@misc{12032,
  abstract     = {{As DC grids become more widespread in industry, the demand for DC industry-compliant power supplies is increasing. This paper describes the design and analysis of a SiC-based Active-Front-End with a switching frequency of 100 kHz and an output power of 50 kW. The focus of this Active-Front-End is on the small input inductance (uk=0,6%), which has been deliberately reduced in order to reduce package size. For a small inductance a high switching frequency and a fast and precise current measurement are basic requirements. The increase of the switching frequency reduces the size of the whole filter.}},
  author       = {{Otte, Raphael and Koch, Jan-Niklas and Borcherding, Holger and Stuckmann, Tim}},
  booktitle    = {{PCIM Europe : International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 11-13 June 2024, Nuremberg}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-8007-6262-0}},
  keywords     = {{DC-Industry, DC-Grids, AIC, AFE, Active-Infeed-Converter, Active-Front-End}},
  location     = {{Nürnberg}},
  pages        = {{3402}},
  publisher    = {{VDE Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Design and Analysis of a 50kW SiC-based Active-Front-End with a very small line choke for DC-Grids}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12389,
  abstract     = {{Ressourcenverbrauch, CO2-Fußabdruck und Abfallaufkommen sind zentrale Themen bei der nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Bauwirtschaft. Besonders mit einem Gebäudeabbruch geht ein enormer Ressourcen- und Energieverlust einher. Diese Arbeit fokussiert den Abbruchprozess am Beispiel einer öffentlichen Verwaltung und analysiert die Möglichkeiten dieser, Kreisläufe von Bauteilen und -materialien in der lokalen Bauwirtschaft zu fördern. 
Zunächst wurde der IST-Prozess für einen Abbruch von Gebäuden am Beispiel des Kreis Lippe aufgenommen und Schwachstellen für die Wiedereinbringung von Bauteilen und -materialien identifiziert. Danach wurden Best Practice Ansätze von öffentlichen Verwaltungen in Deutschland recherchiert und anschließend dies um den europäischen Raum erweitert. Der letzte Teil der Analyse bezieht sich auf das RE-BUILD-OWL Projekt, mit welchem der Kreis Lippe plante eine Vorreiterrolle in zirkulärem Bauen einzunehmen, und wie die Projektergebnisse die Wiedereinbringung von Bauteilen und -materialien im Rückbauprozess positiv beeinflussen können. 
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich die Best Practice und die Projektergebnisse positiv auf die Schwachstellen des Abbruchprozesses auswirken können. Konkret wurden für den Kreis Lippe vier Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert. 1. Wissensaufbau: Zwar wurde deutlich, dass bei Einzelpersonen großes Fachwissen beseht, ein Austausch zwischen den Mitarbeitenden bestand jedoch nicht ausreichend. Außerdem besteht auch Bedarf an externen Schulungen geschult/ Sensibilisierung. 2. Digitalisierungsstrategie: Langfristig deutet sich im Bausektor ein Wandel zur Nutzung von Building Information Modeling ab. Es wird empfohlen, diesen Wandel im Kreis Lippe vorzubereiten, um die Mitarbeitenden in dem Wandel mitzunehmen und diese Veränderung proaktiv anzugehen. 3. Aktive lokale Marktgestaltung: Der lokale Markt lässt sich durch die Erhöhung der Nachfrage von verfügbaren Sekundärmaterialien und der Erhöhung des Angebotes von verfügbaren Sekundärmaterialien beeinflussen. Wenn zusätzlich innovative Technologien in der Region gefördert werden, lassen sich langfristig Materialkreisläufe entwickeln. 4. Baustoff- und Materialdistribution: Diese Handlungsempfehlung gilt als Teil der Erhöhung des Sekundärmaterialangebots. Um die Angebotserhöhung der Sekundärbauteile und -materialien zu bewerkstelligen, wurden zwei Optionen vorgeschlagen. Zum einen kann die Fremdleistung der Identifizierung und Distribution eingekauft werden, zum anderen ist eine interne Umsetzung mit Aufbau einer Bauteil- und Materialbörse möglich. Wichtig ist in beiden Schritten, dass vor einem Abbruch ein Audit des Gebäudes und eine Klassifizierung der Bauteile und -materialien auf Wiederverwendbarkeit durchgeführt wird. Eine mögliche Umsetzung der Veränderungen wurden in einer beispielhaften SOLL-Prozess-Darstellung skizziert. 
Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen das Potenzial sowie konkrete Schritte auf, die der Kreis Lippe hat, um Bauteile und -materialien in einem Kreislauf zu behalten. Die Best Practice Analyse ist nicht spezifisch für den Kreis Lippe durchgeführt worden, weshalb die Ergebnisse zusätzlich für einen allgemein übertragbaren Erkenntnisgewinn zur Verfügung stehen. Auch andere öffentliche Verwaltungen können anhand der Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit Handlungsschritte ableiten. }},
  author       = {{Steinkuhl, Anika}},
  keywords     = {{Zirkuläres Bauen, Kreislaufwirtschaft, Bauwirtschaft, Nachhaltiges Bauen, Materialkreisläufe, BIM, Building Information Modeling, construction industry, circular economy, sustainability, sustainable construction, circular construction, material cycles}},
  pages        = {{80}},
  publisher    = {{Hochschule Bielefeld}},
  title        = {{{Entwicklung strategischer Handlungsempfehlungen für die Förderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft beim Rückbau öffentlicher Gebäude}}},
  doi          = {{10.25644/rs7s-yc91}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12795,
  abstract     = {{Including disabled workers in value-creating work processes is a fundamental and guaranteed human right and is, therefore, an essential goal of society. In Germany, sheltered workshops create the conditions for this inclusion since they are essential to companies' value chains. A central challenge is the inclusion of disabled workers in the value-creation processes, such as in manufacturing or assembly areas. The skills of disabled workers vary since they have individual impairments. Therefore, this paper presents a digital human model, a Human Digital Twin (HDT), for disabled workers. The model maps their skills and supports the production planning and assembly processes. (C) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.}},
  author       = {{Mordaschew, Viktoria and Duckwitz, Sönke and Tackenberg, Sven}},
  booktitle    = {{5th International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing (ISM)}},
  editor       = {{Longo, F. and Shen, W. and Padovano, A.}},
  issn         = {{1877-0509}},
  keywords     = {{Human Digital Twin, Industry 4.0, Sheltered Workshops, Production Planning}},
  location     = {{Lisbon, PORTUGAL}},
  pages        = {{745--751}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{A Human Digital Twin of Disabled Workers for Production Planning}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.procs.2024.01.074}},
  volume       = {{232}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12831,
  abstract     = {{The overall Industry 4.0 developments and the highly dynamic threat landscape enhance the need for continuous security engineering of industrial components, modules, and systems. Security risk assessments play a major role to ensure a secure operation of Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACSs) but are mostly neglected due to missing resources and a lack of human experts for the sophisticated manual tasks. Therefore, a method for information and process modelling regarding the automation of security risk assessments has been previously designed, but not yet evaluated. This work in progress begins the evaluation of the automated security risk assessment concept by investigating the related work and identifying the main deficits. The results include a requirements analysis for the verification and an outlook towards future evaluation aspects.}},
  author       = {{Ehrlich, Marco and Lukas, Georg and Trsek, Henning and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Kastner, Wolfgang and Diedrich, Christian}},
  booktitle    = {{2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)}},
  isbn         = {{979-8-3503-1935-4}},
  issn         = {{2835-8511}},
  keywords     = {{Industry 4.0, Security, Risk Assessment, Automation, Requirements, Evaluation, Verification}},
  location     = {{Toulouse, FRANCE}},
  pages        = {{180--183}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Requirements Analysis for the Evaluation of Automated Security Risk Assessments}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/wfcs60972.2024.10540830}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{13019,
  abstract     = {{The digital transformation of manufacturing companies is a huge driver of complexity in organizational structures and processes. Challenges such as an increasing number of variants, rapid changes in technology, and a multitude of interfaces between IT systems within companies require changed qualifications in the workforce. Employees lack a profound understanding of the added value that digitalization can bring to the company and themselves. To address these challenges, simulation games are a suitable approach. Simulation games are active learning methods that simulate real systems in an artificial environment. The goal is to give employees the opportunity to gain experience and make decisions without creating a pressure situation or endangering the real production system. This enables them to better understand, evaluate and design real systems. In order to make optimal use of simulation games in manufacturing companies, they should be customized to the company and its employees due to individual processes and structures. This paper presents a procedure model for designing a concept of individualized simulation games for manufacturing companies in the context of digitalization. It starts with the identification of requirements. Subsequently, the requirements of the individual elements are combined into a holistic simulation game. The piloting of the framework is presented using an example from industrial practice.}},
  author       = {{Machon, Fabian and Gabriel, Stefan and Latos, Benedikt and Holtkötter, Christoph and Lütkehoff, Ben and Asmar, Laban and Kühn, Dr. Arno and Dumitrescu, Prof. Dr. Roman}},
  booktitle    = {{Procedia CIRP}},
  issn         = {{2212-8271}},
  keywords     = {{industry 4.0, digitalization, digital transformation, simulation games, game-based learning, education, employee education, qualification}},
  pages        = {{1017--1022}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Design of individual simulation games in manufacturing companies for game-based learning}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.procir.2023.03.145}},
  volume       = {{119}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{7147,
  abstract     = {{Purpose: Industry 4.0 technologies influence how production is planned, scheduled, and controlled. In literature, different classifications of the tasks and functions of production planning and control (PPC) exist, of which one is the German Aachen PPC model. This research aims to identify and classify current Industry 4.0 approaches for planning and controlling production processes and to reveal researched and unexplored areas of the model.

