@misc{13350,
  abstract     = {{In einer humanzentrierten Kleinserien- und Einzelfertigung mit Werkstattorganisation verfügen Fertigungsmitarbeitende häufig über eine hohe Autonomie und Entscheidungsfreiheit. Das Zusammenspiel individueller Planungsstrategien von Mitarbeitenden innerhalb eines Fertigungsprozesses kann sich positiv als auch negativ auf das Erreichen der produktionslogistischen Zielgrößen auswirken. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Variante des Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems vorgestellt, welches das Entscheidungsverhalten autonomer Arbeitspersonen bezüglich der Bearbeitungsreihenfolgebildung berücksichtigt. Weiterhin wird die Ableitung arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen durch die Analyse individueller Planungsstrategien von Arbeitspersonen mittels Methoden der erklärbaren künstlichen Intelligenz demonstriert. Betrachtungsgegenstand der Analyse ist die Entscheidung von Arbeitspersonen, in welcher Reihenfolge sie ihre täglichen Aufgaben abarbeiten. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion über die Nutzung der vorgestellten Verfahren zur Ableitung von arbeitsorganisatorischen Gestaltungsempfehlungen.}},
  author       = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Tackenberg, Sven and Nitsch, Verena}},
  booktitle    = {{Arbeit 5.0: Menschzentrierte Innovationen für die Zukunft der Arbeit}},
  keywords     = {{Flexible Job Shop Scheduling, Learning To Rank, Erklärbare Künstliche Intelligenz, Planungsautonomie, Simulation}},
  location     = {{Aachen}},
  pages        = {{415--420}},
  publisher    = {{GfA-Press}},
  title        = {{{Analyse der Entscheidungsfindung von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden durch erklärbare künstliche Intelligenz zur Ableitung arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen}}},
  doi          = {{10.61063/FK2025}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@misc{13120,
  abstract     = {{This paper introduces an approach that leverages large language models (LLMs) to convert detailed descriptions of an Operational Design Domain (ODD) into realistic, executable simulation scenarios for testing autonomous vehicles. The method combines model-based and data-driven techniques to decompose ODDs into three key components: environmental, scenery, and dynamic elements. It then applies prompt engineering to generate ScenarioRunner scripts compatible with CARLA. The model-based component guides the LLM using structured prompts and a “Tree of Thoughts” strategy to outline the scenario, while a data-driven refinement process, drawing inspiration from red teaming, enhances the accuracy and robustness of the generated scripts over time. Experimental results show that while static components, such as weather and road layouts, are well captured, dynamic elements like vehicle and pedestrian behavior require further refinement. Overall, this approach not only reduces the manual effort involved in creating simulation scenarios but also identifies key challenges and opportunities for advancing safer and more adaptive autonomous driving systems.}},
  author       = {{Danso, Aaron Agyapong and Büker, Ulrich}},
  booktitle    = {{Electronics}},
  issn         = {{2079-9292 }},
  keywords     = {{large language models, generation, Operational Design Domain, autonomous vehicles, simulation, CARLA, ScenarioRunner, prompt-engineering, fine-tuning}},
  number       = {{16}},
  pages        = {{3177}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{Automated Generation of Test Scenarios for Autonomous Driving Using LLMs}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/electronics14163177}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@misc{11432,
  abstract     = {{Currently, numerous single track railway lines are disused due to economic reasons. One way they could be reactivated for bidirectional on demand traffic is by small cabin-like vehicles, lateral stabilized by a system of control moment gyroscopes and a moveable mass. Regarding such a vehicle, there is currently no reference in comparison with other vehicles and no experimental experience or the like. To ensure the functionality and safety of the vehicle even before its realization, a model-based design is carried out for development, analysis, optimization and testing. This paper is focused on the co-simulation of such a vehicle that is controlled by a longitudinal control. In order to take into account the complex interaction between the longitudinal dynamics and the running gear, the entire system must be considered here including the wheel/rail interaction. Co-simulations are performed considering both the mechanical model of the vehicle and the control of the longitudinal dynamics of the overall system. The simulation results show that functionality and safe operation can be ensured by the vehicle longitudinal controls. As a result, the simulation and the measurement of the real system show a good match. By means of HIL and co-simulations, function tests could be shifted to earlier development stages, in order to accelerate the overall development.}},
