@misc{9207, abstract = {{A new acceleration model for the reliability prediction of electrical connectors has recently been published. This model enables the evaluation of failure rates gained in highly accelerated life tests (HALT) and considers thermal and vibrational loading. However, since the initial study only covered a small set of test parameters, further study of the model is required. Previous studies have sufficiently investigated the influence of the vibration test mode on the failure rate of electrical connectors. Therefore, this study now focuses on the influence of the thermal cycling test. A commonly used automotive connector is chosen and subjected to stresses in HALT covering various upper temperatures, test durations and thermal cycling frequencies. Additionally, the principles of determining the coefficient of temperature difference and the coefficient of the thermal cycling frequency are presented, since these coefficients are connector specific and required for the acceleration model. Based on the numbers of failures in test, the influence of the various thermal cycling tests is discussed, and the coefficients are calculated for the chosen connector. In conclusion a guideline to select an appropriate upper temperature and test duration in order to compare the reliability of different electrical connectors is provided.}}, author = {{Krüger, Kevin and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{Microelectronics reliability : an internat. journal & world abstracting service}}, issn = {{0026-2714}}, keywords = {{Electrical connectors, Life test, Thermal cycling, Upper temperature Duration, Temperature difference, Cycling frequency}}, number = {{November 2022}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{The influence of thermal cycling test parameters on the failure rate of electrical connectors}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2022.114633}}, volume = {{138}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{12231, abstract = {{In temperate lakes, it is generally assumed that light rather than temperature constrains phytoplankton growth in winter. Rapid winter warming and increasing observations of winter blooms warrant more investigation of these controls. We investigated the mechanisms regulating a massive winter diatom bloom in a temperate lake. High frequency data and process-based lake modeling demonstrated that phytoplankton growth in winter was dually controlled by light and temperature, rather than by light alone. Water temperature played a further indirect role in initiating the bloom through ice-thaw, which increased light exposure. The bloom was ultimately terminated by silicon limitation and sedimentation. These mechanisms differ from those typically responsible for spring diatom blooms and contributed to the high peak biomass. Our findings show that phytoplankton growth in winter is more sensitive to temperature, and consequently to climate change, than previously assumed. This has implications for nutrient cycling and seasonal succession of lake phytoplankton communities. The present study exemplifies the strength in integrating data analysis with different temporal resolutions and lake modeling. The new lake ecological model serves as an effective tool in analyzing and predicting winter phytoplankton dynamics for temperate lakes.}}, author = {{Kong, Xiangzhen and Seewald, Michael and Dadi, Tallent and Friese, Kurt and Mi, Chenxi and Boehrer, Bertram and Schultze, Martin and Rinke, Karsten and Shatwell, Tom}}, booktitle = {{Water research : a journal of the International Water Association}}, issn = {{1879-2448}}, keywords = {{Winter diatom bloom, High frequency monitoring, Lake modeling, Light limitation, Temperature}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Unravelling winter diatom blooms in temperate lakes using high frequency data and ecological modeling}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.watres.2020.116681}}, volume = {{190}}, year = {{2020}}, } @unpublished{2372, abstract = {{Novel industrial wireless applications require wideband, real-time channel characterization due to complex multipath propagation. Rapid machine motion leads to fast time variance of the channel's reflective behavior, which must be captured for radio channel characterization. Additionally, inhomogeneous radio channels demand highly flexible measurements. Existing approaches for radio channel measurements either lack flexibility or wide-band, real-time performance with fast time variance. In this paper, we propose a correlative channel sounding approach utilizing a software-defined architecture. The approach enables real-time, wide-band measurements with fast time variance immune to active interference. The desired performance is validated with a demanding industrial application example.}}, author = {{Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Block, Dimitri and Meier, Uwe}}, booktitle = {{arXiv:1805.01236}}, keywords = {{Correlation, Wireless communication, Real-time systems, Logic gates, Frequency measurement, Libraries, Time measurement}}, pages = {{6}}, title = {{{A Software-Defined Channel Sounder for Industrial Environments with Fast Time Variance}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{2374, abstract = {{Novel industrial wireless applications require wideband, real-time channel characterization due to complex multipath propagation. Rapid machine motion leads to fast time variance of the channel's reflective behavior, which must be captured for radio channel characterization. Additionally, inhomogeneous radio channels demand highly flexible measurements. Existing approaches for radio channel measurements either lack flexibility or wide-band, real-time performance with fast time variance. In this paper, we propose a correlative channel sounding approach utilizing a software-defined architecture. The approach enables wide-band measurements with fast time variance immune to active interference. Furthermore, its real-time capability allows live processing on demand. The desired performance is validated with a demanding industrial application example.