Design/methodology/approach: In an exploratory literature review, we review and classify 48 publications on a full-text basis with the Aachen PPC model's tasks and functions. Two cluster analyses reveal researched and unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model. Additionally, we give a summary of each reviewed publication.

Findings: We propose a cyber-physical PPC architecture, which incorporates current Industry 4.0 technologies, current optimization methods, optimization objectives, and disturbances relevant for realizing a PPC system in a smart factory. Current approaches focus on the in-house PPC, particularly on the control using real-time information from the shop floor. We propose future research directions for the unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model.

Research limitations/implications: The selection of search terms and the texts' interpretation is based on an individual assessment. The revelation of unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model might have a different outcome if the search term combination is parameterized differently.

Originality/value: Using the Aachen PPC model, which holistically models PPC, the findings give comprehensive insights into the current advances of tools, methods, and challenges relevant to planning and controlling production processes under Industry 4.0.}},
  author       = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Tackenberg, Sven and Padoano, Elio and Gamber, Thilo}},
  booktitle    = {{Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management}},
  issn         = {{2013-0953}},
  keywords     = {{Production planning and control, Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet of Things, Exploratory literature review}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{ OmniaScience}},
  title        = {{{Approaches of production planning and control under industry 4.0: A literature review}}},
  doi          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3582}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@misc{8384,
  abstract     = {{ynamic simulation models are widely utilized to evaluate complex technical components and systems like electric drives or machines. They can support the development process of a production machine by avoiding an inadequate layout of components or an erroneous control design. However, the effort for building them is often too high for this purpose (lot size one). An automated model generation can be utilized to overcome the gap between efforts and advantages of dynamic simulations.

This contribution presents an approach for simplifying the dynamic model generation of production machines by using the so-called Asset Administration Shell defined by the initiative Platform Industrie 4.0. The Asset Administration Shell was developed to aggregate all data necessary for maintaining the product across its life cycle. This includes component data and models as well as structural information about a machine. The generation process is performed by using the common FMI standard and a two-step procedure which allows the linkage of different simulation tools. The model generation is demonstrated by an example layout of a machine's internal direct current grid.}},
  author       = {{Göllner, D. and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{2021 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-6654-3772-1 }},
  issn         = {{2157-3611}},
  keywords     = {{Digital Twin, Asset Administration Shell, Dynamic Simulation Model, Industry 4.0, Automated Model Generation}},
  location     = {{Online  (Singapore)}},
  pages        = {{808--812}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Utilization of the Asset Administration Shell for the Generation of Dynamic Simulation Models}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/IEEM50564.2021.9673089}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{8430,
  abstract     = {{This article highlights the special electrical properties of an industrial DC grid and compares it with other typical DC grids. In this article, the extent of transient overvoltages is presented, which must be assumed to be caused by grid faults and switching operations. Basic measures for the protection of devices are listed and evaluated.

The article clarifies that basic protection is necessary for the reliable operation of devices in industrial DC grids, but is easy to implement.}},
  author       = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Puls, Simon}},
  booktitle    = {{2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-7281-5730-6}},
  issn         = {{2643-2978}},
  keywords     = {{drive inverters, DC grid, overvoltage protection, DC grid faults}},
  location     = {{Valencia, Spain; Online}},
  pages        = {{625--630}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Potential Hazards of Transient Overvoltages in an Industrial DC Grid and Basic Protective Measures}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453597}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{8434,
  abstract     = {{An open industrial DCgrid for energy supply has many benefits. Also new challenges arise by coupling the DClink capacitors of all devices, e.g. inverters. This paper presents the effects of component failures causing short circuit faults in combination with electrically coupled and charged DClink capacitors. Resulting energy flows are shown, which arise in the DCgrid in case of faults. In addition, measurements of short circuit tests and two solutions are shown, which enable the safe and simple operation of an open industrial DCgrid.}},
  author       = {{Borcherding, Holger and Blank, Frederic and Grünberg, Olaf and Höflsauer, Josef and Puls, Simon}},
  booktitle    = {{2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-6654-3384-6}},
  issn         = {{2325-0313}},
  keywords     = {{DC power supply, Fault handling strategy, Short circuit, Grid-connected inverter, DC machine}},
  location     = {{Virtuell}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{EFFECTS OF COMPONENT FAILURES IN DRIVE INVERTERS DURING PARALLEL OPERATING ON AN OPEN INDUSTRIAL DC GRID}}},
  doi          = {{10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570706}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{7033,
  abstract     = {{Industry 4.0 technologies influence how production is planned, scheduled, and controlled. In literature, different classifications of the tasks and functions of production planning and control (PPC) exist, of which one is the German Aachen PPC model. This paper conducts an exploratory literature review by reviewing 48 publications on a full-text basis. Based on the review, a cyber-physical PPC architecture is proposed, which incorporates current Industry 4.0 technologies, current optimisation methods, optimisation objectives, and disturbances, relevant for the realisation of a PPC system in a smart factory. A classification scheme is developed as a basis for two cluster analyses that reveal researched and unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model. Current approaches focus on the in-house PPC, particularly on the control using real-time information from the shop floor. Future research directions are proposed for the unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model.}},
