---
_id: '10089'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Existing urban water infrastructures need to be modified if they are to cope
    with such challenges as demographic change, energy sufficiency and resource efficiency.
    It is believed that less centralised and hence more flexible systems adapt better
    to changing conditions. The main goal of this paper is to compare conventional
    and novel urban water infrastructures in five model areas in two German cities
    with regard to their sustainability. The novel technical options comprise modules
    such as blackwater and greywater separation, treatment and reuse as well as heat
    recovery, which are believed to be much more resource efficient than conventional
    systems. An assessment framework was developed which is able to comprehend corresponding
    transformation processes. An integrated assessment was conducted using multi-criteria
    decision analysis. The assessment results show that no particular technical option
    prevails over all the others and that the performance of the various options in
    the assessment is influenced by the general conditions found in the model areas.
    However, it can be concluded that novel water infrastructures can compete with
    or even perform better than conventional ones, especially when ecological and
    social criteria are emphasized.
author:
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Zimmermann, Martin
  last_name: Zimmermann
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Felmeden, Jörg
  id: '81335'
  last_name: Felmeden
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Michel, Bernhard
  last_name: Michel
citation:
  ama: Zimmermann M, Felmeden J, Michel B. Integrated Assessment of Novel Urban Water
    Infrastructures in Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg, Germany. <i>Water</i>. 2018;10(211).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211">https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211</a>
  apa: Zimmermann, M., Felmeden, J., &#38; Michel, B. (2018). Integrated Assessment
    of Novel Urban Water Infrastructures in Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg, Germany.
    <i>Water</i>, <i>10</i>(211). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211">https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211</a>
  bjps: <b>Zimmermann M, Felmeden J and Michel B</b> (2018) Integrated Assessment
    of Novel Urban Water Infrastructures in Frankfurt Am Main and Hamburg, Germany.
    <i>Water</i> <b>10</b>.
  chicago: Zimmermann, Martin, Jörg Felmeden, and Bernhard Michel. “Integrated Assessment
    of Novel Urban Water Infrastructures in Frankfurt Am Main and Hamburg, Germany.”
    <i>Water</i> 10, no. 211 (2018). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211">https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211</a>.
  chicago-de: Zimmermann, Martin, Jörg Felmeden und Bernhard Michel. 2018. Integrated
    Assessment of Novel Urban Water Infrastructures in Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg,
    Germany. <i>Water</i> 10, Nr. 211. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211">https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Zimmermann, Martin</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Felmeden, Jörg</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Michel,
    Bernhard</span>: Integrated Assessment of Novel Urban Water Infrastructures in
    Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg, Germany. In: <i>Water</i> Bd. 10. Basael, MDPI
    (2018), Nr. 211'
  havard: M. Zimmermann, J. Felmeden, B. Michel, Integrated Assessment of Novel Urban
    Water Infrastructures in Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg, Germany, Water. 10 (2018).
  ieee: 'M. Zimmermann, J. Felmeden, and B. Michel, “Integrated Assessment of Novel
    Urban Water Infrastructures in Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg, Germany,” <i>Water</i>,
    vol. 10, no. 211, 2018, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211">https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211</a>.'
  mla: Zimmermann, Martin, et al. “Integrated Assessment of Novel Urban Water Infrastructures
    in Frankfurt Am Main and Hamburg, Germany.” <i>Water</i>, vol. 10, no. 211, 2018,
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211">https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211</a>.
  short: M. Zimmermann, J. Felmeden, B. Michel, Water 10 (2018).
  ufg: '<b>Zimmermann, Martin/Felmeden, Jörg/Michel, Bernhard</b>: Integrated Assessment
    of Novel Urban Water Infrastructures in Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg, Germany,
    in: <i>Water</i> 10 (2018), H. 211.'
  van: Zimmermann M, Felmeden J, Michel B. Integrated Assessment of Novel Urban Water
    Infrastructures in Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg, Germany. Water. 2018;10(211).
date_created: 2023-06-30T06:30:47Z
date_updated: 2023-07-11T13:59:57Z
department:
- _id: DEP3021
doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020211
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        10'
issue: '211'
keyword:
- Bauwesen
- Effizienz
- Finanzierung
- Fracking
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
place: Basael
publication: Water
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '2073-4441 '
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
status: public
title: Integrated Assessment of Novel Urban Water Infrastructures in Frankfurt am
  Main and Hamburg, Germany
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 10
year: '2018'
...