---
_id: '10962'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The increasing number of product artifacts (e.g., mechanical or electronic
    components, software functions, documents) confronts small and medium-sized companies
    with the challenge of assessing change effects. The lack of knowledge of artifact
    relationships causes problems, such as outdated documentation, lack of coordination
    with affected disciplines, or delayed changes. The Design Structure Matrix (DSM)
    can clearly represent the elements and relationships of complex systems. This
    paper presents an assistance system for intuitive visualization of engineering
    change effects using existing DSM-based methods for complexity management. The
    implemented algorithms compute graph layouts, cluster analyses, and change predictions
    in the form of change risk, time, and cost. An application example of a 3D-printed
    intelligent lamp demonstrates the approach's viability. The paper concludes with
    a discussion of the benefits and future activities.
author:
- first_name: Jan-Phillip
  full_name: Herrmann, Jan-Phillip
  id: '75846'
  last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Tackenberg, Sven
  id: '71470'
  last_name: Tackenberg
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Trojanowski, Christoph
  last_name: Trojanowski
- first_name: Carolin
  full_name: Pankrath, Carolin
  last_name: Pankrath
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Imort, Sebastian
  id: '74291'
  last_name: Imort
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Deuter, Andreas
  id: '62088'
  last_name: Deuter
  orcid: 0000-0002-6529-6215
citation:
  ama: Herrmann JP, Tackenberg S, Trojanowski C, Pankrath C, Imort S, Deuter A. <i>Assistance
    System for Graph-Based 3D Visualization of Design Structure Matrices</i>. (Stowe
    H, Browning TR, Eppinger SD, et al., eds.). The Design Society; 2023:58-67. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.35199/dsm2023.07">10.35199/dsm2023.07</a>
  apa: 'Herrmann, J.-P., Tackenberg, S., Trojanowski, C., Pankrath, C., Imort, S.,
    &#38; Deuter, A. (2023). Assistance System for graph-based 3D Visualization of
    Design Structure Matrices. In H. Stowe, T. R. Browning, S. D. Eppinger, J. Trauer,
    C. Langner, M. Kreimeyer, O. Isaksson, M. Panarotto, &#38; A. Brahma (Eds.), <i>DS
    126: Proceedings of the 25th International DSM Conference (DSM 2023)</i> (pp.
    58–67). The Design Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.35199/dsm2023.07">https://doi.org/10.35199/dsm2023.07</a>'
  bjps: <b>Herrmann J-P <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) <i>Assistance System for Graph-Based
    3D Visualization of Design Structure Matrices</i>, Stowe H et al. (eds). The Design
    Society.
  chicago: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, Sven Tackenberg, Christoph Trojanowski, Carolin
    Pankrath, Sebastian Imort, and Andreas Deuter. <i>Assistance System for Graph-Based
    3D Visualization of Design Structure Matrices</i>. Edited by Harold Stowe, Tyson
    R. Browning, Steven D. Eppinger, Jakob Trauer, Christopher Langner, Matthias Kreimeyer,
    Ola Isaksson, Massimo Panarotto, and Arindam Brahma. <i>DS 126: Proceedings of
    the 25th International DSM Conference (DSM 2023)</i>. The Design Society, 2023.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.35199/dsm2023.07">https://doi.org/10.35199/dsm2023.07</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, Sven Tackenberg, Christoph Trojanowski, Carolin
    Pankrath, Sebastian Imort und Andreas Deuter. 2023. <i>Assistance System for graph-based
    3D Visualization of Design Structure Matrices</i>. Hg. von Harold Stowe, Tyson
    R. Browning, Steven D. Eppinger, Jakob Trauer, Christopher Langner, Matthias Kreimeyer,
    Ola Isaksson, Massimo Panarotto, und Arindam Brahma. <i>DS 126: Proceedings of
    the 25th International DSM Conference (DSM 2023)</i>. The Design Society. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.35199/dsm2023.07">10.35199/dsm2023.07</a>, .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Herrmann, Jan-Phillip</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Tackenberg, Sven</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Trojanowski,
    Christoph</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pankrath, Carolin</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Imort, Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Deuter,
    Andreas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Stowe,
    H.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Browning, T. R.</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Eppinger, S. D.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Trauer,
    J.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Langner, C.</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kreimeyer, M.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Isaksson,
    O.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Panarotto, M.</span> ; u. a.</span>
    (Hrsg.): <i>Assistance System for graph-based 3D Visualization of Design Structure
    Matrices</i> : The Design Society, 2023'
  havard: J.-P. Herrmann, S. Tackenberg, C. Trojanowski, C. Pankrath, S. Imort, A.