  author       = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Tackenberg, Sven and Padoano, Elio and Gamber, Thilo}},
  issn         = {{1877-0509}},
  journal      = {{Procedia Computer Science}},
  keywords     = {{Production planning, control, Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet of Things, Exploratory literature review}},
  pages        = {{208--218}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{A literature review and cluster analysis of the Aachen production planning and control model under Industry 4.0}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.158}},
  volume       = {{180}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{4897,
  abstract     = {{Assistance is becoming increasingly relevant in carrying out industrial work in the context of cyber-physical production systems (CPPSs) and Industry 4.0. While assistance in a single task via a single interaction modality has been explored previously, crossdevice interaction could improve the quality of assistance, especially given the concurrent and distributed nature of work in CPPSs. In this paper, we present the theoretical foundations and implementation of MiWSICx (Middleware for Work Support in Industrial Contexts), a middleware that showcases how multiple interactive computing devices such as tablets, smartphones, augmented/virtual reality glasses, and wearables could be combined to provide crossdevice industrial assistance. Based on activity theory, MiWSICx models human work as activities combining multiple users, artifacts, and cyber-physical objects. MiWSICx is developed using the actor model for deployment on a variety of hardware alongside a CPPS to provide multiuser, crossdevice, multiactivity assistance.}},
  author       = {{Dhiman, Hitesh and Röcker, Carsten}},
  issn         = {{2288-4300 }},
  journal      = {{Journal of Computational Design and Engineering}},
  keywords     = {{human–technology interaction, human–computer interaction, crossdevice interaction, cyber-physical systems, assistance, smart factory, middleware, actor model, information system design, industry 4.0}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{428--451}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  title        = {{{Middleware for providing activity-driven assistance in cyber-physical production systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1093/jcde/qwaa088}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{12800,
  abstract     = {{his paper presents the cognitive module of the Cognitive Architecture for Artificial Intelligence (CAAI) in cyber-physical production systems (CPPS). The goal of this architecture is to reduce the implementation effort of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in CPPS. Declarative user goals and the provided algorithm-knowledge base allow the dynamic pipeline orchestration and configuration. A big data platform (BDP) instantiates the pipelines and monitors the CPPS performance for further evaluation through the cognitive module. Thus, the cognitive module is able to select feasible and robust configurations for process pipelines in varying use cases. Furthermore, it automatically adapts the models and algorithms based on model quality and resource consumption. The cognitive module also instantiates additional pipelines to evaluate algorithms from different classes on test functions. CAAI relies on well-defined interfaces to enable the integration of additional modules and reduce implementation effort. Finally, an implementation based on Docker, Kubernetes, and Kafka for the virtualization and orchestration of the individual modules and as messaging technology for module communication is used to evaluate a real-world use case.}},
  author       = {{Strohschein, Jan and Fischbach, Andreas and Bunte, Andreas and Faeskorn-Woyke, Heide and Moriz, Natalia and Bartz-Beielstein, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology}},
  issn         = {{1433-3015}},
  keywords     = {{Cognition, Industry 40, Big data platform, Machine learning, CPPS, Optimization, Algorithm selection, Simulation}},
  number       = {{11-12}},
  pages        = {{3513--3532}},
  publisher    = {{Springer }},
  title        = {{{Cognitive capabilities for the CAAI in cyber-physical production systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00170-021-07248-3}},
  volume       = {{115}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{4518,
  abstract     = {{This paper introduces CAAI, a novel cognitive architecture for artificial intelligence in cyber-physical production systems. The goal of the architecture is to reduce the implementation effort for the usage of artificial intelligence algorithms. The core of the CAAI is a cognitive module that processes the user's declarative goals, selects suitable models and algorithms, and creates a configuration for the execution of a processing pipeline on a big data platform. Constant observation and evaluation against performance criteria assess the performance of pipelines for many and different use cases. Based on these evaluations, the pipelines are automatically adapted if necessary. The modular design with well-defined interfaces enables the reusability and extensibility of pipeline components. A big data platform implements this modular design supported by technologies such as Docker, Kubernetes, and Kafka for virtualization and orchestration of the individual components and their communication. The implementation of the architecture is evaluated using a real-world use case. The prototypic implementation is accessible on GitHub and contains a demonstration.}},
  author       = {{Fischbach, Andreas and Strohschein, Jan and Bunte, Andreas and Stork, Jörg and Faeskorn-Woyke, Heide and Moriz, Natalia and Bartz-Beielstein, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{1433-3015}},
  journal      = {{The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology}},
  keywords     = {{CPPS, Artificial intelligence, Industry 40, Reference architecture, Optimization, SMBO, Cognition, Big data platform, Modularization, AutoML}},
  number       = {{1/2}},
  pages        = {{609--626}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{CAAI -- A Cognitive Architecture to Introduce Artificial Intelligence in Cyber-Physical Production Systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00170-020-06094-z}},
  volume       = {{111}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inproceedings{1904,
