---
_id: '13648'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Attitudes are a core construct of social psychology, and research showed that
    attitudes can be acquired by merely pairing neutral stimuli with other liked or
    disliked stimuli (i.e., evaluative conditioning, EC). In this research we address
    the role of different memory processes contributing to EC. Although it is commonly
    found that memory for the pairings increases EC, we argue that memory performance
    data obtained in the standard paradigm remain ambiguous. We hypothesize that memory
    for stimulus pairings may moderate EC by means of an intentional use of conscious
    recollection as well as through unintended effects of memory. In two experiments
    we used modified memory tests that distinguish between these different memory
    processes on an item-level by identifying recollection as the participant's ability
    to control memory performance. The analyses of the experiments showed that both
    intended and unintended influences independently moderate EC. Based on these results
    we discuss the role of different memory processes in EC, and how memory and learning
    processes may be related.
author:
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Halbeisen, Georg
  id: '85780'
  last_name: Halbeisen
  orcid: 0000-0002-9529-2215
- first_name: Katarina
  full_name: Blask, Katarina
  last_name: Blask
- first_name: Rebecca
  full_name: Weil, Rebecca
  last_name: Weil
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Walther, Eva
  last_name: Walther
citation:
  ama: Halbeisen G, Blask K, Weil R, Walther E. The role of recollection in evaluative
    conditioning. <i>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology</i>. 2014;55:162-168.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005">10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005</a>
  apa: Halbeisen, G., Blask, K., Weil, R., &#38; Walther, E. (2014). The role of recollection
    in evaluative conditioning. <i>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology</i>,
    <i>55</i>, 162–168. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005</a>
  bjps: <b>Halbeisen G <i>et al.</i></b> (2014) The Role of Recollection in Evaluative
    Conditioning. <i>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology</i> <b>55</b>, 162–168.
  chicago: 'Halbeisen, Georg, Katarina Blask, Rebecca Weil, and Eva Walther. “The
    Role of Recollection in Evaluative Conditioning.” <i>Journal of Experimental Social
    Psychology</i> 55 (2014): 162–68. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Halbeisen, Georg, Katarina Blask, Rebecca Weil und Eva Walther. 2014.
    The role of recollection in evaluative conditioning. <i>Journal of Experimental
    Social Psychology</i> 55: 162–168. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005">10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Halbeisen, Georg</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Blask, Katarina</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Weil,
    Rebecca</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Walther, Eva</span>: The
    role of recollection in evaluative conditioning. In: <i>Journal of Experimental
    Social Psychology</i> Bd. 55. Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2014), S. 162–168'
  havard: G. Halbeisen, K. Blask, R. Weil, E. Walther, The role of recollection in
    evaluative conditioning, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 55 (2014)
    162–168.
  ieee: 'G. Halbeisen, K. Blask, R. Weil, and E. Walther, “The role of recollection
    in evaluative conditioning,” <i>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology</i>,
    vol. 55, pp. 162–168, 2014, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005">10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005</a>.'
  mla: Halbeisen, Georg, et al. “The Role of Recollection in Evaluative Conditioning.”
    <i>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology</i>, vol. 55, 2014, pp. 162–68, <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005</a>.
  short: G. Halbeisen, K. Blask, R. Weil, E. Walther, Journal of Experimental Social
    Psychology 55 (2014) 162–168.
  ufg: '<b>Halbeisen, Georg u. a.</b>: The role of recollection in evaluative conditioning,
    in: <i>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology</i> 55 (2014),  S. 162–168.'
  van: Halbeisen G, Blask K, Weil R, Walther E. The role of recollection in evaluative
    conditioning. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2014;55:162–8.
date_created: 2026-03-27T10:21:26Z
date_updated: 2026-03-27T13:53:34Z
department:
- _id: DEP1500
doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.005
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000343618000020'
intvolume: '        55'
isi: '1'
keyword:
- Evaluative conditioning
- Attitude
- Source awareness
- Contingency awareness
language:
- iso: eng
page: 162-168
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
publication: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1096-0465
  issn:
  - 0022-1031
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: The role of recollection in evaluative conditioning
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 55
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '13609'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to changes in the evaluation of a conditioned
    stimulus (CS) due to its repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus (US).