    Deuter, Assistance System for graph-based 3D Visualization of Design Structure
    Matrices, The Design Society, 2023.
  ieee: 'J.-P. Herrmann, S. Tackenberg, C. Trojanowski, C. Pankrath, S. Imort, and
    A. Deuter, <i>Assistance System for graph-based 3D Visualization of Design Structure
    Matrices</i>. The Design Society, 2023, pp. 58–67. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.35199/dsm2023.07">10.35199/dsm2023.07</a>.'
  mla: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, et al. “Assistance System for Graph-Based 3D Visualization
    of Design Structure Matrices.” <i>DS 126: Proceedings of the 25th International
    DSM Conference (DSM 2023)</i>, edited by Harold Stowe et al., The Design Society,
    2023, pp. 58–67, <a href="https://doi.org/10.35199/dsm2023.07">https://doi.org/10.35199/dsm2023.07</a>.'
  short: J.-P. Herrmann, S. Tackenberg, C. Trojanowski, C. Pankrath, S. Imort, A.
    Deuter, Assistance System for Graph-Based 3D Visualization of Design Structure
    Matrices, The Design Society, 2023.
  ufg: '<b>Herrmann, Jan-Phillip u. a.</b>: Assistance System for graph-based 3D Visualization
    of Design Structure Matrices, hg. von Stowe, Harold u. a., o. O. 2023.'
  van: 'Herrmann JP, Tackenberg S, Trojanowski C, Pankrath C, Imort S, Deuter A. Assistance
    System for graph-based 3D Visualization of Design Structure Matrices. Stowe H,
    Browning TR, Eppinger SD, Trauer J, Langner C, Kreimeyer M, et al., editors. DS
    126: Proceedings of the 25th International DSM Conference (DSM 2023). The Design
    Society; 2023.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-10-05
  location: Gothenburg, Sweden
  name: 25th International Dependency and Structure Modeling Conference (DSM)
  start_date: 2023-10-03
date_created: 2024-01-24T10:17:16Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T07:55:50Z
department:
- _id: DEP7022
- _id: DEP1306
- _id: DEP7001
doi: 10.35199/dsm2023.07
editor:
- first_name: Harold
  full_name: Stowe, Harold
  last_name: Stowe
- first_name: Tyson R.
  full_name: Browning, Tyson R.
  last_name: Browning
- first_name: Steven D.
  full_name: Eppinger, Steven D.
  last_name: Eppinger
- first_name: Jakob
  full_name: Trauer, Jakob
  last_name: Trauer
- first_name: Christopher
  full_name: Langner, Christopher
  last_name: Langner
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Kreimeyer, Matthias
  last_name: Kreimeyer
- first_name: Ola
  full_name: Isaksson, Ola
  last_name: Isaksson
- first_name: Massimo
  full_name: Panarotto, Massimo
  last_name: Panarotto
- first_name: Arindam
  full_name: Brahma, Arindam
  last_name: Brahma
keyword:
- Graph-based Visualization
- Assistance System
- Engineering Change Management
- Complexity Management
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/46879/Assistance+System+for+graph-based+3D+Visualization+of+Design+Structure+Matrices
oa: '1'
page: 58-67
publication: 'DS 126: Proceedings of the 25th International DSM Conference (DSM 2023)'
publication_status: published
publisher: The Design Society
status: public
title: Assistance System for graph-based 3D Visualization of Design Structure Matrices
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '10585'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Low-code programming allows the creation of software applications using a
    graphical user interface with minimal classical programming code ("low code")
    and without requiring extensive programming knowledge. This puts it in contrast
    to previous generations of programming languages. The advantages of low-code development
    are manifold, including the increase of software development capacities through
    a partial decentralization of the development process, speeding up software development
    through the low-code approach, and designing software with a strong user-centric
    focus. Using a low-code development platform can help companies adapt their own
    business processes to changing requirements more quickly and to make complexity
    resulting, for example, from heterogeneous customer wishes, manageable. Since
    many low-code development platforms are available, it is not easy for companies
    to select and successfully introduce a platform that meets their requirements.
    For this reason, this article presents a procedure model that assists in the process
    of selecting and implementing a platform.
author:
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Hinrichsen, Sven
  id: '49010'
  last_name: Hinrichsen
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Nikolenko, Alexander
  id: '71431'
  last_name: Nikolenko
- first_name: Kai Leon
  full_name: Becker, Kai Leon
  last_name: Becker
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Adrian, Benjamin
  id: '42266'
  last_name: Adrian
citation:
  ama: Hinrichsen S, Nikolenko A, Becker KL, Adrian B. <i>How to Select and Implement
    a Suitable Low-Code Development Platform</i>. (Karwowski W, Ahram T, Milicevic
    M, Etinger D, Zubrinic K, eds.). AHFE International; 2023. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004155">10.54941/ahfe1004155</a>
  apa: 'Hinrichsen, S., Nikolenko, A., Becker, K. L., &#38; Adrian, B. (2023). How
    to select and implement a suitable Low-Code Development Platform. In W. Karwowski,
    T. Ahram, M. Milicevic, D. Etinger, &#38; K. Zubrinic (Eds.), <i>Human Systems
    Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends and Applications</i>. AHFE
    International. <a href="https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004155">https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004155</a>'
  bjps: <b>Hinrichsen S <i>et al.</i></b> (2023) <i>How to Select and Implement a
    Suitable Low-Code Development Platform</i>, Karwowski W et al. (eds). AHFE International.
  chicago: 'Hinrichsen, Sven, Alexander Nikolenko, Kai Leon Becker, and Benjamin Adrian.