  author       = {{Hanselle, Raphael and Stork, Dominic and Lück, Sönke and Rasche, Rainer and Naumann, Rolf and Witte, Stefan}},
  booktitle    = {{ Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks III  Proceedings of the 28th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2023, August 21–25, 2023, Ottawa, Canada - Volume 1: Rail Vehicles}},
  editor       = {{Huang, Wei  and Ahmadian, Mehdi }},
  isbn         = {{978-3-031-66970-5}},
  issn         = {{2195-4364}},
  keywords     = {{field and laboratory testing, autonomous railway vehicles, vehicle control and mechatronics, co-simulation}},
  location     = {{Ottawa, Canada}},
  pages        = {{514--523}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Nature}},
  title        = {{{Simulation of a Longitudinal Control System for an Automated Driving Self-Stabilized Monorail Vehicle}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66971-2_54}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{11808,
  abstract     = {{The application of hydrogen for energy storage and as a vehicle fuel necessitates efficient and effective storage technologies. In addition to traditional cryogenic and high-pressure tanks, an alternative approach involves utilizing porous materials such as activated carbons within the storage tank. The adsorption behaviour of hydrogen in porous structures is described using the Dubinin-Astakhov isotherm. To model the flow of hydrogen within the tank, we rely on the equations of mass conservation, the Navier-Stokes equations, and the equation of energy conservation, which are implemented in a computational fluid dynamics code and additional terms account for the amount of hydrogen involved in sorption and the corresponding heat release. While physical models are valuable, data-driven models often offer computational advantages. Based on the data from the physical adsorption model, a data-driven model is derived using various machine learning techniques. This model is then incorporated as source terms in the governing conservation equations, resulting in a novel hybrid formulation which is computationally more efficient. Consequently, a new method is presented to compute the temperature and concentration distribution during the charging and discharging of hydrogen tanks and identifying any limiting phenomena more easily.}},
  author       = {{Klepp, Georg Heinrich}},
  booktitle    = {{Energy : the international journal ; technologies, resources, reserves, demands, impact, conservation, management, policy}},
  issn         = {{1873-6785}},
  keywords     = {{Hydrogen storage, Adsorption, Activated carbon, Machine learning, Simulation, Computational fluid dynamics}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Modelling activated carbon hydrogen storage tanks using machine learning models}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.energy.2024.132318}},
  volume       = {{306}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12215,
  abstract     = {{Water-level reduction frequently occurs in deep reservoirs, but its effect on dissolved oxygen concentration is not well understood. In this study we used a well-established water quality model to illustrate effects of water level dynamics on oxygen concentration in Rappbode Reservoir, Germany. We then systematically elucidated the potential of selective withdrawal to control hypoxia under changing water levels. Our results documented a gradual decrease of hypolimnetic oxygen concentration under decreasing water level, and hypoxia occurred when the initial level was lower than 410 m a.s.l (71 m relative to the reservoir bottom). We also suggested that changes of hypoxic region, under increasing hypolimnetic withdrawal discharge, followed a unimodal trajectory with the maximum hypoxic area projected under the discharge between 3 m3/sec and 4 m3/sec. Besides, our results illustrated the extent of hypoxia was most effectively inhibited if the withdrawal strategy was applied at the end of stratification with the outlet elevation at the deepest part of the reservoir. Moreover, hypoxia can be totally avoided under a hybrid elevation withdrawal strategy using surface withdrawal during early and mid stratification, and deep withdrawal at the end of stratification. We further confirmed the decisive role of thermal structure in the formation of hypoxia under water-level reduction and withdrawal strategies. We believe the conclusions from this study can be applied to many deep waters in the temperate zone, and the results should guide stakeholders to mitigate negative impacts of hypoxia on aquatic ecosystems.}},
  author       = {{Mi, Chenxi and Rinke, Karsten and Shatwell, Tom}},
  booktitle    = {{Journal of Environmental Sciences}},
  issn         = {{1878-7320}},
