@article{7035, abstract = {{Technological progress, upcoming cyber-physical systems, and limited resources confront small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with the challenge of complexity management in product development projects spanning over the entire product lifecycle. SMEs require a solution for documenting and analyzing the functional relationships between multiple domains such as products, software, and processes. The German research project FuPEP “Funktionsorientiertes Komplexitätsmanagement in allen Phasen der Produktentstehung” aims to address this issue by developing an assistance system that supports product developers by visualizing functional relationships. This paper presents the methodology and results of the assistance system’s requirements elicitation with two SMEs. Conducting the elicitation during a global pandemic, we discuss its application using specific techniques in light of COVID-19. We model problems and their effects regarding complexity management in product development in a system dynamics model. The most important requirements and use cases elicited are presented, and the requirements elicitation methodology and results are discussed. Additionally, we present a multilayer software architecture design of the assistance system. Our case study suggests a relationship between fear of a missing project focus among project participants and the restriction of requirements elicitation techniques to those possible via web conferencing tools.}}, author = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Imort, Sebastian and Trojanowski, Christoph and Deuter, Andreas}}, issn = {{2073-431X}}, journal = {{Computers}}, keywords = {{complexity management, assistance system, product development, systems engineering, design structure matrix, asset administration shell}}, number = {{11}}, title = {{{Requirements Elicitation for an Assistance System for Complexity Management in Product Development of SMEs during COVID-19: A Case Study}}}, doi = {{10.3390/computers10110149}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{7458, abstract = {{Smart services have become increasingly important in the last few years. The provision of smart services combined with product portfolios is advantageous because individual contexts of customers who use the products are addressed. While various and frequently changing data are collected and analyzed, specific knowledge is necessary to turn data into valuable information. A knowledge management system (KMS) adapted to requirements of provided smart services is necessary to aggregate, maintain, and provide knowledge. With a comprehensive literature review over 157 papers, we extracted requirements for KMS for smart services (Smart Service KMS). We present ten design principles derived from the requirements focusing on how tailored Smart Service KMS can be designed. We contribute to the theory by providing an overview about crucial requirements of Smart Service KMS. Practitioners can use our design principles to develop efficient Smart Service KMS}}, author = {{Dreyer, Sonja and Werth, Oliver and Olivotti, Daniel and Guhr, Nadine and Breitner, Michael H.}}, booktitle = {{e-Service Journal}}, issn = {{1528-8234}}, keywords = {{Design Principles, Design Science Research, Knowledge Management Systems, Smart Service KMS, Smart Services}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{27--67}}, publisher = {{Indiana University Press}}, title = {{{Knowledge Management Systems for Smart Services: A Synthesis of Design Principles }}}, doi = {{10.2979/eservicej.13.2.02}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{4897, abstract = {{Assistance is becoming increasingly relevant in carrying out industrial work in the context of cyber-physical production systems (CPPSs) and Industry 4.0. While assistance in a single task via a single interaction modality has been explored previously, crossdevice interaction could improve the quality of assistance, especially given the concurrent and distributed nature of work in CPPSs. In this paper, we present the theoretical foundations and implementation of MiWSICx (Middleware for Work Support in Industrial Contexts), a middleware that showcases how multiple interactive computing devices such as tablets, smartphones, augmented/virtual reality glasses, and wearables could be combined to provide crossdevice industrial assistance. Based on activity theory, MiWSICx models human work as activities combining multiple users, artifacts, and cyber-physical objects. MiWSICx is developed using the actor model for deployment on a variety of hardware alongside a CPPS to provide multiuser, crossdevice, multiactivity assistance.}}, author = {{Dhiman, Hitesh and Röcker, Carsten}}, issn = {{2288-4300 }}, journal = {{Journal of Computational Design and Engineering}}, keywords = {{human–technology interaction, human–computer interaction, crossdevice interaction, cyber-physical systems, assistance, smart factory, middleware, actor model, information system design, industry 4.0}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{428--451}}, publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}, title = {{{Middleware for providing activity-driven assistance in cyber-physical production systems}}}, doi = {{10.1093/jcde/qwaa088}}, volume = {{8}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{12790, abstract = {{n the last years, Additive Manufacturing, thanks to its capability of continuous improvements in performance and cost-efficiency, was able to partly replace and redefine well-established manufacturing processes. This research is based on the idea to achieve great cost and operational benefits especially in the field of tool making for injection molding by combining traditional and additive manufacturing in one process chain. Special attention is given to the surface quality in terms of surface roughness and its optimization directly in the Selective Laser Melting process. This article presents the possibility for a remelting process of the SLM parts as a way to optimize the surfaces of the produced parts. The influence of laser remelting on the surface roughness of the parts is analyzed while varying machine parameters like laser power and scan settings. Laser remelting with optimized parameter settings considerably improves the surface quality of SLM parts and is a great starting point for further post-processing techniques, which require a low initial value of surface roughness.}}, author = {{Simoni, Filippo and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing}}, issn = {{1572-8145}}, keywords = {{Direct rapid tooling, Toolmaking, Additive manufacturing process chain, Process control, Production systems, Selective laser melting, Surface roughness, Laser surface remelting}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{1927--1938}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media}}, title = {{{Improving surface quality in selective laser melting based tool making}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s10845-021-01744-9}}, volume = {{32}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inbook{6884, abstract = {{Product variety and short product life cycles are characteristic features of modern assembly systems. When variety gets very high, assembly processes usually become very complex, leading to time losses, human errors, and other negative impacts of system performance. In order to prevent such performance declines different informational assistance systems become part of manual assembly systems, offering additional instructions concerning handling and insertion. Otherwise, such systems can result in additional cognitive load rather than decreasing it. Using mobile physiological measures like heart rate variability (HRV) and eye movements just in time changes of overall cognitive load are detectable. As expected, these data indicate increases of mental workload when task demands are becoming more complex. Practical and theoretical concerns, limitations and chances will be discussed.}}, author = {{Bläsing, Dominic and Hinrichsen, Sven and Bornewasser, Manfred}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing}}, editor = {{Ahram , T. and Taiar, R. and Gremeaux-Bader , V. and Aminian, K.}}, isbn = {{9783030442668}}, issn = {{2194-5357}}, keywords = {{Assembly assistance systems, Manual assembly, Cognitive load, Physiological measurement, Heart rate variability}}, pages = {{495 -- 500}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Reduction of Cognitive Load in Complex Assembly Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-030-44267-5_75}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inbook{6917, abstract = {{The Industrial Engineering Laboratory at the Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts researches the user-centered, customer-oriented and efficient design of work and production systems. Its research focuses on investigating different technologies from the context of digitalization in industrial production. Software used to digitally support work processes must be adapted specifically to work systems. It is difficult to take various user requirements into account in standard software. Therefore, IT experts must continuously adapt software in order to make it suitable for different applications. One possible alternative is for software applications to be designed by industrial engineering or users themselves. In low-code programming, in contrast to classic software development, it is possible to create software applications without extensive programming knowledge. In the laboratory, a teaching unit on app development using a low-code platform was designed. It was integrated into an existing teaching concept for industrial engineers, then evaluated using a questionnaire.}}, author = {{Adrian, Benjamin and Hinrichsen, Sven and Nikolenko, Alexander}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing}}, editor = {{Nunes, I.}}, isbn = {{9783030513689}}, issn = {{2194-5357}}, keywords = {{Cognitive assistance systems, Low-code programming, Didactics}}, pages = {{45--51}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{App Development via Low-Code Programming as Part of Modern Industrial Engineering Education}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-030-51369-6_7}}, volume = {{1207}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inbook{6918, abstract = {{Manual assembly is shaped by increasing product complexity with higher scope of work and fluctuating demands. To cope with these changes, employees need to collect and process more information. Companies, therefore, face a wide range of challenges, particularly in terms of information supply. Informational assistance systems provide employees with cognitive support, helping to manage complexity. To evaluate the potentials of such systems a laboratory study is accomplished at the Laboratory for Industrial Engineering of the Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts. In this paper, selected results of the laboratory study are presented and recommendations for a configuration of assembly assistance systems are derived from the results.