  abstract     = {{As the number of variations increases and batch sizes grow smaller, it can be difficult to fulfill quality and productivity requirements in manual assembly, as employees must record, process and interpret more information, then convert that information into action. Conventional instruction manuals in the form of text, tables or drawings quickly reach their limits. Innovative assistance systems are essential for keeping up with these changes, as they instruct and support employees in line with their specific situations. The goal of this article is to use a case study to illustrate the problems with providing information in manual assembly, and to suggest a potential solution in the form of an informational assistance system. The company considered in the case study stands out for its large production areas where complex, customer-specific truck bodies are mounted manually.}},
  author       = {{Nikolenko, Alexander and Sehr, Philip and Hinrichsen, Sven and Bendzioch, Sven}},
  booktitle    = {{Advances in Human Factors and Systems Interaction AHFE 2019}},
  editor       = {{Nunes, Isabel L.}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-030-20039-8}},
  issn         = {{2194-5357}},
  keywords     = {{Manual assembly, Assembly assistance systems, Industry 4.0, Information delivery}},
  location     = {{Washington D.C., USA}},
  pages        = {{24--33}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Digital Assembly Assistance Systems – A Case Study}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20040-4_3}},
  volume       = {{959}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@misc{4918,
  abstract     = {{An open industrial DC grid has a lot of advantages. Also new challenges arise by coupling several DC link capacitors of inverters. This paper presents an approach and measurements of an active device protection to withstand possible faults that can occur in the DC grid. In particular, robustness in the event of faults plays a key role.}},
  author       = {{Puls, Simon and Obernolte, Urs and Borcherding, Holger and Ehlich, Martin}},
  booktitle    = {{2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe VIRTUAL)}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-7281-9807-1}},
  issn         = {{2325-0313}},
  keywords     = {{DC grid, fault handling strategy, DC-power supply, active protection, drive inverters}},
  location     = {{Lyon, France}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Approach of an Active Device Protection for Drive Inverters against Short Circuit Faults in an Open Industrial DC Grid}}},
  doi          = {{10.23919/EPE20ECCEEurope43536.2020.9215949}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@misc{12812,
  abstract     = {{Discerning unexpected from expected data patterns is the key challenge of anomaly detection. Although a multitude of solutions has been applied to this modern Industry 4.0 problem, it remains an open research issue to identify the key characteristics subjacent to an anomaly, sc. generate hypothesis as to why they appear. In recent years, machine learning models have been regarded as universal solution for a wide range of problems. While most of them suffer from non-self-explanatory representations, Gaussian Processes (GPs) deliver interpretable and robust statistical data models, which are able to cope with unreliable, noisy, or partially missing data. Thus, we regard them as a suitable solution for detecting and appropriately representing anomalies and their respective characteristics. In this position paper, we discuss the problem of automatic and interpretable anomaly detection by means of GPs. That is, we elaborate on why GPs are well suited for anomaly detection and what the current challenges are when applying these probabilistic models to large-scale production data.}},
  author       = {{Berns, Fabian and Lange-Hegermann, Markus and Beecks, Christian}},
  booktitle    = {{ Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovative Intelligent Industrial Production and Logistics IN4PL - Volume 1}},
  editor       = {{Panetto, H. and Madani, K. and Smirnov, A.}},
  isbn         = {{978-989-758-476-3}},
  keywords     = {{Anomaly Detection, Gaussian Processes, Explainable Machine Learning, Industry 4.0}},
  location     = {{Budapest, HUNGARY}},
  pages        = {{87--92}},
  publisher    = {{SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}},
  title        = {{{Towards Gaussian Processes for Automatic and Interpretable Anomaly Detection in Industry 4.0}}},
  doi          = {{10.5220/0010130300870092}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inbook{4311,
  abstract     = {{Recent trends towards digitization in the industrial domain are also driving profound socio-technical changes. On the one hand, these technologies enable shorter product lifecycles and servitization, but on the other hand, the increasing technical complexity of the equipment makes its operation and maintenance a challenge for workers. Assistance systems using pervasive technologies can bridge the gap between the abilities of the workers and the demands of handling technical complexity by enriching workplace activities with relevant, context-dependent information. In this paper, we present an application that replaces a conventional, paper-based maintenance manual with digital, Augmented Reality based instructions that are delivered at the appropriate place and time.}},
  author       = {{Dhiman, Hitesh and Röcker, Carsten}},
  booktitle    = {{2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-5386-9151-9}},
  keywords     = {{Industry 4.0, Cyber Physical Systems, Augmented Reality, Complexity, Maintenance, HoloLens}},
  location     = {{Kyoto, Japan}},
  pages        = {{95 -- 100}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Worker Assistance in Smart Production Environments using Pervasive Technologies}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/PERCOMW.2019.8730771}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@inproceedings{4321,
  abstract     = {{Recent research has shown that computer-based Assistive Technology (AT) has the potential to support individuals with disabilities in production environments. At the same time, step-by-step instructions enable workers to be successful in their performance of industrial tasks that were formerly difficult to accomplish. We merged these two types of intervention and developed an application running on a mobile device that can assist disabled workers working more independently. In an evaluation study, we investigated how our assistive system affects the task efficiency as well as participants’ subjective evaluation. Results show advantages when using the assistive prototype with regard to users’ task efficiency and subjective evaluations.}},
  author       = {{Aksu, Volkan and Jenderny, Sascha and Martinez, Sascha and Röcker, Carsten}},
  booktitle    = {{Providing Context-Sensitive Mobile Assistance for People with Disabilities in the Workplace}},