  keywords     = {{Hypoxia, Water-level reduction, Hypolimnetic water withdrawal, Stratification phenology, Water quality simulation, Sediment oxygen demand}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{127--139}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Optimizing selective withdrawal strategies to mitigate hypoxia under water-level reduction in Germany's largest drinking water reservoir}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.025}},
  volume       = {{146}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12402,
  abstract     = {{In anaerobic technology, pH values are crucial for targeted volatile fatty acid production. While pH dynamics can be modeled using the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1), simulation results may be biased. To address this issue, the pH prediction routine of Visual Water, a specialized water chemistry simulator, was validated. Unlike ADM1, it accounts for ionic strength and activities while also providing an automated uncertainty analysis. The analysis revealed Visual Water simulations to better fit measured pH data from acidic solutions in a miniaturized stirred-tank reactor.}},
  author       = {{Kosse, Pascal and Hernández Rodriguez, Tanja and Frahm, Björn and Lübken, Manfred and Wichern, Marc}},
  booktitle    = {{Chemie Ingenieur Technik}},
  issn         = {{1522-2640}},
  keywords     = {{Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1), Anaerobic technology, pH simulation, Uncertainty assessment, Visual Water}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{528--534}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Comparative Analysis of pH Prediction Routines in ADM1 and a Specialized Water Chemistry Simulator}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/cite.202300188}},
  volume       = {{96}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{10015,
  abstract     = {{Die operative Fertigungsplanung für die Produktions¬bereiche von Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen steht vor der Herausforderung, die Kompetenzen und die individuellen Verhaltensweisen der Personen mit Unterstützungsbedarf bei einer gleichzeitigen Erfüllung der wirtschaftlichen Vorgaben angemessen zu berücksichtigen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt daher einen simulationsgestützten Ansatz zur Entwicklung von Fertigungsplänen. Hierzu erfolgt eine Allokation von Aufgaben zu Personen mit Unterstützungsbedarf unter Berücksichtigung der Funktionen von Assistenzsystemen in der Fertigung sowie einer zu erreichenden Lernwirksamkeit einer Aufgabenbearbeitung. Der realisierte Algorithmus wird anhand eines Planungsproblems für die Zielgrößen Wirtschaftlichkeit und Lernförderlichkeit verifiziert.}},
  author       = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Tackenberg, Sven and Duckwitz, Sönke}},
  booktitle    = {{Nachhaltig Arbeiten und Lernen - Analyse und Gestaltung lernförderlicher und nachhaltiger Arbeitssysteme und Arbeits und Lernprozesse}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-936804-32-4}},
  keywords     = {{Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen, Resource- constrained Project Scheduling Problem, Aufgabenauswahl, Simulation}},
  location     = {{Hannover}},
  publisher    = {{GfA-Press}},
  title        = {{{Konzept für die operative Fertigungsplanung unter Berücksichtigung der Kompetenzen von Personen mit Unterstützungsbedarf in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen}}},
  volume       = {{40}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{10016,
  abstract     = {{Hohe Freiheitsgrade hinsichtlich des Entscheidungsspielraums von Arbeitspersonen erschweren die Prognose der Bearbeitungsreihenfolgen und der damit verbundenen Fertigstellungstermine in produzierenden Unternehmen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein Forschungsvorhaben über die Vorhersage der Aufgabenauswahl von Arbeitspersonen in der Kleinserien- und Einzelfertigung vor. Es werden die Zielsetzung und Methodik für die Erhebung und Beschreibung von Entscheidungskriterien und -regeln von Arbeitspersonen beschrieben und diskutiert. Zentrale Herausforderung der zu konzipierenden empirischen Studie ist die Erhebung von Daten zum Entscheidungsverhalten mit hoher prädiktiver Validität. Die Daten werden genutzt, um ein KI-gestütztes Simulationsmodell zur Vorhersage der individuellen Aufgabenauswahl zu entwickeln. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick auf zukünftige Aktivitäten.}},
  author       = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Tackenberg, Sven and Nitsch, Verena}},
  booktitle    = {{Nachhaltig Arbeiten und Lernen - Analyse und Gestaltung lernförderlicher und nachhaltiger Arbeitssysteme und Arbeits und Lernprozesse}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-936804-32-4}},
  keywords     = {{Aufgabenauswahl, Simulation, Künstliche Intelligenz, Produktion, Entscheidungskriterien, Empirische Studie}},
  location     = {{Hannover}},
  publisher    = {{GfA-Press}},
  title        = {{{Vorhersage des individuellen Entscheidungsverhaltens von Arbeitspersonen in der Produktion bezüglich der Aufgabenauswahl mittels KI-gestützter Simulation}}},