    <i>How to Select and Implement a Suitable Low-Code Development Platform</i>. Edited
    by Waldemar Karwowski, Tareq Ahram, Mario Milicevic, Darko Etinger, and Krunoslav
    Zubrinic. <i>Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends
    and Applications</i>. AHFE International, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004155">https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004155</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Hinrichsen, Sven, Alexander Nikolenko, Kai Leon Becker und Benjamin
    Adrian. 2023. <i>How to select and implement a suitable Low-Code Development Platform</i>.
    Hg. von Waldemar Karwowski, Tareq Ahram, Mario Milicevic, Darko Etinger, und Krunoslav
    Zubrinic. <i>Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends
    and Applications</i>. AHFE International. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004155">10.54941/ahfe1004155</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hinrichsen, Sven</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Nikolenko, Alexander</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Becker,
    Kai Leon</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Adrian, Benjamin</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Karwowski, W.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ahram,
    T.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Milicevic, M.</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Etinger, D.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Zubrinic,
    K.</span> (Hrsg.): <i>How to select and implement a suitable Low-Code Development
    Platform</i> : AHFE International, 2023'
  havard: S. Hinrichsen, A. Nikolenko, K.L. Becker, B. Adrian, How to select and implement
    a suitable Low-Code Development Platform, AHFE International, 2023.
  ieee: 'S. Hinrichsen, A. Nikolenko, K. L. Becker, and B. Adrian, <i>How to select
    and implement a suitable Low-Code Development Platform</i>. AHFE International,
    2023. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004155">10.54941/ahfe1004155</a>.'
  mla: 'Hinrichsen, Sven, et al. “How to Select and Implement a Suitable Low-Code
    Development Platform.” <i>Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future
    Trends and Applications</i>, edited by Waldemar Karwowski et al., AHFE International,
    2023, <a href="https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004155">https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004155</a>.'
  short: S. Hinrichsen, A. Nikolenko, K.L. Becker, B. Adrian, How to Select and Implement
    a Suitable Low-Code Development Platform, AHFE International, 2023.
  ufg: '<b>Hinrichsen, Sven u. a.</b>: How to select and implement a suitable Low-Code
    Development Platform, hg. von Karwowski, Waldemar u. a., o. O. 2023.'
  van: 'Hinrichsen S, Nikolenko A, Becker KL, Adrian B. How to select and implement
    a suitable Low-Code Development Platform. Karwowski W, Ahram T, Milicevic M, Etinger
    D, Zubrinic K, editors. Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future
    Trends and Applications. AHFE International; 2023.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-09-29
  location: Dubrovnik
  name: IHSED 2023
  start_date: 2023-09-27
date_created: 2023-10-25T09:31:08Z
date_updated: 2023-10-25T09:31:31Z
department:
- _id: DEP7020
- _id: DEP1305
doi: 10.54941/ahfe1004155
editor:
- first_name: Waldemar
  full_name: Karwowski, Waldemar
  last_name: Karwowski
- first_name: Tareq
  full_name: Ahram, Tareq
  last_name: Ahram
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: Milicevic, Mario
  last_name: Milicevic
- first_name: Darko
  full_name: Etinger, Darko
  last_name: Etinger
- first_name: Krunoslav
  full_name: Zubrinic, Krunoslav
  last_name: Zubrinic
keyword:
- Complexity Management
- Low-Code Development Platform
- Process Model for Selection and Implementation
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: 'Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends and
  Applications'
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-1-958651-88-9
  issn:
  - 2771-0718
publication_status: published
publisher: AHFE International
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: How to select and implement a suitable Low-Code Development Platform
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83780'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '7035'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Technological progress, upcoming cyber-physical systems, and limited resources
    confront small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with the challenge of complexity
    management in product development projects spanning over the entire product lifecycle.
    SMEs require a solution for documenting and analyzing the functional relationships
    between multiple domains such as products, software, and processes. The German
    research project FuPEP “Funktionsorientiertes Komplexitätsmanagement in allen
    Phasen der Produktentstehung” aims to address this issue by developing an assistance
    system that supports product developers by visualizing functional relationships.