}}, author = {{Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Block, Dimitri and Meier, Uwe}}, booktitle = {{2018 15th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)}}, isbn = {{9781538650059}}, keywords = {{Correlation, Wireless communication, Real-time systems, Logic gates, Frequency measurement, Libraries, Time measurement}}, location = {{Lisbon, Portugal}}, title = {{{A Software-Defined Channel Sounder for Industrial Environments with Fast Time Variance}}}, doi = {{10.1109/iswcs.2018.8491207}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{2376, abstract = {{Wireless industrial environments are dominated by multipath propagation and interference. In order to handle spatial diversity, a possible approach is dividing the physical area into many small cells. The spatial diversity is turned into FDMA by utilizing different frequency bands for neighboring cells. A challenging use case with fast vehicles traveling over long distances in a short time is the packaging industry. It would require many fast handoffs for each vehicle. Thus, a small cell FDMA approach is not appropriate. Conversely, employing radiating lines eliminates FDMA-based handoff issues, and reduces multipath delay spread and signal attenuation compared to centralized approaches. Additionally, radiating lines perform well in high-speed, low-power and long-range environments. In this paper, we realize a novel radiating-line-based, high-reliable, real-time transmission system with near-field coupling. This wireless transmission method results in a frequency-flat, time-invariant radio channel for the given requirements. Employing antenna diversity results in significant improvements in the system's performance compared to single antenna solutions.}}, author = {{Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Meier, Uwe and Neugebauer, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}}, isbn = {{9781538671085}}, keywords = {{Spatial diversity, Antenna measurements, Real-time systems, Frequency measurement, Couplings, Antennas}}, location = {{ Turin, Italy}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Performance Analysis of a High-Reliable Real-Time Wireless Transmission System with Near Field Coupling}}}, doi = {{10.1109/etfa.2018.8502494}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{273, abstract = {{This paper introduces an efficient modular solution kit for intralogistic drives, which reduces the total energy consumption of all drives in an automated warehouse by more than 15%. The reduction of energy consumption results from the interaction of optimized components (motors, control techniques and regeneration units), which are described in detail in this paper. Different motor concepts like the induction motor, the synchronous reluctance motor and the permanent magnet synchronous machine are compared according to the special requirements for intralogistics applications. Different control techniques are presented in order to achieve sensorless and efficient-optimal operation of these motors. The sensorless control technique uses signal injection to detect the rotor position sufficiently exact also in case of speed near standstill. Efficient-optimal operation is achieved by reducing the motor current with regard to the torque (MTPA-control). Furthermore this paper introduces a regeneration unit that can be connected between the DC link of frequency inverters and the mains to feed back regenerative energy. The regeneration unit consisting of a buck converter, a synchronous inverter and a line-filter can work in parallel to commonly used uncontrolled rectifiers. Its functioning is shown with the help of measurement results of a 1kW laboratory prototype. The last section shows a demonstrator in which a conventional conveyer system (with induction motor and braking resistor) is compared with an optimized one using the presented components. Power versus time measurements show specific energy savings resulting from the interaction of the optimized components.}}, author = {{Austermann, Johann and Borcherding, Holger and Stichweh, H. and Grabs, Volker}}, booktitle = {{2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)}}, isbn = {{978-3-8007-4186-1}}, keywords = {{electric current control, induction motors, invertors, permanent magnet motors, reluctance motors, sensorless machine control, torque control, modular solution kit, intralogistic drives, automated warehouse, energy consumption reduction, optimized components interaction, induction motor, synchronous reluctance motor, permanent magnet synchronous machine, sensorless control technique, signal injection, rotor position, motor current, MTPA-control, regeneration unit, DC link, frequency inverters, buck converter, synchronous inverter, line-filter, Induction motors, Reluctance motors, Permanent magnet motors, Rotors, Torque, Inverters, intralogistics, reluctance motor, sensorless control, regeneration unit, braking energy}}, location = {{Karlsruhe}}, pages = {{1639--1646}}, publisher = {{VDE Verlag}}, title = {{{High Efficient Modular Drive System - An Ideal Approach for Green Intralogistics Applications}}}, doi = {{10.1109/EPE.2016.7695687}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{2375, abstract = {{Industrial wireless communication in license-free spectrum bands such as the 2.4-GHz-ISM band suffer from motion and multipath effects, which cause a high time- and frequency-variant channel attenuation. Additionally, mutual interference from heterogeneous wireless technologies limits real-time capabilities of industrial wireless technologies. Therefore, performance validations of industrial wireless technologies within appropriate industrial wireless environments are necessary. In this paper, we present the first raw measurement data set publication of an industrial wireless environment characterization in a data repository for free public access to enable transparent industrial wireless technology validation and to enhance their comparability. We characterize the whole license-free 2.4-GHz-ISM band with a time resolution of 110 μs and a frequency resolution of 1MHz in a coexistence scenario with four antennas obstructed by robot arm movements. Additionally, the frequency and time variance of the measured channel attenuations are analyzed.