  volume       = {{40}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{13019,
  abstract     = {{The digital transformation of manufacturing companies is a huge driver of complexity in organizational structures and processes. Challenges such as an increasing number of variants, rapid changes in technology, and a multitude of interfaces between IT systems within companies require changed qualifications in the workforce. Employees lack a profound understanding of the added value that digitalization can bring to the company and themselves. To address these challenges, simulation games are a suitable approach. Simulation games are active learning methods that simulate real systems in an artificial environment. The goal is to give employees the opportunity to gain experience and make decisions without creating a pressure situation or endangering the real production system. This enables them to better understand, evaluate and design real systems. In order to make optimal use of simulation games in manufacturing companies, they should be customized to the company and its employees due to individual processes and structures. This paper presents a procedure model for designing a concept of individualized simulation games for manufacturing companies in the context of digitalization. It starts with the identification of requirements. Subsequently, the requirements of the individual elements are combined into a holistic simulation game. The piloting of the framework is presented using an example from industrial practice.}},
  author       = {{Machon, Fabian and Gabriel, Stefan and Latos, Benedikt and Holtkötter, Christoph and Lütkehoff, Ben and Asmar, Laban and Kühn, Dr. Arno and Dumitrescu, Prof. Dr. Roman}},
  booktitle    = {{Procedia CIRP}},
  issn         = {{2212-8271}},
  keywords     = {{industry 4.0, digitalization, digital transformation, simulation games, game-based learning, education, employee education, qualification}},
  pages        = {{1017--1022}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Design of individual simulation games in manufacturing companies for game-based learning}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.procir.2023.03.145}},
  volume       = {{119}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{12817,
  abstract     = {{Sub-optimal control policies in intersection traffic signal controllers (TSC) contribute to congestion and lead to negative effects on human health and the environment. Reinforcement learning (RL) for traffic signal control is a promising approach to design better control policies and has attracted considerable research interest in recent years. However, most work done in this area used simplified simulation environments of traffic scenarios to train RL-based TSC. To deploy RL in real-world traffic systems, the gap between simplified simulation environments and real-world applications has to be closed. Therefore, we propose LemgoRL, a benchmark tool to train RL agents as TSC in a realistic simulation environment of Lemgo, a medium-sized town in Germany. In addition to the realistic simulation model, LemgoRL encompasses a traffic signal logic unit that ensures compliance with all regulatory and safety requirements. LemgoRL offers the same interface as the well-known OpenAI gym toolkit to enable easy deployment in existing research work. To demonstrate the functionality and applicability of LemgoRL, we train a state-of-the-art Deep RL algorithm on a CPU cluster utilizing a framework for distributed and parallel RL and compare its performance with other methods. Our benchmark tool drives the development of RL algorithms towards real-world applications.}},
  author       = {{Müller, Arthur and Rangras, Vishal and Ferfers, Tobias and Hufen, Florian and Schreckenberg, Lukas and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Schnittker, Georg and Waldmann, Michael and Friesen, Maxim and Wiering, Marco}},
  booktitle    = {{20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)}},
  editor       = {{Wani, M. Arif  and Sethi, Ishwar  and  Shi, Weisong and Qu, Guangzhi  and Stan Raicu, Daniela  and Jin, Ruoming }},
  isbn         = {{978-1-6654-4337-1}},
  keywords     = {{deep reinforcement learning, traffic signal control, intelligent transportation system, traffic simulation}},
  location     = {{Online}},
  pages        = {{507--514}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Towards Real-World Deployment of Reinforcement Learning for Traffic Signal Control}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/icmla52953.2021.00085}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@misc{11803,
