented with six co-cultures from lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were characterized by free choice profiling and quantitative descriptive analysis. The respective results were used to modify the formulation and to select the fermentation cultures that were promising from a sensory point of view. Subsequent investigations allowed reducing sample dimensionality further, and the study was concluded by affective hedonic tests and a check-all-that-apply set-up performed by consumers. The final experiment also comprised a just-about-right approach performed for specifically evaluating spreadability. The outcome of the entire study indicates that it is possible to tailor attractive foods from by-products, provided that the need for final optimizations regarding palatability is considered.}}, author = {{Rohm, Harald and Morejón Caraballo, Sophie and Salvador, Ana and Mendo, Sofia and Llorca, Empar and Cattaneo, Stefano and De Noni, Ivano and Struck, Susanne and Foschino, Roberto and Hernando, Isabel}}, booktitle = {{Foods : open access journal}}, issn = {{2304-8158}}, keywords = {{food losses, sustainability, by-product utilization, spreadability}}, number = {{9}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Sensory Properties of Fermented Blends of Sunflower Press Cake and Whey}}}, doi = {{10.3390/foods14091489}}, volume = {{14}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{11891, abstract = {{The aim of the present study was to texturise protein from sunflower press cake (SPC) for being consumed as dry snack or, in its hydrated state, as a meat analogue. In preliminary experiments, feed moisture (15–25 g 100 g−1) and extrusion temperature (180 °C–200 °C) were varied when processing commercial sunflower protein flour with a protein content of 51.8 g per 100 g dry matter using low moisture single-screw extrusion. The extrudates were analysed with regard to specific mechanical energy needs, texture properties in dry and hydrated state, colour, expansion ratio and water binding capacity. Extrusion parameters for achieving maximum expansion, textural force and minimal product moisture were found to be 180 °C and 15 g 100 g−1. Consequently, texturised protein was derived from deoiled SPC using these extrusion parameters. Initial deoiling of the press cake was necessary as it improved texturisation; a higher SME input reached led to increased cross-linking of the protein matrix. The light coloured and significantly expanded extrudates with high water binding capacity and could serve as basis for further development of snack products or meat analogues.}}, author = {{Morejon Caraballo, Sophie and Fischer, Simon Vincent and Masztalerz, Klaudia and Lech, Krzysztof and Rohm, Harald and Struck, Susanne}}, booktitle = {{International journal of food science & technology}}, issn = {{1365-2621}}, keywords = {{By-products, extrusion, meat analogue}}, publisher = {{Wiley-Blackwell}}, title = {{{Low moisture texturised protein from sunflower press cake}}}, doi = {{ https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.17513}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12836, abstract = {{The complexity of biodiesel aging has shown that the mechanism needs further research. The rate of aging product formation and associated interactions can help improve fuel quality. Since biodiesel is a multicomponent system and constant changes occur in the chemical environment, which interactions yield which products must be shown in more detail. Particularly under observation was the correlation between peroxides and epoxides. In addition, it is critical that the influence and interactions of new drop-in fuel candidates be investigated. In this work, the kinetics of the formation of aging products of methyl oleate (C18:1) are studied. The aim was to reduce the complexity in order to be able to make more precise and detailed statements about the mechanism. Ketones, acids, peroxide, and epoxide values were recorded. A distinction is made between pure methyl oleate and mixtures with 3 wt% isopropylidene glycerine (solketal). After solketal decomposed in the blends, the aging process showed changes. The influence of solketal resulted in a higher number of acids and epoxides over time. It implied that peroxides are not necessarily the precursor of epoxides. In summary, correlation and solketal’s influence showed that a sequence of aging products could be detected.}}, author = {{Türck, Julian and Schmitt, Fabian and Anthofer, Lukas and Lichtinger, Anne and Türck, Ralf and Ruck, Wolfgang and Krahl, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management}}, issn = {{1996-1073}}, keywords = {{oxidation kinetics, biodiesel aging, methyl oleate, solketal, alcohol influence, sequence of aging products}}, number = {{7}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Oxidation Kinetics of Neat Methyl Oleate and as a Blend with Solketal}}}, doi = {{10.3390/en16073253}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{7986, abstract = {{Bioprocess development and optimization are still cost- and time-intensive due to the enormous number of experiments involved. In this study, the recently introduced model-assisted Design of Experiments (mDoE) concept (Möller et al. in Bioproc Biosyst Eng 42(5):867, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-019-02089-7, 2019) was extended and implemented into a software (“mDoE-toolbox”) to significantly reduce the number of required cultivations. The application of the toolbox is exemplary shown in two case studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the first case study, a fed-batch process was optimized with respect to the pH value and linearly rising feeding rates of glucose and nitrogen source. Using the mDoE-toolbox, the biomass concentration was increased by 30% compared to previously performed experiments. The second case study was the whole-cell biocatalysis of ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) to (S)-ethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate (E3HB), for which the feeding rates of glucose, nitrogen source, and EAA were optimized. An increase of 80% compared to a previously performed experiment with similar initial conditions was achieved for the E3HB concentration.