  editor       = {{Di Bucchianico, Giuseppe }},
  isbn         = {{978-3-319-94621-4}},
  keywords     = {{Assistive technology, People with disabilities : Human computer interaction : Industry 4.0, Inclusion, Context-sensitive assistance, Step-by-step instructions, Production, Mobile assistance}},
  location     = {{Orlando, Florida, USA}},
  pages        = {{3--14}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Providing Context-Sensitive Mobile Assistance for People with Disabilities in the Workplace}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-319-94622-1_1}},
  volume       = {{776}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{238,
  abstract     = {{In future, advancing digitalization will entail extensive change for businesses. To date, there are only sporadically implemented examples of Smart Factories and these are rather technically (specifically information technology) oriented. Phoenix Contact therefore decided to use a tailor-made approach to implement the digital transition towards becoming a Smart Factory. With the participation of the senior management affected, other internal support areas and the works council, an image of the future for the  Smart Factory was developed. Based on the main future processes the appropriate organizational structure was selected and all participants could now be trained in the performance of new tasks. In addition, this allows for technological concepts to be chosen and judiciously incorporated in further stages. In this paper, the “SmartOrg@Combicon” project will be illustrated as the initial phase in the course of Smart Factory implementation.
}},
  author       = {{Dobrzanski, P. and Jungkind, Wilfried}},
  booktitle    = {{Production engineering and management}},
  editor       = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-03-0}},
  keywords     = {{Industry  4.0, Smart  Factory, Digital  transformation, Staff  and  organizational development}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{147--158}},
  title        = {{{Human Resources and Organizational Development in the Context of Industry 4.0}}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{4259,
  abstract     = {{This paper presents a prototype of an intelligent assistive system for workers in stationary manual assembly using projection-based augmented reality (AR) and intelligent hand tracking. By using depth cameras, the system can track the hands of the user and makes the user aware of wrong picking actions or errors in the assembly process. The system automatically adapts the digital projection-based overlay according to the current work situation. The main research contribution of our work is the presentation of a novel hand-tracking algorithm. In addition, we present the results of an user study of the system that shows the challenges and opportunities of our system and the hand-tracking algorithm in particular. We assume that our results will inform the future design of assistive systems in manual assembly.}},
  author       = {{Büttner, Sebastian and Sand, Oliver and Röcker, Carsten}},
  booktitle    = {{European Conference on Ambient Intelligence}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-319-56996-3}},
  keywords     = {{Augmented reality, Mobile projection, Hand tracking, Manufacturing, Industry 4.0}},
  location     = {{ Malaga, Spain}},
  pages        = {{33--45}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Exploring Design Opportunities for Intelligent Worker Assistance: A New Approach Using Projetion-Based AR and a Novel Hand-Tracking Algorithm}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-319-56997-0_3}},
  volume       = {{10217}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@inproceedings{576,
  abstract     = {{Due to a high level of competition in automotive industry, it is essentially important for automotive companies to develop innovative strategies and technologies in production and logistics. Postponement of production difference, i.e., customer individualized demand has been considered as an innovative strategy and more or less implemented in the production process, mostly before and during the final assembly. This paper proposed the concept of postponing the individualization of some components after the assembly. The idea is to use the idle times especially during the distribution process when vehicles are accumulated to generate big transportation batches or the follow-up transport does not start immediately. The individualization is carried out in specially realized workshops. Objectives of the approach are to reduce variations in the manufacturing, to shorten delivery times and to give consumers the ability to reorder individual components shortly before delivery. This kind of postponement of individualization induces the requirement of redesigning the logistics network, which means the selection of workshop locations and the new selection of the suppliers for the individualized components. To reach this aim, a software tool has been developed. In the tool, the data required in the logistics network such as suppliers and workshop potential locations are managed in a MySQL database and the optimization of the network is achieved by the especiallydeveloped non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The design and development of the solution individuals and the fitness functions, which are the most important elements of a genetic algorithm, are based on the mathematical model of the logistics network design with product late individualization. Different scenarios are considered and generated to examine the applicability of the methodology in automotive practice. The optimization model and the heuristics of genetic algorithm are validated through the Pareto solutions for different scenarios.}},
  author       = {{Li, Li}},
  booktitle    = {{Production Engineering and Management}},
  editor       = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-01-6}},
  keywords     = {{Automotive industry, Logistics network configuration, Late product individualization, Postponement, NSGGA}},
  location     = {{Pordenone, Italy}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{139--150}},
  title        = {{{Optimization of Automotive Logistics Network with Late Product Individualization}}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@inproceedings{328,
  abstract     = {{In  this  paper,  concepts  for  an  extended  DC network for the main power supply of components from various manufacturers in industrial production are presented. In the first part,  detailed  requirements  for  such  a  network  are  given  from the  viewpoint  of  a  customer.  Based  on  those,  different  concepts for AC/DC conversion and energy management are discussed. As far  as  AC/DC  conversion  is  concerned,  the  advantages  and drawbacks of several rectifier topologies are listed, as they have a significant  impact  on  the  system  behavior  and  EMC  properties. 