  abstract     = {{Sub-optimal control policies in intersection traffic signal controllers (TSC) contribute to congestion and lead to negative effects on human health and the environment. Reinforcement learning (RL) for traffic signal control is a promising approach to design better control policies and has attracted considerable research interest in recent years. However, most work done in this area used simplified simulation environments of traffic scenarios to train RL-based TSC. To deploy RL in real-world traffic systems, the gap between simplified simulation environments and real-world applications has to be closed. Therefore, we propose LemgoRL, a benchmark tool to train RL agents as TSC in a realistic simulation environment of Lemgo, a medium-sized town in Germany. In addition to the realistic simulation model, LemgoRL encompasses a traffic signal logic unit that ensures compliance with all regulatory and safety requirements. LemgoRL offers the same interface as the well-known OpenAI gym toolkit to enable easy deployment in existing research work. To demonstrate the functionality and applicability of LemgoRL, we train a state-of-the-art Deep RL algorithm on a CPU cluster utilizing a framework for distributed and parallel RL and compare its performance with other methods. Our benchmark tool drives the development of RL algorithms towards real-world applications.}},
  author       = {{Müller, Arthur and Rangras, Vishal and Schnittker, Georg and Waldmann, Michael and Friesen, Maxim and Ferfers, Tobias and Schreckenberg, Lukas and Hufen, Florian and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Wiering, Marco}},
  booktitle    = {{20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)}},
  editor       = {{Wani, M. Arif}},
  keywords     = {{deep reinforcement learning, traffic signal control, intelligent transportation system, traffic simulation}},
  location     = {{Pasadena, CA, USA }},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Towards Real-World Deployment of Reinforcement Learning for Traffic  Signal Control}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/ICMLA52953.2021.00085}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{8384,
  abstract     = {{ynamic simulation models are widely utilized to evaluate complex technical components and systems like electric drives or machines. They can support the development process of a production machine by avoiding an inadequate layout of components or an erroneous control design. However, the effort for building them is often too high for this purpose (lot size one). An automated model generation can be utilized to overcome the gap between efforts and advantages of dynamic simulations.

This contribution presents an approach for simplifying the dynamic model generation of production machines by using the so-called Asset Administration Shell defined by the initiative Platform Industrie 4.0. The Asset Administration Shell was developed to aggregate all data necessary for maintaining the product across its life cycle. This includes component data and models as well as structural information about a machine. The generation process is performed by using the common FMI standard and a two-step procedure which allows the linkage of different simulation tools. The model generation is demonstrated by an example layout of a machine's internal direct current grid.}},
  author       = {{Göllner, D. and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{2021 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-6654-3772-1 }},
  issn         = {{2157-3611}},
  keywords     = {{Digital Twin, Asset Administration Shell, Dynamic Simulation Model, Industry 4.0, Automated Model Generation}},
  location     = {{Online  (Singapore)}},
  pages        = {{808--812}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Utilization of the Asset Administration Shell for the Generation of Dynamic Simulation Models}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/IEEM50564.2021.9673089}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inbook{13300,
  abstract     = {{Die Energiewende und die Erreichung der politisch formulierten und gesellschaftlich gewollten Umweltschutzziele bedarf zukunftstauglicher Planungswerkzeuge, die sowohl die übergeordnete Verwaltungsperspektive als auch die Perspektive der individuellen Nachbarschaften vor Ort berücksichtigen. Im Idealfall sollten diese beiden Perspektiven zu einem gemeinsamen Interessenmanagement zusammengeführt werden. Folglich stellen der Informationserwerb und das Erlernen der relevanten Zusammenhänge und Wechselwirkungen entscheidende Faktoren zum Gelingen dieses Transformationsprozesses dar. Das webbasierte Tool myField soll es den Bürger*innen ermöglichen, im persönlichen Wohnumfeld projektorientierte Maßnahmen zur Erzeugung umweltschutzorientierter Energievorhaben zu projektieren und durch Simulations- und Eigenabschätzungsverfahren eine Optimierung solcher Projektideen vorzunehmen. myField bietet neben der computerspiel-ähnlichen 3D-Welt zusätzlich eine Cloud-Plattform zur Kommunikation kollaborativer Ideen und zur Vernetzung zwischen den Akteur*innen. myField wurde vom Forschungsschwerpunkt nextPlace der Technischen Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe in Kooperation mit der Arbeitsgruppe GIS des Geografischen Instituts der Universität Bonn als interaktive Softwareapplikation auf Basis der Gaming-Engine Unity3D entwickelt. Die ersten Arbeitsschritte beinhalteten Literatur- und Software-Recherchen zur inhaltlichen Positionierung. Die Kernarbeit bestand aus der Programmierung des Software-Prototypen und der Implementierung amtlicher Geodateninfrastrukturen. Die Entwicklungsarbeit wurde gefördert durch die Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU), begleitet durch Expertengespräche, Rückkopplungen mit Fachvertretern der Beispielumgebung LEADER-Region Nordlippe und einzelnen Anwendertests.}},