}}, author = {{Bendzioch, Sven and Hinrichsen, Sven}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing}}, editor = {{Nunes, I.}}, isbn = {{9783030513689}}, issn = {{2194-5357}}, keywords = {{Informational assistance systems, Manual assembly, Human-machine interaction, Laboratory studies}}, pages = {{25--31}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{How to Configure Assembly Assistance Systems – Results of a Laboratory Study}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-030-51369-6_4}}, volume = {{1207}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{1903, abstract = {{Because of the trend towards smaller batch sizes and customer-specific products, employees in assembly have to absorb and process more and more information. With the help of assistance systems, the process of information absorption and processing can be designed in a more economical and human-oriented way. Despite the potentials of such systems, companies pay too little attention to the informational design of assembly systems, resulting in a number of significant deficits in information management. To identify such deficits in operational practice, a questionnaire has been developed. This allows the potential use of informational assistance systems for an assembly system to be estimated. In this article, results from an exploratory factor analysis of the developed instrument will be presented and interpreted as a basis for the further development of the questionnaire.}}, author = {{Bendzioch, Sven and Hinrichsen, Sven and Adrian, Benjamin and Bornewasser, Manfred}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Human Factors and Systems Interaction AHFE 2019}}, editor = {{Nunes, Isabel L.}}, isbn = {{978-3-030-20039-8}}, keywords = {{Complexity evaluation, Manual assembly, Questionnaire, Work analysis method, Assistance systems, Exploratory factor analysis}}, location = {{Washington D.C., USA}}, pages = {{3--11}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Method for Measuring the Application Potential of Assembly Assistance Systems}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20040-4_1}}, volume = {{959}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{1904, abstract = {{As the number of variations increases and batch sizes grow smaller, it can be difficult to fulfill quality and productivity requirements in manual assembly, as employees must record, process and interpret more information, then convert that information into action. Conventional instruction manuals in the form of text, tables or drawings quickly reach their limits. Innovative assistance systems are essential for keeping up with these changes, as they instruct and support employees in line with their specific situations. The goal of this article is to use a case study to illustrate the problems with providing information in manual assembly, and to suggest a potential solution in the form of an informational assistance system. The company considered in the case study stands out for its large production areas where complex, customer-specific truck bodies are mounted manually.}}, author = {{Nikolenko, Alexander and Sehr, Philip and Hinrichsen, Sven and Bendzioch, Sven}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Human Factors and Systems Interaction AHFE 2019}}, editor = {{Nunes, Isabel L.}}, isbn = {{978-3-030-20039-8}}, issn = {{2194-5357}}, keywords = {{Manual assembly, Assembly assistance systems, Industry 4.0, Information delivery}}, location = {{Washington D.C., USA}}, pages = {{24--33}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Digital Assembly Assistance Systems – A Case Study}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20040-4_3}}, volume = {{959}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{4096, abstract = {{Projection-based assistive systems have shown to be a promising technology to support workers during manual assembly processes in industrial manufacturing by projecting instructions into the working area. While existing studies have investigated various aspects of these systems, little research has been conducted regarding the way in which the user accesses the provided instructions. In this paper we analyze the eye movements of users during the repeated execution of an assembly task at a projection-based assistive system in order to gain insights into the utilization of the presented instructions. For this purpose, we analyzed eye tracking recordings from a user study with 15 participants to investigate the sequences in which the respective instructions are observed by the users. The results show a significantly lower number of nonlinear gaze sequences as well as a significantly higher number of steps without observing the instructions during the repeated use of the assistive system. In addition, there was a significantly lower task completion time during repeated use of the assistive system.}}, author = {{Heinz, Mario and Büttner, Sebastian and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction}}, isbn = {{978-3-030-50343-7}}, keywords = {{Assistive systems, Eye tracking, Human behavior}}, location = {{Copenhagen, Denmark}}, pages = {{259--272}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Exploring Users' Eye Movements When Using Projection-based Assembly Assistive Systems}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50344-4_19}}, volume = {{12203}}, year = {{2020}}, } @book{4851, abstract = {{In diesem Open-Access-Tagungsband sind die besten Beiträge des 9. Jahreskolloquiums "Kommunikation in der Automation" (KommA 2018) und des 6. Jahreskolloquiums "Bildverarbeitung in der Automation" (BVAu 2018) enthalten. Die Kolloquien fanden am 20. und 21. November 2018 in der SmartFactoryOWL, einer gemeinsamen Einrichtung des Fraunhofer IOSB-INA und der Technischen Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe statt. Die vorgestellten neuesten Forschungsergebnisse auf den Gebieten der industriellen Kommunikationstechnik und Bildverarbeitung erweitern den aktuellen Stand der Forschung und Technik. Die in den Beiträgen enthaltenen anschaulichen Beispiele aus dem Bereich der Automation setzen die Ergebnisse in den direkten Anwendungsbezug.}}, editor = {{Jasperneite, Jürgen and Lohweg, Volker}}, isbn = {{978-3-662-59894-8}}, issn = {{2522-8587}}, keywords = {{Industrielle Kommunikationstechnik Industrielle Bildverarbeitung Network reliability and redundancy methods Networked Control Systems Wireless real-time communication Open Access quality control, reliability, safety and risk}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{364}}, publisher = {{Springer Vieweg}}, title = {{{Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation : Ausgewählte Beiträge der Jahreskolloquien KommA und BVAu 2018}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59895-5}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{4857, abstract = {{Increasing heterogeneity of industrial network systems is a fact and the chances that in the future one communication standard will be able to fulfill the requirements of all possible applications are utopian. With the increasing number of communication systems, their management, configuration, and maintenance become a significant issue. Additionally, due to the increasing amount of network services and traffic, the management of available network resources and the possibility of delivering certain levels of communication quality of service, especially across different network solutions becomes a big challenge. Therefore, in this paper a Controller of Controllers (CoC) concept for management of heterogeneous industrial networks is proposed. The concept is designed to support still widely spread legacy fieldbus systems, different Ethernet-based industrial solutions, and potentially upcoming network technologies. The goal is achieved by leveraging state-of-the-art architectural concepts such as software-defined networks, which allows for integration of abstract models in network management. The concept is described and discussed by way of a demonstrator concept for a heterogeneous system of fieldbus and Ethernet-based time-sensitive networks.}}, author = {{Ansah, F. and Soler Perez Olaya, S. and Krummacker, Dennis and Fischer, C. and Winkel, A. and Guillaume, René and Wisniewski, Lukasz and Ehrlich, Marco and Mandarawi, W. and Trsek, Henning and de Meer, Hermann and Wollschlaeger, Martin and Schotten, Hans D. and Jasperneite, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)}}, editor = {{Almeida, Lus and Daoud, Ramez and Mifdaoui, Ahlem and Golatowski, Frank and Amer, Hassanein and Santos, Pedro}}, isbn = {{978-1-7281-5298-1}}, keywords = {{CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS}}, location = {{Porto, PORTUGAL}}, pages = {{35--42}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Controller of Controllers Architecture for Management of Heterogeneous Industrial Networks}}}, doi = {{10.1109/wfcs47810.2020.9114506}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inbook{7783, abstract = {{The digitization of the industry, the drive towards smart factories as well as the Internet of Production (IoP) require rising smartness of products and services. Smart physical products are often mechatronic products that include increasing amounts of software. The development of software, however, comes along with new challenges for companies specialized in developing mechanical, electrical or electronic products. Some of these challenges address the product lifecycle management (PLM)-related business and work processes. The management of software lifecycles requires a much more rigorous requirements management. Furthermore, special solutions for management of source code in distributed development teams are needed. The build-process and testing activities need to be conducted in a systematic manner. The generation and provision of different licensing models need to be mastered and finally the issue of security needs to be addressed for any product that can be networked---which by the way is a strategic target of nearly any product developing company. Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) covers many of the above-mentioned issues. IT solutions for ALM are comparable to traditional PLM solutions, but focus particularly on software as a product. Thus, these systems have become widely used by software companies in the same manner as PLM solutions belong to the standard enterprise IT environment of companies developing physical products. With software penetrating traditional physical products, product managers, product developers, manufacturing staff etc. need to work with both, PLM and ALM, since neither solution is able to cover both domains sufficiently. However, ALM and PLM solutions feature redundant functionality. Thus, best practices for the systematic integration of ALM and PLM are required.