An  intelligent  energy  management  can  improve  the  energy efficiency  and  reduce  downtimes  of  a  plant,  which  are  major requirements from a customer’s viewpoint. }},
  author       = {{Borcherding, Holger and Austermann, Johann and Kuhlmann, Timm and Weis, Benno and Leonide, Andre}},
  booktitle    = {{2017 IEEE Second International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)}},
  keywords     = {{AC-DC power convertors, electromagnetic compatibility, energy conservation, energy management systems, rectifiers, main power supply, industrial production, DC network, AC-DC conversion, rectifier topologies, EMC properties, intelligent energy management, energy efficiency improvement, downtime reduction, Rectifiers, Switches, Voltage control, Topology, Network topology, Production, Grounding, industrial DC grid, SMART Grid}},
  location     = {{Nürnberg}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{227--234}},
  title        = {{{Concepts for a DC Network in Industrial Production}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/ICDCM.2017.8001049}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@inproceedings{4299,
  abstract     = {{With the advances of technology, intelligent assistive systems that adapt to individual humans will become feasible. However, application areas of such systems are rarely discussed within the Industry 4.0 community. Most assistive systems that have been presented have been developed for specific task, such as assembly support or warehouse picking, but there might be a huge uncovered design space to be explored. With this work, we want to step back from existing systems and analyze the design opportunities of assistive systems especially for small and medium-size enterprises (SME). To achieve this goal we conducted a study in four SME, consisting of observations and interviews. Here we present our findings about the potential future application areas of human-centered assistive systems.}},
  author       = {{Mucha, Henrik and Büttner, Sebastian and Röcker, Carsten}},
  booktitle    = {{Human-Computer Interaction – Perspectives on Industry 4.0. Workshop at i-KNOW 2016 }},
  keywords     = {{Industry 4.0, Assistive Systems, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, SME, Human-Centered Design, Human-Computer Interaction for Industry}},
  location     = {{Graz, Austria}},
  publisher    = {{TU}},
  title        = {{{Application Areas for Human-Centered Assistive Systems}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{4300,
  abstract     = {{Human-centered design methods are nowadays widely used in the design of consumer products. These methods aim at designing products with a high usability and a positive user experience (UX). However, in the domain of the design of industrial machines, design is often driven by functional requirements mostly neglecting the usability and user experience of products. Together with a medium-sized manufacturer of industrial laundry machines we applied the human-centered design process in an industrial context. In this field report, we describe the human-centered design methods applied in the project, the adaptations we had to make in the process and the challenges and opportunities for applying human-centered design in an industrial environment in general. }},
  author       = {{Büttner, Sebastian and Röcker, Carsten}},
  booktitle    = {{Human-Computer Interaction – Perspectives on Industry 4.0. Workshop at i-KNOW 2016}},
  keywords     = {{Design Methods, Human-Centered Design, Industrial Human-Computer Interaction, Industry 4.0}},
  location     = {{Graz, Austria}},
  publisher    = {{TU}},
  title        = {{{Applying Human-Centered Design Methods in Industry – a Field Report}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@misc{10169,
  abstract     = {{The reduction of wires and connections is a fundamental necessity for upcoming industrial 4.0 solutions, requiring a large amount of reconfigurability and flexibility. Our research focuses on recent ways of combining energy and data transmission in single contactless transducers, enabling easy installation, maintenance and possible fulfilment of high protection classes. While this approach can typically be solved by combining Wifi and inductive energy transfer, the Wifi aspect is often limited by the available media access and channel occupation. Another issue is the real time capability of Wifi or other wireless transmission protocols like IEEE 802.15.4. While creating a new wireless or contactless standard is beyond the focus of this work, we concentrate on combining existing technologies and their interoperability. This includes powerline communication systems, near field data transmission and inductive energy transfer mechanisms.}},
  author       = {{Wesemann, Derk and Witte, Stefan and Schmelter, Andreas and Heß, Roland}},
  booktitle    = {{Communication in automation : 2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)$dMay 3-6, 2016, Aveiro, Portugal}},
  isbn         = {{ 978-1-5090-2339-4 }},
  keywords     = {{Automation, Industry 4.0, Contactless Data Transmission, Contactless Energy Transmission, Wireless Communication}},
  location     = {{Aveiro, Portugal}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Flexible factory automation: Potentials of contactless transmission systems, combining state-of-the-art technologies}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496533}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{273,
