@inproceedings{554,
  abstract     = {{Light guiding structures, like optical waveguides or fibers, take an important role in several industries, e.g. communication, sensing, illumination or medical applications. For the latter, it could be very interesting to have the possibility to manufacture problem-adapted structureswith a mechanicalfunctionality andwith additional embedded optical or electrical sensor functionalities.Modern additive manufacturing (AM) technologies like Stereolithography (SLA) or Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) may provide these opportunities.This paper is aimedto figure out the light guiding opportunities of both technologies. For this different kind of structures are built by FLM and SLA. To compare both manufacturing technologies, the layout of each structure is identical for both technologies. After manufacturing, the transmission and the attenuation of the guided light of these structures areanalyzed by measurement.Then the measurement results of the different technologies are compared with each other.}},
  author       = {{Beyer, Micha and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  booktitle    = {{Production engineering and management : proceedings 8th international conference, October 04 and 05, 2018, Lemgo, Germany}},
  editor       = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-03-0}},
  keywords     = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Optical sensors, SLA technology, FLM technology}},
  location     = {{Lemgo}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{70--82}},
  title        = {{{Comparsion of FLM and SLA Processing Technologies Towards Manufacturing of Optical Waveguides for Communicationi and Sensing Applications}}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{573,
  abstract     = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have not only revolutionized product development and design by enabling rapid prototyping. They also gained influence on production in general, mainly because of their direct manufacturing capabilities. In the context of Industry 4.0 and the related process automation, innovative and advanced production technologies with completely new approaches are required [1]. AM technologies contribute to this with their advantages like freedom of design, cost efficient product individualization, and functional integration. On the other hand, AM still shows shortcomings in exploiting its full potential. Most current AM technologies are only applicable for manufacturing with singular materials. In particular, opportunities for processing of optically or electrically conductive materials are still missing. This paper contributes to the advancement of additive manufacturing of two different material variants or even two completely different materials. A special focus is laid on producing a part that combines mechanical with optical or electrical functionalities in one process step. The ultimate goal is to integrate sensor functionalities into an AM object, e.g. strain gauges. Extrusion processes, predominantly Fused Layer Modeling (FLM), are preferred in this research due to their mechanically simple machine setup in which additional functional materials can be adapted easily to the build process. In a first step, the general manufacturability has been evaluated. Thereafter, the resulting optical transmission properties have been analyzed. Especially the attenuation has to remain below a threshold value to accomplish a minimum signal-to-noise ratio.}},
  author       = {{Ehlert, Patrick and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  booktitle    = {{Production Engineering and Management}},
  editor       = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-946856-01-6}},
  keywords     = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Electrical conductors, Embedded systems, FLM technology, Sensors}},
  location     = {{Pordenone, Italy}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{127--136}},
  title        = {{{Investigation on the Direct Manufacturing of Waveguides and Sensors Using FLM Technology}}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@inproceedings{585,
  abstract     = {{Many low-cost 3D printers have been brought to market over the last couple of years. Most of them apply a Fused Layer Manufacturing (FLM) process, and have made 3D printing a great success amongst hobbyists, the maker community and students. One drawback of such inexpensive equipment is a limited build envelope, which prevents this from becoming a significant contributor to industrial production. To overcome these limits, it is not sufficient to simply upscale dimensions, but the overall concept of such machines must be completely re-thought, as well as the concepts behind several building blocks, components and the process software system.
Problems such as shrinkage of build material, support material and machine parts in combination with long printer head travels, temperature distribution and moisture effects all have to be solved. In addition, larger parts need longer process times. Therefore, reduction of process times and an increase in productivity are necessary in order to enable economic production.
Some of these problems can be solved by using more than one printer head for production, by using new materials and inventing new nozzle systems as distinct solutions for big printers. Nevertheless, to solve all these problems, the development of special machines for large parts is necessary: not component-wise but as a whole system. Large parts could then be successfully produced in several industries, using large, inexpensive FLMmachines.
}},
  author       = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Witte, Lars}},
  booktitle    = {{Production Engineering and Management}},
  editor       = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-941645-11-0}},
  keywords     = {{3D printing, FLM, build envelope, large-scale, thermoplastic polymers}},
  location     = {{Trieste, Italy}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{111--122}},
  title        = {{{Large Scale 3D-Printers: The Challenge of Outgrowing Do-It-Yourself}}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}