}}, author = {{Deuter, Andreas and Otte, Andreas and Ebert, Marcel and Possel-Dölken, Frank}}, booktitle = {{Product lifecycle management (Volume 4)}}, editor = {{Stark, John}}, isbn = {{978-3-030-16133-0}}, issn = {{2197-6589}}, keywords = {{Product lifecycle management, Application Lifecycle Management, Smart products, Systems engineering}}, pages = {{125--143}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Developing the Requirements of a PLM/ALM Integration: An Industrial Case Study}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-030-16134-7_11}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{1901, abstract = {{As customers’ options for configuring products to match their requirements increase, the number of assembly variants grows. Due to this large number of variants, assembly processes often cannot be automated in an economical way, and manual assembly remains highly important. Additional support options must be implemented to continue completing manual assembly processes reliably in the future. Image processing systems are one promising approach. The purpose of this paper is to establish the potential offered by industrial image processing in manual assembly, building on fundamental concepts, as well as to identify requirements and provide recommendations for selecting and arranging system components. }}, author = {{Nikolenko, Alexander and Hinrichsen, Sven}}, booktitle = {{Human Systems Engineering and Design II. IHSED 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing}}, editor = {{Ahram, T. and Karwowski, W. and Pickl, S. and Taiar, R.}}, isbn = {{978-3-030-27927-1}}, keywords = {{Industrial image processing, Manual assembly, Assistance systems, Machine vision}}, location = {{Universität der Bundeswehr, München}}, pages = {{795--800}}, publisher = {{Springer Nature}}, title = {{{Potential of Industrial Image Processing in Manual Assembly}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27928-8_121}}, volume = {{1026}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inbook{4311, abstract = {{Recent trends towards digitization in the industrial domain are also driving profound socio-technical changes. On the one hand, these technologies enable shorter product lifecycles and servitization, but on the other hand, the increasing technical complexity of the equipment makes its operation and maintenance a challenge for workers. Assistance systems using pervasive technologies can bridge the gap between the abilities of the workers and the demands of handling technical complexity by enriching workplace activities with relevant, context-dependent information. In this paper, we present an application that replaces a conventional, paper-based maintenance manual with digital, Augmented Reality based instructions that are delivered at the appropriate place and time.}}, author = {{Dhiman, Hitesh and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)}}, isbn = {{978-1-5386-9151-9}}, keywords = {{Industry 4.0, Cyber Physical Systems, Augmented Reality, Complexity, Maintenance, HoloLens}}, location = {{Kyoto, Japan}}, pages = {{95 -- 100}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Worker Assistance in Smart Production Environments using Pervasive Technologies}}}, doi = {{10.1109/PERCOMW.2019.8730771}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{611, abstract = {{Empirical research shows that the informational design of manual assembly systems is becoming increasingly important in the light of growing complexity. Assembly assistance systems supply employees with information according to their needs and individual situation. This article aims to present important principles for the design of informational assembly assistance systems. The empirical basis for these principles is formed by projects involving the introduction of informational assistance systems for assembly work. The trends and design recommendations are explained using a model, which illustrates important associations between the complexity of assembly tasks, the demands on the mental capacity of employees, work productivity and the use of assembly assistance systems.}}, author = {{Hinrichsen, Sven and Bornewasser, Manfred}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing}}, editor = {{Karwowski, Waldemar and Ahram, Tareq}}, isbn = {{978-3-030-11050-5}}, issn = {{2194-5365}}, keywords = {{Assistance systems, Manual assembly, Cognitive ergonomics}}, location = {{San Diego, USA}}, pages = {{286--292}}, publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, title = {{{How to Design Assembly Assistance Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-030-11051-2_44}}, year = {{2019}}, } @phdthesis{4919, abstract = {{AbstractThe industrial production ofwood-based compo-sites (WBCs) features the core processes in theforming and press line,which are characterisedby densification and the curing of resin-blended furnish materialto obtain a panel from a formed mat in a continuous or batch-wise process.Here, the reliable measurement of process parameters and panel properties is indispensablefor moni-toring and controllingproductionand quality.The in-plane area density(𝜌A)of the mat and the raw density(𝜌)of the panel,along withits vertical rawdensity profile (RDP),aretypically determined through nondestructivemeans of radiometric de-vices.X-ray systems for density measurement on WBCsare commonly usedin both industry and research. Theyfollow a similar basic princi-pleof radiation transmissionwith specificsetups depending onthe measuring taskat hand. De-tector signalsare evaluated regarding relative radiation transmission, which is well-knownto followBeer’s law of exponential attenuation.Note here, particular conditions regarding radia-tion (energyand beam geometry) and material properties (consistent and homogeneous) are expected. These conditions, however, cannot be consistently achieved in applied radiometric in-vestigationson WBCs [...]}}, author = {{Solbrig, Konrad}}, keywords = {{density measurement, radiation transmission, porous low-Z composite material, true density, elemental composition and ash content, effective atomic number, mass attenuation coefficient, X-ray energy spectrum, law of attenuation, beam hardening and radiation build-up, radiation-physical interdependencies, Dichtemessung, Durchstrahlung, poröser Verbundwerkstoff, Reindichte, elementare Zusammensetzung und Aschegehalt, effektive Ordnungszahl, Massenschwächungskoeffizient, Röntgenspektrum, Schwächungsgesetz, Strahlaufhärtung und Strahlungsaufbau, strahlungsphysikalische Wechselbeziehungen}}, pages = {{453}}, publisher = {{Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky }}, title = {{{Applied Investigations on Wood-Based Composites in the Context of X-Ray Densitometry}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{12792, abstract = {{Additive Manufacturing has arisen as a ground-breaking set of technologies that, thanks to their capability of continuous improvements in performance and cost-efficiency, was able in the last years to replace well-established manufacturing processes. Proficiency in the fabrication of highly complex parts forced this astonishing development. This research is based on the idea that through the integration of additive and conventional manufacturing technologies it is possible to achieve great cost and operational benefits especially in the field of tool making for injection molding. Such an integrated manufacturing solution could overcome the limitations of independent additive, subtractive, and post-processing procedures by strengthening their potentialities. The present study highlights the opportunities of a synergy between the above-mentioned manufacturing technologies for the optimized fabrication of injection molds. An additive manufacturing process chain is presented, and special attention is given to the surface quality and its optimization directly in the Selective Laser Melting process. The potentialities of the Laser Surface Re-melting technique are analyzed, and the process optimization leads to a reduction of 45% of the average roughness directly in the SLM process. (C) 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}}, author = {{Simoni, Filippo and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{13th International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control (IFAC) Workshop on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS)}}, issn = {{2405-8963}}, keywords = {{Direct rapid tooling, toolmaking, additive manufacturing process chain, process control, production systems, selective laser melting, surface roughness, laser surface re-melting}}, location = {{Oshawa, CANADA}}, pages = {{254--259}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Approach Towards Surface Improvement in Additively Manufactured Tools}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.10.032}}, volume = {{52}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{12834, abstract = {{In the context of Industry 4.0, extensive deployment and application of advanced manufacturing equipment and various sensors is leading to a growing demand for data exchange between different devices. In smart factories, network transmission has multiprotocol features of wired/wireless communication, and different data flows have different real-time requirements. In this article, a heterogeneous network architecture based on software-defined network is proposed for realizing cross-network flexible forwarding of multisource manufacturing data and optimized utilization of network resources. Subsequently, the mechanism of cross-network fusion and scheduling (CNFS) is analyzed from the perspective of high dynamic characteristics and different delay requirements of data flows. Based on this analysis, a route-aware data flow dynamic reconstruction algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm improves the efficiency of manufacturing data cross-network fusion, especially for multivariety and small-batch intelligent manufacturing systems. Furthermore, for meeting the bandwidth requirements of different delay flows, a delay-sensitive network bandwidth scheduling algorithm is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed CNFS mechanism is verified using a candy packaging intelligent production line prototype platform.