}}, author = {{Moser, André and Kuchemüller, Kim B. and Deppe, Sahar and Hernández Rodriguez, Tanja and Frahm, Björn and Pörtner, Ralf and Hass, Volker C. and Möller, Johannes}}, booktitle = {{Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering}}, isbn = {{1615-7591}}, issn = {{1615-7605}}, keywords = {{Biocatalysis, Monte Carlo methods, Fed-batch strategy, Model-assisted design of experiments, Quality by design}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{683--700}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Model-assisted DoE software: Optimization of growth and biocatalysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioprocesses}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00449-020-02478-3}}, volume = {{44}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{4094, abstract = {{Projection-based assitive systems that guide users through assembly work are on their way to industrial application. Previous research work investigated how people can be supported with such systems. However, there has been little work on the question on how to generate and author sequential instructions for assitive systems. In this paper, we present a new concept and a prototypical implementation of an assitive system that can be taught by demonstrating an assembly process. By using a combination of RGB and depth cameras, we can generate an assembly instruction of Lego Duplo bricks based on the demonstration of a user. This generated manual can later on be used for assisting other users in the assembly process. By our prototype system, we show the technological feasibility of assistive systems that can learn from users.}}, author = {{Büttner, Sebastian and Peda, Andreas and Heinz, Mario and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction}}, isbn = {{978-3-030-50343-7}}, keywords = {{Assitive system, Authoring, Instruction generation, Computer vision, Teaching by demonstration}}, location = {{Copenhagen, Denmark}}, pages = {{153--163}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Teaching by Demonstrating – How Smart Assistive Systems Can Learn from Users}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50344-4_12}}, volume = {{12203}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inbook{7783, abstract = {{The digitization of the industry, the drive towards smart factories as well as the Internet of Production (IoP) require rising smartness of products and services. Smart physical products are often mechatronic products that include increasing amounts of software. The development of software, however, comes along with new challenges for companies specialized in developing mechanical, electrical or electronic products. Some of these challenges address the product lifecycle management (PLM)-related business and work processes. The management of software lifecycles requires a much more rigorous requirements management. Furthermore, special solutions for management of source code in distributed development teams are needed. The build-process and testing activities need to be conducted in a systematic manner. The generation and provision of different licensing models need to be mastered and finally the issue of security needs to be addressed for any product that can be networked---which by the way is a strategic target of nearly any product developing company. Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) covers many of the above-mentioned issues. IT solutions for ALM are comparable to traditional PLM solutions, but focus particularly on software as a product. Thus, these systems have become widely used by software companies in the same manner as PLM solutions belong to the standard enterprise IT environment of companies developing physical products. With software penetrating traditional physical products, product managers, product developers, manufacturing staff etc. need to work with both, PLM and ALM, since neither solution is able to cover both domains sufficiently. However, ALM and PLM solutions feature redundant functionality. Thus, best practices for the systematic integration of ALM and PLM are required.}}, author = {{Deuter, Andreas and Otte, Andreas and Ebert, Marcel and Possel-Dölken, Frank}}, booktitle = {{Product lifecycle management (Volume 4)}}, editor = {{Stark, John}}, isbn = {{978-3-030-16133-0}}, issn = {{2197-6589}}, keywords = {{Product lifecycle management, Application Lifecycle Management, Smart products, Systems engineering}}, pages = {{125--143}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Developing the Requirements of a PLM/ALM Integration: An Industrial Case Study}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-030-16134-7_11}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{4320, abstract = {{The use of Assistive Technology (AT) plays a significant role in the advancement of greater independence for individuals with disabilities in their work life. In particular, digital step-by-step support can enable people to perform production tasks that were formerly difficult to accomplish. In this paper, we focused on finding a solution for a specific production process. To this end, we set up a prototype assistive system for performing a cutting task which provides step-by-step support for people with disabilities. In an evaluation study with impaired people, we investigated how our assistive system affects the task efficiency as well as participants’ subjective evaluation of perceived mental effort and system usability. Results show advantages for step-by-step support with regard to users’ task efficiency and subjective evaluation.