    This paper presents the methodology and results of the assistance system’s requirements
    elicitation with two SMEs. Conducting the elicitation during a global pandemic,
    we discuss its application using specific techniques in light of COVID-19. We
    model problems and their effects regarding complexity management in product development
    in a system dynamics model. The most important requirements and use cases elicited
    are presented, and the requirements elicitation methodology and results are discussed.
    Additionally, we present a multilayer software architecture design of the assistance
    system. Our case study suggests a relationship between fear of a missing project
    focus among project participants and the restriction of requirements elicitation
    techniques to those possible via web conferencing tools.
article_number: '149'
author:
- first_name: Jan-Phillip
  full_name: Herrmann, Jan-Phillip
  id: '75846'
  last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Imort, Sebastian
  id: '74291'
  last_name: Imort
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Trojanowski, Christoph
  last_name: Trojanowski
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Deuter, Andreas
  id: '62088'
  last_name: Deuter
  orcid: 0000-0002-6529-6215
citation:
  ama: 'Herrmann JP, Imort S, Trojanowski C, Deuter A. Requirements Elicitation for
    an Assistance System for Complexity Management in Product Development of SMEs
    during COVID-19: A Case Study. <i>Computers</i>. 2021;10(11). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10110149">10.3390/computers10110149</a>'
  apa: 'Herrmann, J.-P., Imort, S., Trojanowski, C., &#38; Deuter, A. (2021). Requirements
    Elicitation for an Assistance System for Complexity Management in Product Development
    of SMEs during COVID-19: A Case Study. <i>Computers</i>, <i>10</i>(11), Article
    149. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10110149">https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10110149</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Herrmann J-P <i>et al.</i></b> (2021) Requirements Elicitation for an
    Assistance System for Complexity Management in Product Development of SMEs during
    COVID-19: A Case Study. <i>Computers</i> <b>10</b>.'
  chicago: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, Sebastian Imort, Christoph Trojanowski, and Andreas
    Deuter. “Requirements Elicitation for an Assistance System for Complexity Management
    in Product Development of SMEs during COVID-19: A Case Study.” <i>Computers</i>
    10, no. 11 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10110149">https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10110149</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, Sebastian Imort, Christoph Trojanowski und Andreas
    Deuter. 2021. Requirements Elicitation for an Assistance System for Complexity
    Management in Product Development of SMEs during COVID-19: A Case Study. <i>Computers</i>
    10, Nr. 11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10110149">10.3390/computers10110149</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Herrmann, Jan-Phillip</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Imort, Sebastian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Trojanowski,
    Christoph</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Deuter, Andreas</span>:
    Requirements Elicitation for an Assistance System for Complexity Management in
    Product Development of SMEs during COVID-19: A Case Study. In: <i>Computers</i>
    Bd. 10 (2021), Nr. 11'
  havard: 'J.-P. Herrmann, S. Imort, C. Trojanowski, A. Deuter, Requirements Elicitation
    for an Assistance System for Complexity Management in Product Development of SMEs
    during COVID-19: A Case Study, Computers. 10 (2021).'
  ieee: 'J.-P. Herrmann, S. Imort, C. Trojanowski, and A. Deuter, “Requirements Elicitation
    for an Assistance System for Complexity Management in Product Development of SMEs
    during COVID-19: A Case Study,” <i>Computers</i>, vol. 10, no. 11, Art. no. 149,
    2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10110149">10.3390/computers10110149</a>.'
  mla: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, et al. “Requirements Elicitation for an Assistance
    System for Complexity Management in Product Development of SMEs during COVID-19:
    A Case Study.” <i>Computers</i>, vol. 10, no. 11, 149, 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10110149">https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10110149</a>.'
  short: J.-P. Herrmann, S. Imort, C. Trojanowski, A. Deuter, Computers 10 (2021).
  ufg: '<b>Herrmann, Jan-Phillip u. a.</b>: Requirements Elicitation for an Assistance
    System for Complexity Management in Product Development of SMEs during COVID-19:
    A Case Study, in: <i>Computers</i> 10 (2021), H. 11.'
  van: 'Herrmann JP, Imort S, Trojanowski C, Deuter A. Requirements Elicitation for
    an Assistance System for Complexity Management in Product Development of SMEs
    during COVID-19: A Case Study. Computers. 2021;10(11).'
date_created: 2022-02-08T14:48:19Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T13:37:00Z
department:
- _id: DEP7020
- _id: DEP7022
- _id: DEP1306
doi: 10.3390/computers10110149
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000727073200001'
intvolume: '        10'
isi: '1'
issue: '11'
keyword:
- complexity management
- assistance system
- product development
- systems engineering
- design structure matrix
- asset administration shell
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Computers
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2073-431X
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Requirements Elicitation for an Assistance System for Complexity Management
  in Product Development of SMEs during COVID-19: A Case Study'
type: journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 10
year: '2021'
...