}}, author = {{Wan, Jiafu and Yang, Jun and Wang, Shiyong and Li, Di and Li, Peng and Xia, Min}}, booktitle = {{IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics}}, issn = {{1941-0050}}, keywords = {{Heterogeneous networks, Real-time systems, Bandwidth, Job shop scheduling, Smart manufacturing, Computer architecture, Cross-network fusion, heterogeneous networks, network resource}}, number = {{9}}, pages = {{6059--6068}}, publisher = {{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}}, title = {{{Cross-Network Fusion and Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory}}}, doi = {{10.1109/tii.2019.2952669}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{2007, abstract = {{Multisensor systems are susceptible to sensor ageing effects as well as to environmental changes. Due to these effects, the distribution of sensor measurements may change over time, which is referred to as sensor drift. A multisensor system which adapts to drift by self-monitoring is more durable, requires less manual maintenance, and provides information of higher quality. This contribution proposes an approach for detecting and adapting to sensor drift. The proposed detection algorithm determines the reliability of a sensor based on fuzzy pattern classifiers and a consistency measure. By this means, the inherent redundancy in multisensor systems is exploited to detect drift. Detected drift leads then to a retraining of the classifier on batched data guided by information fusion. The retraining incorporates the estimated magnitude of the drift. The proposed algorithms are evaluated in comparison with state-of-the-art methods in the scope of a publicly available dataset. It is shown that the drift detection algorithm yields results similar to the benchmark algorithm but is less computationally complex. Relearning with the drift-adapted approach results in more robust classifiers with regard to potential future drift.}}, author = {{Holst, Christoph-Alexander and Lohweg, Volker}}, booktitle = {{23rd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}}, keywords = {{Multisensor systems, Temperature measurement, Current measurement, Redundancy, Pollution measurement, Detection algorithms}}, location = {{Torino, Italy}}, title = {{{A Conflict-Based Drift Detection And Adaptation Approach for Multisensor Information Fusion}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ETFA.2018.8502571}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{222, abstract = {{Die Komplexität in der manuellen Montage steigt. In der sog. Mehrprodukt- oder Variantenmontage hat der Beschäftigte permanent zwischen verschiedenen Alternativen auszuwählen. Dies betrifft z.B. zu montierende Teile, Werkzeuge, Fügeverfahren oder Hilfsmittel, die in ganz unterschiedlichen Kombinationen zu verwenden sind. Der Montageprozess wird dadurch aus Sicht des Beschäftigten zu einem kontinuierlichen Auswahlprozess. Dieser stellt zunehmend höhere informatorische und kognitive Anforderungen und steigert die mentale Beanspruchung. Dies hat negative Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitsproduktivität. Informatorische Assistenzsysteme gelten als geeignete Instrumente, moderierenden Einfluss auf diese Entwicklung zu nehmen. Entscheidende Stellgrößen dabei betreffen Fragen, wie komplex die Anforderungen und wie ausgeprägt die subjektiven Ressourcen sowie die mentalen Beanspruchungen sind. Aus diesen Überlegungen werden Empfehlungen zur Gestaltung von informatorischen Assistenzsystemen abgeleitet.}}, author = {{Bornewasser, Manfred and Hinrichsen, Sven and Bläsing, Dominic}}, issn = {{0340-2444}}, journal = {{Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft}}, keywords = {{Complexity, Mental workload, Objective measurement, Informational assistance systems, Cognitive ergonomics}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{264--275}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Informatorische Assistenzsysteme in der manuellen Montage: Ein nützliches Werkzeug zur Reduktion mentaler Beanspruchung?}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/s41449-018-0123-x}}, volume = {{72}}, year = {{2018}}, } @unpublished{2372, abstract = {{Novel industrial wireless applications require wideband, real-time channel characterization due to complex multipath propagation. Rapid machine motion leads to fast time variance of the channel's reflective behavior, which must be captured for radio channel characterization. Additionally, inhomogeneous radio channels demand highly flexible measurements. Existing approaches for radio channel measurements either lack flexibility or wide-band, real-time performance with fast time variance. In this paper, we propose a correlative channel sounding approach utilizing a software-defined architecture. The approach enables real-time, wide-band measurements with fast time variance immune to active interference. The desired performance is validated with a demanding industrial application example.}}, author = {{Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Block, Dimitri and Meier, Uwe}}, booktitle = {{arXiv:1805.01236}}, keywords = {{Correlation, Wireless communication, Real-time systems, Logic gates, Frequency measurement, Libraries, Time measurement}}, pages = {{6}}, title = {{{A Software-Defined Channel Sounder for Industrial Environments with Fast Time Variance}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{2374, abstract = {{Novel industrial wireless applications require wideband, real-time channel characterization due to complex multipath propagation. Rapid machine motion leads to fast time variance of the channel's reflective behavior, which must be captured for radio channel characterization. Additionally, inhomogeneous radio channels demand highly flexible measurements. Existing approaches for radio channel measurements either lack flexibility or wide-band, real-time performance with fast time variance. In this paper, we propose a correlative channel sounding approach utilizing a software-defined architecture. The approach enables wide-band measurements with fast time variance immune to active interference. Furthermore, its real-time capability allows live processing on demand. The desired performance is validated with a demanding industrial application example.}}, author = {{Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Block, Dimitri and Meier, Uwe}}, booktitle = {{2018 15th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)}}, isbn = {{9781538650059}}, keywords = {{Correlation, Wireless communication, Real-time systems, Logic gates, Frequency measurement, Libraries, Time measurement}}, location = {{Lisbon, Portugal}}, title = {{{A Software-Defined Channel Sounder for Industrial Environments with Fast Time Variance}}}, doi = {{10.1109/iswcs.2018.8491207}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{2376, abstract = {{Wireless industrial environments are dominated by multipath propagation and interference. In order to handle spatial diversity, a possible approach is dividing the physical area into many small cells. The spatial diversity is turned into FDMA by utilizing different frequency bands for neighboring cells. A challenging use case with fast vehicles traveling over long distances in a short time is the packaging industry. It would require many fast handoffs for each vehicle. Thus, a small cell FDMA approach is not appropriate. Conversely, employing radiating lines eliminates FDMA-based handoff issues, and reduces multipath delay spread and signal attenuation compared to centralized approaches. Additionally, radiating lines perform well in high-speed, low-power and long-range environments. In this paper, we realize a novel radiating-line-based, high-reliable, real-time transmission system with near-field coupling. This wireless transmission method results in a frequency-flat, time-invariant radio channel for the given requirements. Employing antenna diversity results in significant improvements in the system's performance compared to single antenna solutions.}}, author = {{Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Meier, Uwe and Neugebauer, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}}, isbn = {{9781538671085}}, keywords = {{Spatial diversity, Antenna measurements, Real-time systems, Frequency measurement, Couplings, Antennas}}, location = {{ Turin, Italy}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Performance Analysis of a High-Reliable Real-Time Wireless Transmission System with Near Field Coupling}}}, doi = {{10.1109/etfa.2018.8502494}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{4316, abstract = {{The manufacturing industry is increasingly being dominated by information and communication technology, leading to the development of cyber-physical systems. Most existing frameworks on the assessment of such technological advancements see the technology as a solitary system. However, research has shown that other environmental factors like organizational processes or human factors are also affected. Drawing on the sociotechnical systems approach, future technologies could be evaluated using scenarios of digitized work. These scenarios can help classify new technologies and uncover their advantages and constraints in order to provide guidance for the digital development of organizations. We developed an instrument for evaluating scenarios of digitized work on the relevant dimensions ‘technology’, ‘human’ and ‘organization’ and conducted a quantitative study applying this instrument on three different scenarios (N = 24 subject matter experts). Results show that our instrument is capable of measuring technological, human and organizational aspects of technology implementations and detecting differences in the scenarios under investigation. The instrument’s practical value is significant as it enables the user to compare and quantify scenarios and helps companies to decide which technology they should implement.}}, author = {{Miekus, Lisa and Bentler, Dominik and Jenderny, Sascha and Foullois, Marc and Wöste, Lars and Röcker, Carsten and Maier, Günter W.}}, issn = {{2227-7080}}, journal = {{Technologies : open access journal }}, keywords = {{digitization, change management, scenarios of digitized work, product engineering, sociotechnical systems}}, number = {{120}}, publisher = {{MDPI }}, title = {{{Development of a Change Management Instrument for the Implementation of Technologies}}}, doi = {{10.3390/technologies6040120}}, volume = {{6}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{4318, abstract = {{Recent advances in the field of industrial digitization and automation lead to an increasing need for assistance systems to support workers in various fields of activity, such as assembly, logistics and maintenance. Current assistance systems for the maintenance area are usually based on a single visualization technology. However, in our view, this is not practicable in terms of real activities, as these operations involve various subtasks for which different interaction concepts would be advantageous. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a concept for a multi-device assistive system, which combines multiple devices to provide workers with relevant information over different subtasks of a maintenance operation and present our first prototype for such a system.