}}, author = {{Block, Dimitri and Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Toews, Daniel and Meier, Uwe}}, booktitle = {{2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)}}, isbn = {{9781467379298}}, keywords = {{Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Antenna measurements, Attenuation measurement, Extraterrestrial measurements, Time-frequency analysis}}, location = {{ Luxembourg, Luxembourg}}, title = {{{Wireless channel measurement data sets for reproducible performance evaluation in industrial environments}}}, doi = {{10.1109/etfa.2015.7301599}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4493, abstract = {{This paper provides an introduction into the evolution of information and communication technology and illustrates its usage in the work domain. The paper is sub-divided into two parts. The first part gives an overview over the different phases of information processing in the work domain. It starts by charting the past and present usage of computers in work environments and shows current technological trends, which are likely to influence future business applications. The second part starts by briefly describing, how the usage of computers changed business processes in the past, and presents first Ambient Intelligence applications based on identification and localization information, which are already used in the production and retail sector. Based on current systems and prototype applications, the paper gives an outlook of how Ambient Intelligence technologies could change business processes in the future. }}, author = {{Röcker, Carsten}}, issn = {{1307-6892}}, journal = {{International Journal of Information and Communication Engineering}}, keywords = {{Ubiquitous Computing, Ambient intelligence, business applications, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{1830 -- 1841}}, publisher = {{World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, WASET }}, title = {{{Chances and Challenges of Intelligent Technologies in the Production and Retail Sector}}}, doi = {{10.5281/zenodo.1063024}}, volume = {{4}}, year = {{2010}}, } @misc{8274, abstract = {{The need for multiple radio systems in overlapping regions of a factory plant introduces a coexistence problem. The current research challenge is to design and realize radio systems that should be able to achieve a desired quality of service (QoS) in this coexisting environment. Currently transmission resources of hyperspace are not properly exploited. The cognitive radio (CR), which can adapt to the environmental changes by reconfiguring itself, can be used to implement intelligent radio systems to exploit the orthogonal nature of multiple dimensions of hyperspace to maintain the desired QoS in coexisting factory environments. We present initial results of a coexistence optimized CR which can exploit frequency and power, which are two of several dimensions of hyperspace, to improve its QoS in coexisting environments.}}, author = {{Ahmad, Kaleem and Meier, Uwe and Pape, Andreas and Kwasnicka, Halina and Griese, Bjoern}}, booktitle = {{ 2009 6th IEEE Annual Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks Workshops}}, isbn = {{978-1-4244-3938-6}}, keywords = {{Cognitive radio, Quality of service, Space technology, Frequency, Production facilities, Chromium, Manufacturing automation, Intelligent systems, Polarization, Testing}}, location = {{Rome, Italy }}, publisher = {{IEEE }}, title = {{{A Generic Cognitive Radio for Evaluating Coexistence Optimized Industrial Automation Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/SAHCNW.2009.5172916}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{4678, abstract = {{This paper provides an introduction into the evolution of information and communication technology and illustrates its usage in the work domain. The paper is sub-divided into two parts. The first part gives an overview over the different phases of information processing in the work domain. It starts by charting the past and present usage of computers in work environments and shows current technological trends, which are likely to influence future business applications. The second part starts by briefly describing, how the usage of computers changed business processes in the past, and presents first Ambient Intelligence applications based on identification and localization information, which are already used in the production and retail sector. Based on current systems and prototype applications, the paper gives an outlook of how Ambient Intelligence technologies could change business processes in the future.}}, author = {{Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovation, Management and Technology (ICIMT'09)}}, issn = {{1307-6892}}, keywords = {{Ambient Intelligence, Ubiquitous Computing, Business Applications, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).}}, location = {{Tokyo, Japan}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{592 -- 603}}, publisher = {{World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology}}, title = {{{Ambient Intelligence in the Production and Retail Sector: Emerging Opportunities and Potential Pitfalls}}}, doi = {{10.5281/zenodo.1083085}}, volume = {{3}}, year = {{2009}}, }