}}, author = {{Aksu, Volkan and Jenderny, Sascha and Martinez, Sascha and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Usability, User Experience and Assistive Technology}}, editor = {{Ahram, Tareq Z. and Falcão, Christianne}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-94946-8}}, keywords = {{Assistive Technology, People with disabilities, User-centered, Design, Human-computer-interaction, Production Step-by-step instructions}}, location = {{Orlando, Florida, USA}}, pages = {{775--785}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{A Digital Assistance System Providing Step-by-Step Support for People with Disabilities in Production Tasks}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-94947-5_76}}, volume = {{794}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{4321, abstract = {{Recent research has shown that computer-based Assistive Technology (AT) has the potential to support individuals with disabilities in production environments. At the same time, step-by-step instructions enable workers to be successful in their performance of industrial tasks that were formerly difficult to accomplish. We merged these two types of intervention and developed an application running on a mobile device that can assist disabled workers working more independently. In an evaluation study, we investigated how our assistive system affects the task efficiency as well as participants’ subjective evaluation. Results show advantages when using the assistive prototype with regard to users’ task efficiency and subjective evaluations.}}, author = {{Aksu, Volkan and Jenderny, Sascha and Martinez, Sascha and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Providing Context-Sensitive Mobile Assistance for People with Disabilities in the Workplace}}, editor = {{Di Bucchianico, Giuseppe }}, isbn = {{978-3-319-94621-4}}, keywords = {{Assistive technology, People with disabilities : Human computer interaction : Industry 4.0, Inclusion, Context-sensitive assistance, Step-by-step instructions, Production, Mobile assistance}}, location = {{Orlando, Florida, USA}}, pages = {{3--14}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Providing Context-Sensitive Mobile Assistance for People with Disabilities in the Workplace}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-94622-1_1}}, volume = {{776}}, year = {{2018}}, } @misc{12798, abstract = {{The digitization of the industry requires smart products and services. Smart products are mechatronic products with an increasing amount of software. To get high quality smart products to the market quickly, manufacturers need to reshape their product lifecycle processes. They need to apply system engineering-based methods to enable smooth cross-domain developments with a special focus on the software domain. One significant challenge faced by manufacturers is the harmonization of product lifecycle management (PLM), which addresses the hardware lifecycle, with application lifecycle management (ALM), which addresses the software lifecycle. To support manufacturers in this challenging activity, this paper demonstrates a proven process for developing use cases and requirements associated with a PLM/ALM integration. This process has been elicited during an industrial case study in a manufacturing company. This paper explains this process in detail. A generally applicable approach for developing the requirements of a PLM/ALM integration is extracted by removing the company-specific factors. }}, author = {{Deuter, Andreas and Otte, Andreas and Ebert, Marcel and Possel-Dölken, Frank}}, booktitle = {{4th International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence - Intelligent, Flexible and Connected Systems in Products and Production}}, editor = {{Denkena, B. and Thoben, K. D. and Trachtler, A.}}, issn = {{2351-9789}}, keywords = {{Product lifecycle management, Application Lifecycle Management, Smart products, Systems engineering}}, location = {{Hannover}}, pages = {{107--113}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Developing the Requirements of a PLM/ALM Integration: An Industrial Case Study}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.promfg.2018.06.020}}, volume = {{24}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inbook{5932, abstract = {{Groupage transports are frequently calculated based on freight rates assuming a declining rate with respect to volume and to transportation distance. This paper investigates the case of feeding many small shipments to customers via a freight forwarder network. It is argued that costs for post-carriage transport dominate other costs. Based on a theoretical estimate, simulation experiments for the case of a uniform distribution of customer locations around the subsidiary with a fixed shipment size per drop suggest that the aggregate costs grow progressively with increasing customer drop distances from the subsidiary. The resulting implications for transport modelling are discussed.}}, author = {{Boone, Nicholas and Quisbrock, Tim}}, booktitle = {{Advanced manufacturing and sustainable logistics : proceedings / 8th International Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, IHNS 2010, Paderborn}}, isbn = {{978-3-642-12461-7}}, keywords = {{cost-by-cause principle, freight forwarder, freight rates, network, overhead costs, pricing, simulation, transport}}, location = {{Paderborn}}, pages = {{332--344}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Modelling post-carriage transport costs in groupage networks}}}, doi = {{doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12494-5_30}}, year = {{2011}}, }