}}, author = {{Heinz, Mario and Dhiman, Hitesh and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction :Second IFIP TC 5, TC 8/WG 8.4, 8.9, TC 12/WG 12.9 International Cross-Domain Conference, CD-MAKE 2018}}, editor = {{Holzinger, Andreas and Kieseberg, Peter and Tjoa, A Min and Weippl, Edgar}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-99739-1}}, keywords = {{Human-machine-interaction, Multimodal feedback, Assistive systems, Augmented-reality, Smart factory}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, pages = {{239 -- 247}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{A Multi-Device Assistive System for Industrial Maintenance Operations}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-99740-7_16}}, volume = {{11015}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{4324, abstract = {{On the long term, the current wave of digitization and automation in the industrial environment will result in a progressively higher complexity and heterogeneity in the industrial environment. In this context, a growing need arises for the development of digital assistance systems to support workers in various fields of activities. Current systems are generally limited to visualizations and visual feedback. Therefore, in the scope of this paper, we take a look at the major challenges and opportunities for the integration of multimodal feedback systems in today’s and future industrial environments. It shows that the integration of multimodal feedback is subject to a complex combination of technical, user-cenric and legal aspects.}}, author = {{Heinz, Mario and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction :Second IFIP TC 5, TC 8/WG 8.4, 8.9, TC 12/WG 12.9 International Cross-Domain Conference, CD-MAKE 2018}}, editor = {{Holzinger, Andreas and Kieseberg, Peter and Tjoa, A Min and Weippl, Edgar}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-99739-1}}, keywords = {{Human-machine-interaction, Multimodal feedback, Assistive systems, Augmented-reality, Smart factory}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Feedback Presentation for Workers in Industrial Environments–Challenges and Opportunities}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-99740-7_17}}, volume = {{11015}}, year = {{2018}}, } @misc{12798, abstract = {{The digitization of the industry requires smart products and services. Smart products are mechatronic products with an increasing amount of software. To get high quality smart products to the market quickly, manufacturers need to reshape their product lifecycle processes. They need to apply system engineering-based methods to enable smooth cross-domain developments with a special focus on the software domain. One significant challenge faced by manufacturers is the harmonization of product lifecycle management (PLM), which addresses the hardware lifecycle, with application lifecycle management (ALM), which addresses the software lifecycle. To support manufacturers in this challenging activity, this paper demonstrates a proven process for developing use cases and requirements associated with a PLM/ALM integration. This process has been elicited during an industrial case study in a manufacturing company. This paper explains this process in detail. A generally applicable approach for developing the requirements of a PLM/ALM integration is extracted by removing the company-specific factors. }}, author = {{Deuter, Andreas and Otte, Andreas and Ebert, Marcel and Possel-Dölken, Frank}}, booktitle = {{4th International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence - Intelligent, Flexible and Connected Systems in Products and Production}}, editor = {{Denkena, B. and Thoben, K. D. and Trachtler, A.}}, issn = {{2351-9789}}, keywords = {{Product lifecycle management, Application Lifecycle Management, Smart products, Systems engineering}}, location = {{Hannover}}, pages = {{107--113}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Developing the Requirements of a PLM/ALM Integration: An Industrial Case Study}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.promfg.2018.06.020}}, volume = {{24}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{11576, abstract = {{Data dictionaries provide structural meta-information about data definitions in health information technology (HIT) systems. In this regard, reusing healthcare data for secondary purposes offers several advantages (e.g. reduce documentation times or increased data quality). Prerequisites for data reuse are its quality, availability and identical meaning of data. In diverse projects, research data warehouses serve as core components between heterogeneous clinical databases and various research applications. Given the complexity (high number of data elements) and dynamics (regular updates) of electronic health record (EHR) data structures, we propose a clinical metadata warehouse (CMDW) based on a metadata registry standard. Metadata of two large hospitals were automatically inserted into two CMDWs containing 16,230 forms and 310,519 data elements. Automatic updates of metadata are possible as well as semantic annotations. A CMDW allows metadata discovery, data quality assessment and similarity analyses. Common data models for distributed research networks can be established based on similarity analyses.}}, author = {{Bruland, Philipp and Doods, J and Storck, M and Dugas, M}}, issn = {{1879-8365}}, journal = {{Studies in health technology and informatics}}, keywords = {{Information Systems, Metadata, Semantics}}, pages = {{313--317}}, title = {{{What Information Does Your EHR Contain? Automatic Generation of a Clinical Metadata Warehouse (CMDW) to Support Identification and Data Access Within Distributed Clinical Research Networks.}}}, volume = {{245}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{265, abstract = {{The maintenance of a tool for injection molding or forming is usually accompanied by its disassembly and assembly. The duration of the assembly activities is often a large part of the total activity time for the maintenance of the tool. The degree of performance of the employees in the execution of these disassembly and assembly activities is often low. In addition, allowances occur (e.g. searching for work equipment). At the Industrial Engineering Lab of the Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences, a prototype of an assistance system was developed to support the assembly activities in toolmaking. With the help of this system, the operator is guided step by step through the assembly process. The economic potential of the system exists in the reduction of training times, the avoidance of assembly errors and the increase of labor productivity.}}, author = {{Hinrichsen, Sven and Riediger, Daniel and Unrau, Alexander}}, booktitle = {{2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)}}, isbn = {{978-1-5386-0948-4 }}, keywords = {{injection moulding, machine tools, maintenance engineering, productivity, projection-based assistance system, injection molding tools, assembly activities, assembly process, assembly errors, tool maintenance, disassembly activities, economic potential, Industrial Engineering Lab, Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences, toolmaking, Tools, Injection molding, Maintenance engineering, Usability, Task analysis, Workstations, Morphology, assembly assistance systems, assistance systems, maintenance of injection molding tools, manual assembly}}, location = {{Singapore}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{1571--1575}}, title = {{{Development of a Projection-Based Assistance System for Maintaining Injection Molding Tools}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2017.8290157}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{4255, abstract = {{Increasingly, production processes are enabled and controlled by Information Technology (IT), a development being also referred to as “Industry 4.0”. IT thereby contributes to flexible and adaptive production processes, and in this sense factories become “smart factories”. In line with this, IT also more and more supports human workers via various assistance systems. This support aims to both support workers to better execute their tasks and to reduce the effort and time required when working. However, due to the large spectrum of assistance systems, it is hard to acquire an overview and to select an adequate system for a smart factory based on meaningful criteria. We therefore synthesize a set of comparison criteria into a consistent framework and demonstrate the application of our framework by classifying three examples.}}, author = {{Fellmann, Michael and Robert, Sebastian and Büttner, Sebastian and Mucha, Henrik and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{ Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction : First IFIP TC 5, WG 8.4, 8.9, 12.9 International Cross-Domain Conference, CD-MAKE 2017, Reggio, Italy, August 29 – September 1, 2017, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Holzinger, Andreas}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-66807-9}}, keywords = {{Assistance systems, Smart factory, Production processes}}, location = {{Reggio, Italy}}, pages = {{59--68}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Towards a Framework for Assistance Systems to Support Work Processes in Smart Factories}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-66808-6_5}}, volume = {{10410}}, year = {{2017}}, } @book{4506, abstract = {{In diesem Tagungsband sind die besten Beiträge des 7. Jahreskolloquiums "Kommunikation in der Automation" (KommA 2016) und des 5. Jahreskolloquiums "Bildverarbeitung in der Automation" (BVAu 2016) enthalten. Die Kolloquien fanden am 30. November und 1. Dezember 2016 anlässlich des 10jährigen Jubiläums des inIT - Institut für industrielle Informationstechnik in der SmartFactoryOWL, einer herstellerunabhängigen und offenen Industrie 4.0 Forschungs- und Demonstrationsplattform und zugleich Testfeld für den Mittelstand, in Lemgo statt. Die vorgestellten neuesten Forschungsergebnisse auf den Gebieten der industriellen Kommunikationstechnik und Bildverarbeitung erweitern den aktuellen Stand der Forschung und Technik. Die in den Beiträgen enthaltenen anschauliche Anwendungsbeispiele aus dem Bereich der Automation setzen die Ergebnisse in den direkten Anwendungsbezug.