---
_id: '14042'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "This paper investigates co-creativity in architectural robotics through\r\na
design-research experiment that repositions the robot from a fabrication tool\r\nto
an active collaborator in spatial exploration. A turn-based assembly process\r\nenables
a human designer and a robotic arm to alternately place modular bricks\r\nwithin
a shared three-dimensional environment. Each move is evaluated through\r\ncomputational
rules—support, stability, and collision—and interpreted in real\r\ntime via an
AI image-to-image diffusion model. This sequential exchange\r\nestablishes a reciprocal
design dialogue: the human reads the robot’s action as\r\na spatial proposition,
while the robot responds to the evolving structure.\r\nCreative agency becomes
distributed across human and machine, encouraging\r\nreflection on intent and
positioning robotic intelligence as a source of suggestion\r\nrather than execution.
By prioritizing responsiveness and interpretation over\r\nefficiency, the research
challenges conventional file-to-factory paradigms and\r\nframes robotics as an
active participant in design thinking. It contributes to\r\ndiscussions on human–machine
collaboration by proposing co-creative robotics\r\nas a framework for rethinking
authorship in architecture.\r\nKeywords. Human–robot Collaboration, Co-Creation,
Computational\r\nCreativity, Robotic Fabrication, Artificial Intelligence, Digital
Fabrication,\r\nGenerative Models, Discrete Assembly, Human–Machine Interaction."
author:
- first_name: Hans
full_name: Sachs, Hans
id: '64589'
last_name: Sachs
- first_name: Yusuf
full_name: Aykin, Yusuf
id: '84542'
last_name: Aykin
- first_name: Victor
full_name: Sardenberg, Victor
last_name: Sardenberg
- first_name: Bo
full_name: Schneider, Bo
id: '86766'
last_name: Schneider
citation:
ama: Sachs H, Aykin Y, Sardenberg V, Schneider B. Co-Creative Robotics Turn-Based
Human–Robot Assembly for Architectural Design Exploration. Vol 44. 1st ed.
(eCAADe eCaade, ed.). CumInCAD; 2026:357-366.
apa: Sachs, H., Aykin, Y., Sardenberg, V., & Schneider, B. (2026). Co-Creative
Robotics Turn-Based Human–Robot Assembly for Architectural Design Exploration.
In eCaade eCAADe (Ed.), eCAADe 2026 - Informed creativity in architecture
and engineering (1st ed., Vol. 44, pp. 357–366). CumInCAD.
bjps: 'Sachs H et al. (2026) Co-Creative Robotics Turn-Based Human–Robot
Assembly for Architectural Design Exploration, 1st ed., eCAADe eCaade (ed.).
CumInCAD: CumInCAD.'
chicago: 'Sachs, Hans, Yusuf Aykin, Victor Sardenberg, and Bo Schneider. Co-Creative
Robotics Turn-Based Human–Robot Assembly for Architectural Design Exploration.
Edited by eCaade eCAADe. ECAADe 2026 - Informed Creativity in Architecture
and Engineering. 1st ed. Vol. 44. 2. CumInCAD: CumInCAD, 2026.'
chicago-de: 'Sachs, Hans, Yusuf Aykin, Victor Sardenberg und Bo Schneider. 2026.
Co-Creative Robotics Turn-Based Human–Robot Assembly for Architectural Design
Exploration. Hg. von eCaade eCAADe. eCAADe 2026 - Informed creativity in
architecture and engineering. 1. Aufl. Bd. 44. 2. CumInCAD: CumInCAD.'
din1505-2-1: 'Sachs, Hans ; Aykin, Yusuf ; Sardenberg,
Victor ; Schneider, Bo ;
eCAADe, eCaade (Hrsg.): Co-Creative
Robotics Turn-Based Human–Robot Assembly for Architectural Design Exploration,
2. Bd. 44. 1. Aufl. CumInCAD : CumInCAD, 2026'
havard: H. Sachs, Y. Aykin, V. Sardenberg, B. Schneider, Co-Creative Robotics Turn-Based
Human–Robot Assembly for Architectural Design Exploration, 1st ed., CumInCAD,
CumInCAD, 2026.
ieee: 'H. Sachs, Y. Aykin, V. Sardenberg, and B. Schneider, Co-Creative Robotics
Turn-Based Human–Robot Assembly for Architectural Design Exploration, 1st
ed., vol. 44. CumInCAD: CumInCAD, 2026, pp. 357–366.'
mla: Sachs, Hans, et al. “Co-Creative Robotics Turn-Based Human–Robot Assembly for
Architectural Design Exploration.” ECAADe 2026 - Informed Creativity in Architecture
and Engineering, edited by eCaade eCAADe, 1st ed., vol. 44, CumInCAD, 2026,
pp. 357–66.
short: H. Sachs, Y. Aykin, V. Sardenberg, B. Schneider, Co-Creative Robotics Turn-Based
Human–Robot Assembly for Architectural Design Exploration, 1st ed., CumInCAD,
CumInCAD, 2026.
ufg: 'Sachs, Hans u. a.: Co-Creative Robotics Turn-Based Human–Robot Assembly
for Architectural Design Exploration, Bd. 44, hg. von eCAADe, eCaade, CumInCAD
12026 (2).'
van: 'Sachs H, Aykin Y, Sardenberg V, Schneider B. Co-Creative Robotics Turn-Based
Human–Robot Assembly for Architectural Design Exploration. 1st ed. eCAADe eCaade,
editor. eCAADe 2026 - Informed creativity in architecture and engineering. CumInCAD:
CumInCAD; 2026. (2; vol. 44).'
conference:
end_date: 11.09.2026
location: Lübeck
name: eCAADe (44th)
start_date: 07.09.2026
date_created: 2026-09-17T15:06:05Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T15:06:14Z
ddc:
- '600'
department:
- _id: DEP1055
edition: '1'
editor:
- first_name: eCaade
full_name: eCAADe, eCaade
last_name: eCAADe
file:
- access_level: open_access
content_type: application/pdf
creator: fpq-3n9
date_created: 2026-09-17T15:05:07Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T15:05:07Z
file_id: '14043'
file_name: ecaade2026_93.pdf
file_size: 4192370
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-17T15:05:07Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 44'
keyword:
- Co Creative Robots
- Collaborative Robots
- Design
- Architecture
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
page: 357-366
place: CumInCAD
publication: eCAADe 2026 - Informed creativity in architecture and engineering
publication_status: published
publisher: CumInCAD
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: research_paper
url: https://papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/ecaade2026_93
series_title: '2'
status: public
title: Co-Creative Robotics Turn-Based Human–Robot Assembly for Architectural Design
Exploration
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '64589'
volume: 44
year: '2026'
...