  author       = {{Dally, Benjamin and Henning, Kai-Fabian and Oldenburg, Carsten and Häusler, Axel and Greve, Klaus and Kühle, Sebastian}},
  booktitle    = {{Flächennutzungsmonitoring XIII: Flächenpolitik - Konzepte - Analysen - Tools}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-944101-79-8}},
  keywords     = {{Raumplanung, spatial planning, Partizipation, participation, Flächennutzung, area utilization, Umweltschutz, environmental protection, Simulation, simulation, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany}},
  location     = {{Dresden}},
  pages        = {{293--302}},
  publisher    = {{Rhombos-Verlag}},
  title        = {{{myField: Ein webbasiertes Partizipations-Tool zur Simulation und Eigenabschätzung nachbarschaftlicher Energie- und Umweltschutzvorhaben}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.26084/13dfns-p027}},
  volume       = {{79}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{12800,
  abstract     = {{his paper presents the cognitive module of the Cognitive Architecture for Artificial Intelligence (CAAI) in cyber-physical production systems (CPPS). The goal of this architecture is to reduce the implementation effort of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in CPPS. Declarative user goals and the provided algorithm-knowledge base allow the dynamic pipeline orchestration and configuration. A big data platform (BDP) instantiates the pipelines and monitors the CPPS performance for further evaluation through the cognitive module. Thus, the cognitive module is able to select feasible and robust configurations for process pipelines in varying use cases. Furthermore, it automatically adapts the models and algorithms based on model quality and resource consumption. The cognitive module also instantiates additional pipelines to evaluate algorithms from different classes on test functions. CAAI relies on well-defined interfaces to enable the integration of additional modules and reduce implementation effort. Finally, an implementation based on Docker, Kubernetes, and Kafka for the virtualization and orchestration of the individual modules and as messaging technology for module communication is used to evaluate a real-world use case.}},
  author       = {{Strohschein, Jan and Fischbach, Andreas and Bunte, Andreas and Faeskorn-Woyke, Heide and Moriz, Natalia and Bartz-Beielstein, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology}},
  issn         = {{1433-3015}},
  keywords     = {{Cognition, Industry 40, Big data platform, Machine learning, CPPS, Optimization, Algorithm selection, Simulation}},
  number       = {{11-12}},
  pages        = {{3513--3532}},
  publisher    = {{Springer }},
  title        = {{{Cognitive capabilities for the CAAI in cyber-physical production systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00170-021-07248-3}},
  volume       = {{115}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{5435,
  abstract     = {{Towards renewable energy systems, the coupling of multiple sectors is important and incorporates novel technologies where currently no models exist that correctly represent all transient effects. Therefore, we present a method that incorporates Hardware-in-the-Loop simulations where virtual components as models are coupled to real and experimental facilities in real time. By including experimental components, a higher validity can be obtained and the practical applicability of renewable energy scenario can be discussed more profoundly. In this paper, the considered energy system consists of an experimental biocatalytic methanation reactor, a real photovoltaic park, a regenerative fuel cell and short-term storage units to supply a residential district. A representative control sequence of the methanator is obtained by modeling the scenario as an optimal control problem. A first HIL simulation highlights that modifications of the instrumentation are required for a grid injection of the generated methane. The scientific approach can be applied to any energy system where some of the considered components are available as experimental or real facilities. Non-exisiting components are simply replaced by models. The presented approach helps to determine which parts or process parameters are crucial for the planed operation before the overall energy system is realized on a larger scale. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
  author       = {{Griese, Martin and Hoffrath, Marc Philippe and Broeker, Timo and Schulte, Thomas and Schneider, Jan}},