}}, editor = {{Jasperneite, Jürgen and Lohweg, Volker}}, isbn = {{978-3-662-55231-5}}, keywords = {{Industrielle Kommunikationstechnik, Industrielle Bildverarbeitung, network reliability and redundancy methods, Networked Controls Systems, wireless real-time communication, quality control, reliability, safety and risk}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{295}}, publisher = {{Springer Vieweg}}, title = {{{ Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation : Ausgewählte Beiträge der Jahreskolloquien KommA und BVAu 2016 zum 10jährigen Jubiläum des inIT - Institut für industrielle Informationstechnik}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-662-55232-2}}, volume = {{7}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{328, abstract = {{In this paper, concepts for an extended DC network for the main power supply of components from various manufacturers in industrial production are presented. In the first part, detailed requirements for such a network are given from the viewpoint of a customer. Based on those, different concepts for AC/DC conversion and energy management are discussed. As far as AC/DC conversion is concerned, the advantages and drawbacks of several rectifier topologies are listed, as they have a significant impact on the system behavior and EMC properties. An intelligent energy management can improve the energy efficiency and reduce downtimes of a plant, which are major requirements from a customer’s viewpoint. }}, author = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Kuhlmann, Timm and Weis, Benno and Leonide, Andre}}, booktitle = {{2017 IEEE Second International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)}}, keywords = {{AC-DC power convertors, electromagnetic compatibility, energy conservation, energy management systems, rectifiers, main power supply, industrial production, DC network, AC-DC conversion, rectifier topologies, EMC properties, intelligent energy management, energy efficiency improvement, downtime reduction, Rectifiers, Switches, Voltage control, Topology, Network topology, Production, Grounding, industrial DC grid, SMART Grid}}, location = {{Nürnberg}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{227--234}}, title = {{{Concepts for a DC Network in Industrial Production}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ICDCM.2017.8001049}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{573, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have not only revolutionized product development and design by enabling rapid prototyping. They also gained influence on production in general, mainly because of their direct manufacturing capabilities. In the context of Industry 4.0 and the related process automation, innovative and advanced production technologies with completely new approaches are required [1]. AM technologies contribute to this with their advantages like freedom of design, cost efficient product individualization, and functional integration. On the other hand, AM still shows shortcomings in exploiting its full potential. Most current AM technologies are only applicable for manufacturing with singular materials. In particular, opportunities for processing of optically or electrically conductive materials are still missing. This paper contributes to the advancement of additive manufacturing of two different material variants or even two completely different materials. A special focus is laid on producing a part that combines mechanical with optical or electrical functionalities in one process step. The ultimate goal is to integrate sensor functionalities into an AM object, e.g. strain gauges. Extrusion processes, predominantly Fused Layer Modeling (FLM), are preferred in this research due to their mechanically simple machine setup in which additional functional materials can be adapted easily to the build process. In a first step, the general manufacturability has been evaluated. Thereafter, the resulting optical transmission properties have been analyzed. Especially the attenuation has to remain below a threshold value to accomplish a minimum signal-to-noise ratio.}}, author = {{Ehlert, Patrick and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-01-6}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Electrical conductors, Embedded systems, FLM technology, Sensors}}, location = {{Pordenone, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{127--136}}, title = {{{Investigation on the Direct Manufacturing of Waveguides and Sensors Using FLM Technology}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{574, abstract = {{The increasing industrial digitization is the driver for the fast emergence of many industrial smart products. To stay competitive, the manufacturing companies of these smart products need to optimize their internal lifecycleprocesses. Mainly, they have to converge the software and hardware lifecycleprocesses. However, even if this strategic necessity has been recognized, manufacturing companies struggle to develop and implement a roadmap of such convergence.Starting point for the realization of harmonized lifecycle processes are processmodels describing process activities and the underlying data models. This research addresses the latter one and aims to create a generic lifecycle data model. The research team created and evaluated such data model referring to development artifacts such as requirements, parts or test cases and to lifecycle artifacts such as revisions, versions and baselines. The generic lifecycle management model was evaluated by a practical development of a smart product. By this, the research provides a valuable result to maintain and increase the competitiveness of manufacturing companies.}}, author = {{Deuter, Andreas and Otte, Andreas and Ebert, Marcel}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-01-6}}, keywords = {{PLM, ALM, Systems Engineering, VDI guideline 2206}}, location = {{Pordenone, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{115--125}}, title = {{{Extending the Sliced V-Model to Smart Product Development}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{578, abstract = {{Challenges of companies are presented by an increasing number of product variants or a growing product complexity in combination with a reduction of lot size. Therefore the scope of the work in the field of manual assembly will be more complex. This situation leads to a need of assistance systems. With these systems, the assembly workers will be qualified to execute their work tasks within the requirements. This approach set up on a further implementation of an assistance system at a great device manufacturer. The main focus of this implementation was the technical and functional design of the assistance system, but a successful implementation requires also an active handling of the change process. The purpose of this paper is the presentation of design principles in form of a process model for the implementation of digital assistance systems. The development of the design principles takes place in a participative approach. Executives, work councilsand workers develop the project results together with external project members. Project managers will be able to manage implementation processes with the results and take all the success factors into account.}}, author = {{Kleineberg, Tim and Eichelberg, Matthias and Hinrichsen, Sven}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-01-6}}, keywords = {{Assistance systems, Change management, Success factors, Process model}}, location = {{Pordenone, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{25--36}}, title = {{{Participative Development of an Implementation Process for Worker Assistance Systems}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{4299, abstract = {{With the advances of technology, intelligent assistive systems that adapt to individual humans will become feasible. However, application areas of such systems are rarely discussed within the Industry 4.0 community. Most assistive systems that have been presented have been developed for specific task, such as assembly support or warehouse picking, but there might be a huge uncovered design space to be explored. With this work, we want to step back from existing systems and analyze the design opportunities of assistive systems especially for small and medium-size enterprises (SME). To achieve this goal we conducted a study in four SME, consisting of observations and interviews. Here we present our findings about the potential future application areas of human-centered assistive systems.}}, author = {{Mucha, Henrik and Büttner, Sebastian and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Human-Computer Interaction – Perspectives on Industry 4.0. Workshop at i-KNOW 2016 }}, keywords = {{Industry 4.0, Assistive Systems, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, SME, Human-Centered Design, Human-Computer Interaction for Industry}}, location = {{Graz, Austria}}, publisher = {{TU}}, title = {{{Application Areas for Human-Centered Assistive Systems}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4328, abstract = {{This paper discusses the relevance of beauty and aesthetic values for an aesthetically pleasing design of technology-enhanced spaces in the context of ergonomics, usability, and technology acceptance. Under the concept of Aesthetic Intelligence we subsume various aspects, including conceptual scoping, formal design skills and creative methodologies. Our goal is to provide a concept for the exchange of ideas, initiation of collaborations and the development of methodological practices for facilitating effective and pleasurable designs.}}, author = {{Plewe, Daniela Alina and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Affective and Pleasurable Design}}, editor = {{Chung, WonJoon and Shin, Cliff Sungsoo }}, isbn = {{978-3-319-41660-1}}, keywords = {{Aesthetic intelligence, Aesthetics, Design methodologies, Ambient intelligent systems}}, location = {{Walt Disney World®, Florida, USA}}, pages = {{385--390}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Aesthetic Intelligence for Effective and Pleasurable Design}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-41661-8_37}}, volume = {{483}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{584, abstract = {{Due to the continuing trend towards more complexity of products with an increasing number of variants and smaller lot sizes, the assembly often takes place -despite relatively high labor costs in Western industrialized nations -manually or partially automated. An outsourcing or relocation of assembly function abroad is not suitable in most cases.Therefore, it is increasingly important to reduce process variations and waste in manual assembly processes. Assistance systems have the potential, depending on the situation, to assist the worker in his work, to reduce error rate and to increase productivity. In a first part of the paper an overview will be given to different types of assembly assistance systems. Then a morphological chart is developed, which can provide assistance in selecting or comparing assembly assistance systems. With the help of this chart an assembly assistant system is presented. Finally a quick look is taken at further research being done in this area.