  abstract     = {{This paper introduces an efficient modular solution kit for intralogistic drives, which reduces the total energy consumption of all drives in an automated warehouse by more than 15%. The reduction of energy consumption results from the interaction of optimized components (motors, control techniques and regeneration units), which are described in detail in this paper. Different motor concepts like the induction motor, the synchronous reluctance motor and the permanent magnet synchronous machine are compared according to the special requirements for intralogistics applications. Different control techniques are presented in order to achieve sensorless and efficient-optimal operation of these motors. The sensorless control technique uses signal injection to detect the rotor position sufficiently exact also in case of speed near standstill. Efficient-optimal operation is achieved by reducing the motor current with regard to the torque (MTPA-control). Furthermore this paper introduces a regeneration unit that can be connected between the DC link of frequency inverters and the mains to feed back regenerative energy. The regeneration unit consisting of a buck converter, a synchronous inverter and a line-filter can work in parallel to commonly used uncontrolled rectifiers. Its functioning is shown with the help of measurement results of a 1kW laboratory prototype. The last section shows a demonstrator in which a conventional conveyer system (with induction motor and braking resistor) is compared with an optimized one using the presented components. Power versus time measurements show specific energy savings resulting from the interaction of the optimized components.}},
  author       = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger and Stichweh, H. and Grabs, Volker}},
  booktitle    = {{2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-8007-4186-1}},
  keywords     = {{electric current control, induction motors, invertors, permanent magnet motors, reluctance motors, sensorless machine control, torque control, modular solution kit, intralogistic drives, automated warehouse, energy consumption reduction, optimized components interaction, induction motor, synchronous reluctance motor, permanent magnet synchronous machine, sensorless control technique, signal injection, rotor position, motor current, MTPA-control, regeneration unit, DC link, frequency inverters, buck converter, synchronous inverter, line-filter, Induction motors, Reluctance motors, Permanent magnet motors, Rotors, Torque, Inverters, intralogistics, reluctance motor, sensorless control, regeneration unit, braking energy}},
  location     = {{Karlsruhe}},
  pages        = {{1639--1646}},
  publisher    = {{VDE Verlag}},
  title        = {{{High Efficient Modular Drive System - An Ideal Approach for Green Intralogistics Applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/EPE.2016.7695687}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{4330,
  abstract     = {{Catchwords such as “Cyber-Physical-Systems” and “Industry 4.0” describe the current development of systems with embedded intelligence. These systems can be characterized by an increasing technical complexity that must be addressed in the user interface. In this paper we analyze the specific requirements posed by the interaction with cyber-physical-systems, present a coordinated approach to these requirements and illustrate our approach with a practical example of an assistance system for assembly workers in an industrial production environment.}},
  author       = {{Paelke, Volker and Röcker, Carsten}},
  booktitle    = {{Design, User Experience, and Usability: Design Discourse}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-319-20885-5}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial IT, User-Centered design, Usability, User interfaces, Cyber-Physical-Systems, Industry 4.0, Augmented reality, Development processes and methods}},
  location     = {{Los Angeles, CA, USA}},
  pages        = {{75--85 }},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{User Interfaces for Cyber-Physical Systems: Challenges and Possible Approaches. }}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-319-20886-2_8}},
  volume       = {{9186}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

@article{2271,
  author       = {{von Blanckenburg, Korbinian and Geist, Alexander}},
  issn         = {{0929-1261}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Law and Economics}},
  keywords     = {{Competition policy, Workability of markets, Industry studies, Cartel detection}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{15--33}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science + Business Media}},
  title        = {{{Detecting illegal activities: the case of cartels}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s10657-010-9167-x}},
  volume       = {{32}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}

@article{6760,
  author       = {{von Blanckenburg, Korbinian and Geist, Alexander}},
  issn         = {{1573-966X}},
  journal      = {{International Advances in Economic Research}},
  keywords     = {{Competition policy, Workability of markets, Industry studies}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{421--436}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{How Can a Cartel Be Detected?}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11294-009-9235-6}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}