  issn         = {{1873-6785}},
  journal      = {{Energy : the international journal}},
  keywords     = {{Biological methanation, Energy management, HIL simulation, Optimization, Scalable models}},
  location     = {{Guimaraes, PORTUGAL}},
  pages        = {{77 -- 90}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation of an optimized energy management incorporating an experimental biocatalytic methanation reactor}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.092}},
  volume       = {{181}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@inproceedings{686,
  abstract     = {{A high level of productivity for current and future services is a critical success factor for companies. When the productivity of services is unknown or incorrect, resources are wasted and opportunities are missed. To respond to this challenge, a simulation modelfor the prospective description of a complex service provision was developed in order to support companies to create a robust offering of services.Focusing on the domain of factory planning, we illustrate howan extended Stochastic Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem(SRCPSP) can be applied for developing proposals. The presented validation study confirms that the approach is capable to calculate and optimize the planning objectives when developing a service for complex engineering projects}},
  author       = {{Tackenberg, Sven and Duckwitz, Sönke and Gamber, Thilo Gerhard}},
  booktitle    = {{Production Engineering and Management}},
  editor       = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-03-0}},
  keywords     = {{SRCPSP, Simulation, Petri Nets, Proposal development}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{271--281}},
  title        = {{{Robust Planning of the Provision of complex Services}}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@techreport{656,
  abstract     = {{Die Anforderungen an die Gestaltung von Montagesystemen verändern sich. Dazu tragen kürzer werdende Innovations- und Produktlebenszyklen sowie eine zunehmende Variantenvielfalt bei, mit der eine Montage von kleinen Losen bis hin zur kundenindividuellen Montage einhergeht.}},
  author       = {{Unrau, Alexander and Riediger, Daniel and Hinrichsen, Sven}},
  keywords     = {{CAD, PPS, Prozessdaten, Simulation}},
  publisher    = {{REFA}},
  title        = {{{Projektionsgestützte Assistenzsysteme in der manuellen Montage}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{472,
  abstract     = {{In the context of Industrie 4.0 respectively direct digital manufacturing, seamless process chains are an important factor. The objective is to shorten the time between quoting for individually designed products and their production and delivery. Therefore, reliable automated and fast evaluation procedures are needed to ensure the quality of the individually designed products in terms of product safety and reliability. This paper aims 
to demonstrate how a metamodel, generated on simulated data, adapts to the type of product and delivers the required quality and evaluation procedure. The metamodel guarantees the requested characteristics of the final product without the consultation of human expert knowledge. As proof of concept, a simple, well-documented  task from the field of construction has been chosen. The estimation from of the metamodel will meet all safety  requirements, is based on the individual input variables and is confirmed without expert interaction. Fast, reliable prediction models deriving from complex simulation models are indispensable conditions for direct digital manufacturing. Using metamodels in automation contexts will be a foundation of manufacturing in future.}},
  author       = {{Scheideler, Eva and Ahlemeyer-Stubbe, Andrea}},
  booktitle    = {{Production engineering and management : proceedings 6th international conference, September 29 and 30, 2016 Lemgo, Germany }},
  editor       = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}},
  keywords     = {{Simulation, Metamodel, Computer experiment, Design of experiments}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{269--280}},
  publisher    = {{Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe}},
  title        = {{{Expert Knowledge Systems to Ensure Quality and Reliability in Direct Digital Manufacturing Enviroments}}},
  volume       = {{2016}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@phdthesis{421,
  abstract     = {{Es wird ein agentenbasiertes Planungsverfahren vorgestellt, das die Vereinbarkeit von Berufs- und Privatleben des Personals besser als bisher gewährleisten soll. Dabei wird durch eine Verbesserung der Einsatzzeitplanung sowohl den individuellen Präferenzen des Personals als auch einer fairen Berücksichtigung der Arbeitszeitwünsche Rechnung getragen. Hinsichtlich der betrieblichen Anforderungen und deren Erfüllung durch die geplanten Einsatzzeiten des Personals erfolgt eine dynamische Bewertung der Arbeitsabläufe mit Hilfe der personalorientierten Simulation.