}}, author = {{Hinrichsen, Sven and Riediger, Daniel and Unrau, Alexander}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-00-9}}, keywords = {{Assistance systems, Manual assembly, Morphology}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{01}}, pages = {{3--14}}, title = {{{Assistance Systems in Manual Assembly}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{5853, abstract = {{This paper provides information about an in-house research project for shadow box design. During this research project, several mockups with sensors for heat and relative humidity were produced and tested under two different laboratory conditions: one with artificial sunlight and one in an outdoor temperate climate. The outdoor test provided information about temperature changes in the shadow box due to air infiltration and exfiltration. Further, it also provided information about the conservation of solar energy in the air cavity behind the spandrel glass and adjacent materials. Temperature sensors on the interior surfaces of the façade produced data that was used to draw conclusions about the heat flow from inside the shadow box to the interior ambient air via the façade profiles. It was also used to develop a two-dimensional simulation tool to show heat development and heat flow in the shadow box. The test under laboratory conditions with artificial sunlight showed that the correct choice of glass type and color of the opaque back layer highly influences heat development in the shadow box cavity. The test results also illustrate that the size of ventilation openings and the depth of the air layer only slightly influence heat built-up in this cavity. The shadow box is a very complex system that should be designed and manufactured so as not to have a detrimental effect on the thermal performance of the facade. To maintain precise and consistent reproduction and to improve the thermal performance, a new PVC shadow box profile was developed. PVC is a poor thermal conductor and, therefore, the heat flow from the shadow box construction into the interior becomes interrupted, consequently improving the heat transfer coefficients of the façade and the panel construction. Furthermore, the PVC profile has been designed as a four sided mitered and sealed frame insert to enable easy attachment of the opaque back layer, thus creating a weather tight assembly within the curtain wall day light opening. }}, author = {{Arztmann, Daniel}}, booktitle = {{Facade Tectonics : World Congress Los Angeles 2016 Conference Proceedings}}, editor = {{Noble, Douglas and Kensek, Karen and Das, Shreya }}, isbn = {{978-1-882352-43-2 }}, keywords = {{Curtain wall, energy efficiency, thermal break, condensation, physical testing, mockups}}, location = {{Los Angeles}}, publisher = {{Tectonic Press}}, title = {{{Shadow Boxes – Re-Engineered}}}, volume = {{2}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{688, abstract = {{In this paper, we analyze the specific requirements of interacting with cyber-physical systems and propose a design approach that is driven by user needs and makes use of an expanded toolbox that contains state-of-the-art interaction technologies including Smart Glasses and Wearables. We present several examples of assistance systems in industrial production that use these interaction technologies and discuss the corresponding usability and implementation aspects. }}, author = {{Paelke, Volker and Röcker, Carsten and Koch, Nils and Flatt, Holger and Büttner, Sebastian}}, issn = {{2196-677X}}, journal = {{at - Automatisierungstechnik}}, keywords = {{User centred design, user interfaces, user expe-rience, cyber-physical systems, smart glasses, wearables}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{833--843}}, publisher = {{De Gryter Oldenbourg}}, title = {{{User Interfaces for Cyber-Physical Systems : Expanding the Designer’s Toolbox}}}, doi = {{10.1515/auto-2015-0016}}, volume = {{63}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{2140, abstract = {{Recent industrial applications are implemented in a modular way, resulting in flexibility during the whole life cycle, i.e., setup, operation, and maintenance. This applies especially to larger applications like logistic, production, and printing processes. Their modular character is resulting from the constantly increasing complexity of such installations, which makes their supervision for securing reliable operation a difficult task: the data of hundreds (if not thousands) of signal sources must be acquired, communicated, and evaluated for system diagnosis. In this contribution we summarize the challenges arising in such applications and show that distributed sensor and information fusion for modular self-diagnosis tackles these challenges. Here, we propose an innovative distributed architecture encompassing intelligent sensor nodes, self-configuring real-time communication networks, and a suitable sensor and information fusion system for condition monitoring. New challenges arise in the context of distributed information fusion systems, which are identified and to which an outlook on future solutions is provided. A number of these solutions have already been discovered, implemented, and are evaluated in the context of a demonstrator, which resembles a real-world printing application.}}, author = {{Mönks, Uwe and Trsek, Henning and Dürkop, Lars and Geneiß, Volker and Lohweg, Volker}}, issn = {{0957-4158}}, journal = {{Mechatronics}}, keywords = {{Cyber-physical systems, Information fusion, Fusion system design, Intelligent sensors, Self-configuration, Intelligent networking}}, number = {{34}}, pages = {{63--71}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{Towards distributed intelligent sensor and information fusion}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.mechatronics.2015.05.005}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{2167, abstract = {{Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs) are in the focus of research, industry and politics: By applying new IT and new computer science solutions, production systems will become more adaptable, more resource ef- ficient and more user friendly. The analysis and diagnosis of such systems is a major part of this trend: Plants should detect automatically wear, faults and suboptimal configurations. This paper reflects the current state-of- the-art in diagnosis against the requirements of CPPSs, identifies three main gaps and gives application scenarios to outline first ideas for potential solutions to close these gaps. }}, author = {{Niggemann, Oliver and Lohweg, Volker}}, booktitle = {{Twenty-Ninth Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-15)}}, keywords = {{Cyber-Physical Systems, Machine Learning, Diagnosis, Anomaly Detection}}, title = {{{On the Diagnosis of Cyber-Physical Production Systems - State-of-the-Art and Research Agenda}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{4330, abstract = {{Catchwords such as “Cyber-Physical-Systems” and “Industry 4.0” describe the current development of systems with embedded intelligence. These systems can be characterized by an increasing technical complexity that must be addressed in the user interface. In this paper we analyze the specific requirements posed by the interaction with cyber-physical-systems, present a coordinated approach to these requirements and illustrate our approach with a practical example of an assistance system for assembly workers in an industrial production environment.}}, author = {{Paelke, Volker and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Design, User Experience, and Usability: Design Discourse}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-20885-5}}, keywords = {{Industrial IT, User-Centered design, Usability, User interfaces, Cyber-Physical-Systems, Industry 4.0, Augmented reality, Development processes and methods}}, location = {{Los Angeles, CA, USA}}, pages = {{75--85 }}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{User Interfaces for Cyber-Physical Systems: Challenges and Possible Approaches. }}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-20886-2_8}}, volume = {{9186}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inbook{4337, abstract = {{Our goal is to develop a system for coaching human motions (e.g., for rehabilitation and daily health maintenance). This paper focuses on how to coach a user so that his/her motion gets closer to the good template of a target motion. It is important to efficiently advise the user to emulate the crucial features that define the good template. The proposed system (1) automatically mines the crucial features of any kind of motion from a set of motion features and (2) gives the user feedback about how to modify the motion through an intuitive interface. The crucial features are mined by feature sparsification through binary classification between the samples of good and other motions. An interface for motion coaching is designed to give feedback via different channels (e.g., visually, aurally), depending on the type of error. To use the total system, all the user must do is just move and then get feedback on the motion. Following experimental results, open problems for future work are discussed.}}, author = {{Ukita, Norimichi and Kaulen, Daniel and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Smart Health : Open Problems and Future Challenges}}, editor = {{Holzinger, Andreas and Röcker, Carsten and Ziefle, Martina}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-16225-6}}, keywords = {{Motion coaching, Error feedback, Physical rehabilitation}}, pages = {{ 189 -- 208}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{A User-Centered Design Approach to Physical Motion Coaching Systems for Pervasive Health}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-16226-3_8}}, volume = {{8700}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{2141, abstract = {{Sensor and information fusion is recently a major topic which becomes important in machine diagnosis and conditioning for complex production machines and process engineering. It is a known fact that distributed automation systems have a major impact on signal processing and pattern recognition for machine diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop smart diagnosis methods which are applicable for distributed systems like resource-limited cyber-physical systems. In this paper we propose an new approach for sensor and information fusion based on Evidence Theory and socio-psychological decision-making. We show that context based condition monitoring is instantiated even in conflict situations, oc-curing in real life scenarios permanently. A simple but effective importance measure is proposed which controls the significance of conditioning propositions in a system.}}, author = {{Mönks, Uwe and Lohweg, Volker}}, booktitle = {{18th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}}, isbn = {{978-1-4799-0862-2}}, issn = {{1946-0759 }}, keywords = {{Decision making, Robot sensing systems, Reliability, Production, Context, Fuzzy set theory, Data integration}}, title = {{{Machine Conditioning by Importance Controlled Information Fusion}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ETFA.2013.6647984}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inbook{2394, abstract = {{For the production of biopharmaceuticals a seed train is required to generate an adequate number of cells for inoculation of the production bioreactor. This seed train is time- and cost-intensive but offers potential for optimization. A method and a protocol are described for the seed train mapping, directed modeling without major effort, and its optimization regarding selected optimization criteria such as optimal points in time for cell passaging. Furthermore, the method can also be applied for the set-up of a new seed train, for example for a new cell line. Although the chapter is directed towards suspension cell lines, the method is also generally applicable, e.g. for adherent cell lines.