    One of the most debated topics in EC research is whether or not EC is dependent
    on contingency awareness. In this study, we go beyond this debate by examining
    whether contingency awareness mediates the impact of attentional resources and
    goal-directed attention on EC. Attentional resources were manipulated by presenting
    CSs and USs either within the same modality or in different modalities. Goal-directed
    attention was manipulated by asking participants to respond to the CSs or to the
    USs. Results indicate that the effect of goal-directed attention on EC is mediated
    by contingency awareness, whereas the effect of attentional resources on EC is
    not.
author:
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Blask, Katharina
  last_name: Blask
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Walther, Eva
  last_name: Walther
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Halbeisen, Georg
  id: '85780'
  last_name: Halbeisen
  orcid: 0000-0002-9529-2215
- first_name: Rebecca
  full_name: Weil, Rebecca
  last_name: Weil
citation:
  ama: 'Blask K, Walther E, Halbeisen G, Weil R. At the crossroads: Attention, contingency
    awareness, and evaluative conditioning. <i>Learning and Motivation</i>. 2012;43(3):99-106.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004">10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004</a>'
  apa: 'Blask, K., Walther, E., Halbeisen, G., &#38; Weil, R. (2012). At the crossroads:
    Attention, contingency awareness, and evaluative conditioning. <i>Learning and
    Motivation</i>, <i>43</i>(3), 99–106. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Blask K <i>et al.</i></b> (2012) At the Crossroads: Attention, Contingency
    Awareness, and Evaluative Conditioning. <i>Learning and Motivation</i> <b>43</b>,
    99–106.'
  chicago: 'Blask, Katharina, Eva Walther, Georg Halbeisen, and Rebecca Weil. “At
    the Crossroads: Attention, Contingency Awareness, and Evaluative Conditioning.”
    <i>Learning and Motivation</i> 43, no. 3 (2012): 99–106. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Blask, Katharina, Eva Walther, Georg Halbeisen und Rebecca Weil. 2012.
    At the crossroads: Attention, contingency awareness, and evaluative conditioning.
    <i>Learning and Motivation</i> 43, Nr. 3: 99–106. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004">10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Blask, Katharina</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Walther, Eva</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Halbeisen,
    Georg</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Weil, Rebecca</span>: At
    the crossroads: Attention, contingency awareness, and evaluative conditioning.
    In: <i>Learning and Motivation</i> Bd. 43. Orlando, Fla. , Academic Press (2012),
    Nr. 3, S. 99–106'
  havard: 'K. Blask, E. Walther, G. Halbeisen, R. Weil, At the crossroads: Attention,
    contingency awareness, and evaluative conditioning, Learning and Motivation. 43
    (2012) 99–106.'
  ieee: 'K. Blask, E. Walther, G. Halbeisen, and R. Weil, “At the crossroads: Attention,
    contingency awareness, and evaluative conditioning,” <i>Learning and Motivation</i>,
    vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 99–106, 2012, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004">10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004</a>.'
  mla: 'Blask, Katharina, et al. “At the Crossroads: Attention, Contingency Awareness,
    and Evaluative Conditioning.” <i>Learning and Motivation</i>, vol. 43, no. 3,
    2012, pp. 99–106, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004</a>.'
  short: K. Blask, E. Walther, G. Halbeisen, R. Weil, Learning and Motivation 43 (2012)
    99–106.
  ufg: '<b>Blask, Katharina u. a.</b>: At the crossroads: Attention, contingency awareness,
    and evaluative conditioning, in: <i>Learning and Motivation</i> 43 (2012), H.
    3,  S. 99–106.'
  van: 'Blask K, Walther E, Halbeisen G, Weil R. At the crossroads: Attention, contingency
    awareness, and evaluative conditioning. Learning and Motivation. 2012;43(3):99–106.'
date_created: 2026-03-25T13:36:32Z
date_updated: 2026-03-27T13:50:13Z
department:
- _id: DEP1500
doi: 10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.004
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000307607600003'
intvolume: '        43'
isi: '1'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Evaluative conditioning
- Contingency awareness
- Attentional resources
- Goal-directed attention
- Mediation
language:
- iso: eng
page: 99-106
place: 'Orlando, Fla. '
publication: Learning and Motivation
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1095-9122
  issn:
  - 0023-9690
publication_status: published
publisher: Academic Press
status: public
title: 'At the crossroads: Attention, contingency awareness, and evaluative conditioning'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 43
year: '2012'
...