Dissertation am Institut für Arbeitswissenschaft und Betriebsorganisation (Karlsruhe): Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Arbeitswissenschaft und Betriebsorganisation der Universität Karlsruhe ; Bd. 44}},
  author       = {{Gamber, Thilo Gerhard}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-8440-3518-6}},
  keywords     = {{Arbeitszeitgestaltung, Personaleinsatz, Simulation}},
  pages        = {{289}},
  publisher    = {{Shaker Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur agentenbasierten Einsatzzeitgestaltung}}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

@inproceedings{422,
  author       = {{Gamber, Thilo Gerhard and Zülch, Gert}},
  booktitle    = {{Simulation in production and logistics 2015}},
  editor       = {{Rabe, Markus and Clausen, Uwe}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-8396-0936-1}},
  keywords     = {{Produktion, Logistik, Simulation}},
  location     = {{Dortmund}},
  pages        = {{711--720}},
  publisher    = {{Fraunhofer Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Agentenbasierte Planung und simulationsunterstützte Bewertung praferenzorientierter Einsatzzeiten des Personals }}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

@misc{11225,
  author       = {{Düchs, Dominik and Brunklaus, Sabine and Spang, Peter and Ritzi-Lehnert, Marion and Drese, Klaus S.}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the ASME 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels - 2011 : presented at 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels, June 19 - 22, 2011, Edmonton, Canada}},
  isbn         = {{ 978-0-7918-4464-9 }},
  keywords     = {{CFD-Simulation}},
  location     = {{Edmonton, Alberta, Canada }},
  pages        = {{151--153}},
  publisher    = {{American Society of Mechanical Engineers}},
  title        = {{{Numerical study of micromixers for stopped flow}}},
  doi          = {{10.1115/ICNMM2011-58128}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@inbook{5932,
  abstract     = {{Groupage transports are frequently calculated based on freight rates assuming a declining rate with respect to volume and to transportation distance. This paper investigates the case of feeding many small shipments to customers via a freight forwarder network. It is argued that costs for post-carriage transport dominate other costs. Based on a theoretical estimate, simulation experiments for the case of a uniform distribution of customer locations around the subsidiary with a fixed shipment size per drop suggest that the aggregate costs grow progressively with increasing customer drop distances from the subsidiary. The resulting implications for transport modelling are discussed.}},
  author       = {{Boone, Nicholas and Quisbrock, Tim}},
  booktitle    = {{Advanced manufacturing and sustainable logistics : proceedings / 8th International Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, IHNS 2010, Paderborn}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-642-12461-7}},
  keywords     = {{cost-by-cause principle, freight forwarder, freight rates, network, overhead costs, pricing, simulation, transport}},
  location     = {{Paderborn}},
  pages        = {{332--344}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Modelling post-carriage transport costs in groupage networks}}},
  doi          = {{doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12494-5_30}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@inproceedings{617,
  abstract     = {{The production of high quality, customer-oriented but equally competitive products should encourage the manufacturers of construction materials to ensure that the non value-adding activities are continuously reduced within production. Against
this background, an approach was developed, based on a combination of static value stream mapping and dynamic simulation. By means of a pilot study from a company of the construction materials industry, the developed approach is presented.}},
  author       = {{Börkircher, Mikko and Gamber, Thilo Gerhard}},
  booktitle    = {{Integrationsaspekte der Simulation: Technik, Orgnisation und Personal, Karlsruhe, 7. und 8. Oktober 2010 = Integration Aspects of Simulation: Equipment, Organization and Personnell, Karlsruhe, 7th and 8th October 2010.}},
  editor       = {{Zülch, G.}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-86644-558-1}},
  keywords     = {{Simulation, Automobilindustrie, Digitale Fabrik, Logistiksysteme, Bauindustrie}},
  location     = {{Karlsruhe}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{405--412}},
  publisher    = {{KIT}},
  title        = {{{Simulationsunterstütztes Wertstromdesign: Ansatz zur Steigerung des Wertschöpfungspotenzials in der Baustoffindustrie}}},
  doi          = {{ DOI: 10.5445/KSP/1000019635 }},
  year         = {{2010}},
}

@inproceedings{486,
  abstract     = {{Growing market demands on enterprises and the resulting challenges for their organization have been discussed for many years now. The flexibilty and mutability of an enterprise are thereby considered as a significant factor for success.}},
  author       = {{Zülch, Gert and Gamber, Thilo Gerhard and Stock, Patricia}},
  booktitle    = {{Advances in Production Management Systems}},
  editor       = {{Olhager, Jan and Persson, Fredrik}},
  isbn         = {{978-0-387-74157-4}},
  keywords     = {{production planning and control, decision-making system, personnel-oriented simulation}},
  location     = {{Linköping}},
  pages        = {{337--344}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Methodology for the Analysis of Simulation-Based Decision-Making in the Manufacturing Area}}},
  year         = {{2007}},
}