}}, author = {{Frahm, Björn}}, booktitle = {{Animal Cell Biotechnology}}, isbn = {{9781627037327}}, issn = {{1064-3745}}, keywords = {{Seed train Optimization Modeling Prediction Space-Time-Yield (STY) Systems approach Bioinformatics Computational biotechnology Suspension Production}}, pages = {{355--367}}, publisher = {{Humana Press}}, title = {{{Seed Train Optimization for Cell Culture}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-1-62703-733-4_22}}, volume = {{1104}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inbook{10214, abstract = {{For the production of biopharmaceuticals a seed train is required to generate an adequate number of cells for inoculation of the production bioreactor. This seed train is time- and cost-intensive but offers potential for optimization. A method and a protocol are described for the seed train mapping, directed modeling without major effort, and its optimization regarding selected optimization criteria such as optimal points in time for cell passaging. Furthermore, the method can also be applied for the set-up of a new seed train, for example for a new cell line. Although the chapter is directed towards suspension cell lines, the method is also generally applicable, e.g. for adherent cell lines.}}, author = {{Frahm, Björn}}, booktitle = {{Animal Cell Biotechnology - Methods and Protocols}}, editor = {{Pörtner, Ralf}}, isbn = {{978-1-62703-732-7}}, issn = {{1940-6029}}, keywords = {{Seed train, Optimization, Modeling, Prediction, Space-Time-Yield (STY), Systems approach, Bioinformatics, Computational biotechnology, Suspension, Production}}, pages = {{355–367}}, publisher = {{Humana Press}}, title = {{{Seed Train Optimization for Cell Culture}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-1-62703-733-4_22}}, volume = {{1104}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{2102, abstract = {{Die Zustandsüberwachung erfolgt derzeit in der Regel durch Einsatz spezieller Sensorik, bspw. durch Vibrationsmessungen. Außerdem werden die Antriebe lediglich isoliert betrachtet, eine Zusammenführung anfallender Informationen eines räumlich verteilten Antriebsverbunds findet meist nicht statt. Im Folgenden wird ein neuartiges Motor-as-Sensor-Konzept vorgeschlagen und validiert, das eine antizipatorische Zustandsüberwachung ohne Einsatz zusätzlicher Sensorik allein durch Verarbeitung der phasenbezogenen Motorströme ermöglicht. Zusätzlich wird ein Informationsfusionskonzept vorge-stellt, das die Informationen aller im Verbund beteiligten Antriebe zusammenführt, um darüber eine mit weniger Unsicherheiten behaftete Aussage über den Zustand einer Ap-plikation herbeizuführen. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt hierbei insbesondere auf der Beherrschung der anfallenden riesigen Datenmengen, die zur Verarbeitung in eingebetteten Systemen reduziert werden müssen.}}, author = {{Voth, Karl and Dicks, Alexander and Lohweg, Volker}}, keywords = {{Sensor- und Informationsfusion, elektrischer Antrieb, Cyber-Physical System, Industrie 4.0, Big Data}}, title = {{{Konfliktlösende Informationsfusion zur Maschinendiagnose am Beispiel von Extrusionsanlagen, 21. Workshop Computational Intelligence, VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik (GMA), 30. November - 02. Dezember 2011, Dortmund}}}, year = {{2011}}, } @misc{8274, abstract = {{The need for multiple radio systems in overlapping regions of a factory plant introduces a coexistence problem. The current research challenge is to design and realize radio systems that should be able to achieve a desired quality of service (QoS) in this coexisting environment. Currently transmission resources of hyperspace are not properly exploited. The cognitive radio (CR), which can adapt to the environmental changes by reconfiguring itself, can be used to implement intelligent radio systems to exploit the orthogonal nature of multiple dimensions of hyperspace to maintain the desired QoS in coexisting factory environments. We present initial results of a coexistence optimized CR which can exploit frequency and power, which are two of several dimensions of hyperspace, to improve its QoS in coexisting environments.}}, author = {{Ahmad, Kaleem and Meier, Uwe and Pape, Andreas and Kwasnicka, Halina and Griese, Bjoern}}, booktitle = {{ 2009 6th IEEE Annual Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks Workshops}}, isbn = {{978-1-4244-3938-6}}, keywords = {{Cognitive radio, Quality of service, Space technology, Frequency, Production facilities, Chromium, Manufacturing automation, Intelligent systems, Polarization, Testing}}, location = {{Rome, Italy }}, publisher = {{IEEE }}, title = {{{A Generic Cognitive Radio for Evaluating Coexistence Optimized Industrial Automation Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/SAHCNW.2009.5172916}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4768, abstract = {{Several evaluations of team awareness systems showed, that interruptions and privacy violations during usage often lead to the rejection of the system by users. Most authors argue that this rejection is due to a fundamental dual trade-off between sending awareness information and privacy, and between receiving awareness information and disruption or resource consumption. While the assumption of a fundamental trade-off is widely accepted in state-of-the-art research, this paper disputes the predominant hypothesis. Instead, it is argued, that the trade-off is not of fundamental nature, but caused by neglecting elementary aspects in the design process. In order to verify this line of argument, a novel interface concept for mediating socio-emotional awareness information is presented. To verify the validity of the conceptual approach, several evaluations were conducted. The evaluations verified the approach of this paper and showed, that a cautious interface design can enhance user privacy in multi-user awareness systems and minimize disruptive effects on primary tasks, without reducing awareness mediation and usability.}}, author = {{Röcker, Carsten and Magerkurth, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Universal Acess in Human Computer Interaction : Coping with Diversity}}, editor = {{Stephanidis, Constantine}}, isbn = {{978-3-540-73278-5}}, keywords = {{Privacy, Interruptions, Team Awareness Systems, Dual Trade-Off : Evaluation}}, location = {{Beijing, China}}, pages = {{273--283}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Privacy and Interruptions in Team Awareness Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-540-73279-2_31}}, volume = {{4554}}, year = {{2007}}, } @inproceedings{2062, abstract = {{Bank note inspection is a complex task. As more and more print techniques and new security features are established, total quality security and bank note printing must be assured. Therefore, this factor necessitates change of a sensorial concept in general. We propose an optical-acoustical inspection method based upon the concepts of information fusion and fuzzy interpretation of data measures. Furthermore, we present a simplified scheme for information fusion for pattern recognition and data classification based on parametrical unimodal potential functions and a Sugeno-type score value analysis. Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301779
}}, author = {{Dyck, Walter and Schaede, Johannes and Türke, Thomas and Lohweg, Volker}}, booktitle = {{ 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion}}, isbn = {{ 1-4244-0953-5}}, keywords = {{Information security, Inspection, Printing machinery, Optical sensors, Data security, Personnel, Fuzzy systems, Sensor systems, Expert systems, Ink}}, pages = {{1--8}}, publisher = {{9th International Conference on Information Fusion, 2006. ICIF '06}}, title = {{{Information Fusion Application On Security Printing With Parametrical Fuzzy Classification}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ICIF.2006.301779}}, year = {{2006}}, } @inproceedings{2058, abstract = {{Nonlinear spatial transforms and fuzzy pattern classification with unimodal potential functions are established in signal processing. They have proved to be excellent tools in feature extraction and classification. In this paper we present a hardware accelerated image processing and classification scheme for rotation and translation tolerant two-dimensional pattern recognition, which is based on one-dimensional nonlinear discrete circular transforms. However, the scheme is simple; it is stable and therefore well suited for industrial applications. An implementation on one field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed.}}, author = {{Henke, Tobias and Lohweg, Volker}}, booktitle = {{IEEE International Conference On Image Processing (ICIP), Proceedings}}, isbn = {{0-7803-9134-9}}, issn = {{2381-8549 }}, keywords = {{Pattern recognition, Field programmable gate arrays, Neural networks, Image processing, Discrete transforms, Signal processing, Image retrieval, Image recognition, Transient analysis, Fuzzy systems}}, pages = {{349 -- 352}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{A Simplified Scheme For Hardware-Based Pattern Recognition}}}, doi = {{ 10.1109/ICIP.2005.1529759}}, year = {{2005}}, } @article{4824, abstract = {{The integration of information, communication, and sensing technologies into our everyday objects has created smart environments. Creating the smart artifacts that constitute these environments requires augmenting their standard functionality to support a new quality of interaction and behavior.A system-oriented, importunate smartness approach creates an environment that gives individual smart artifacts or the environment itself certain self-directed actions based on previously collected information. For example, a space can be smart by having and exploiting knowledge about the persons and artifacts currently situated within its borders.In contrast, a people-oriented, empowering smartness approach places the empowering function in the foreground by assuming that smart spaces make people smarter. This approach empowers users to make decisions and take actions as mature and responsible people.Although in some cases it might be more efficient if the system doesnýt ask for a userýs feedback and confirmation at every step in an action chain, the overall design rationale should aim to keep the user in the loop and in control whenever possible.}}, author = {{Streitz, Norbert and Röcker, Carsten and Prante, Thorsten and van Alphen, Daniel and Stenzel, Richard and Magerkurth, Carsten}}, issn = {{1558-0814 }}, journal = {{Computer : innovative technology for computer professionals }}, keywords = {{Personal digital assistants, Refrigeration, Portable computers, Control systems, Roads, Availability, Cellular phones, Communications technology, Humans, Smart homes}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{41 – 49}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Designing Smart Artifacts for Smart Environments}}}, doi = {{10.1109/MC.2005.92}}, volume = {{38}}, year = {{2005}}, }