---
_id: '7670'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Additive manufacturing (AM) and rapid prototyping process (RPP) have revolutionized
the production of 3D objects in the last few decades. RPP has considerably increased
the rate of production and the possibility of manufacturing prototypes in the
fields of electrical, optical, and mechanical engineering. The manufacturing of
optical prototypes including spherical, aspheric, and special kinds of lenses
and lens arrays has reformed the fabrication of optical components. In this paper,
specifically designed lens array prototypes for application in visible light communication
(VLC) are introduced. These lens array prototypes are manufactured using the stereolithography
apparatus (SLA) process. These lens arrays are designed to achieve optimal transmission
of the light beam for VLC systems. One of the prototypes from the lens arrays
contains primarily four spherical lenses and one thicker convex lens and the other
contains one fresnel lens as a substitute for thicker convex lens. These lens
arrays are further post-processed to achieve the required transparency. These
lens array prototypes are tested using laser and LEDs. The ON-OFF keying modulated
light beam was transmitted through the lens array at the sender side and focused
on the photo-receiver using another lens array at the receiver side which is 200
cm apart. After evaluating these lens prototypes, it can be concluded that with
appropriate post-processing and high-resolution stereolithography based manufacturing,
a low data rate VLC link can be formed.
author:
- first_name: Abhijeet Narendra
full_name: Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra
id: '74090'
last_name: Shrotri
orcid: 0000-0003-2116-156X
- first_name: Micha
full_name: Beyer, Micha
id: '71403'
last_name: Beyer
- first_name: Daniel Johann
full_name: Schneider, Daniel Johann
id: '71057'
last_name: Schneider
- first_name: Oliver
full_name: Stübbe, Oliver
id: '51864'
last_name: Stübbe
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-6893
citation:
ama: Shrotri AN, Beyer M, Schneider DJ, Stübbe O. Manufacturing of Lens Array
Prototypes Containing Spherical and Fresnel Lenses for Visible Light Communications
Using Stereolithography Apparatus. Vol 11677. (Helvajian H, Gu B, Chen H,
eds.). Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers; 2021. doi:10.1117/12.2586907
apa: Shrotri, A. N., Beyer, M., Schneider, D. J., & Stübbe, O. (2021). Manufacturing
of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light
communications using stereolithography apparatus. In H. Helvajian, B. Gu, &
H. Chen (Eds.), Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII (Vol. 11677). Society of Photo-Optical
Instrumentation Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907
bjps: 'Shrotri AN et al. (2021) Manufacturing of Lens Array Prototypes
Containing Spherical and Fresnel Lenses for Visible Light Communications Using
Stereolithography Apparatus, Helvajian H, Gu B and Chen H (eds). San Francisco:
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.'
chicago: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, Micha Beyer, Daniel Johann Schneider, and
Oliver Stübbe. Manufacturing of Lens Array Prototypes Containing Spherical
and Fresnel Lenses for Visible Light Communications Using Stereolithography Apparatus.
Edited by Henry Helvajian, Bo Gu, and Hongqiang Chen. Laser 3D Manufacturing
VIII. Vol. 11677. Proceedings of SPIE. San Francisco: Society of Photo-Optical
Instrumentation Engineers, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907.'
chicago-de: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, Micha Beyer, Daniel Johann Schneider und
Oliver Stübbe. 2021. Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical
and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus.
Hg. von Henry Helvajian, Bo Gu, und Hongqiang Chen. Laser 3D Manufacturing
VIII. Bd. 11677. Proceedings of SPIE. San Francisco: Society of Photo-Optical
Instrumentation Engineers. doi:10.1117/12.2586907,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra
; Beyer, Micha ; Schneider,
Daniel Johann ; Stübbe, Oliver
; Helvajian, H. ; Gu,
B. ; Chen, H. (Hrsg.): Manufacturing
of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light
communications using stereolithography apparatus, Proceedings of SPIE.
Bd. 11677. San Francisco : Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,
2021'
havard: A.N. Shrotri, M. Beyer, D.J. Schneider, O. Stübbe, Manufacturing of lens
array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications
using stereolithography apparatus, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,
San Francisco, 2021.
ieee: 'A. N. Shrotri, M. Beyer, D. J. Schneider, and O. Stübbe, Manufacturing
of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light
communications using stereolithography apparatus, vol. 11677. San Francisco:
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2021. doi: 10.1117/12.2586907.'
mla: Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, et al. “Manufacturing of Lens Array Prototypes
Containing Spherical and Fresnel Lenses for Visible Light Communications Using
Stereolithography Apparatus.” Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII, edited by Henry
Helvajian et al., vol. 11677, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,
2021, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907.
short: A.N. Shrotri, M. Beyer, D.J. Schneider, O. Stübbe, Manufacturing of Lens
Array Prototypes Containing Spherical and Fresnel Lenses for Visible Light Communications
Using Stereolithography Apparatus, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,
San Francisco, 2021.
ufg: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra u. a.: Manufacturing of lens array prototypes
containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using
stereolithography apparatus, Bd. 11677, hg. von Helvajian, Henry/Gu, Bo/Chen,
Hongqiang, San Francisco 2021 (Proceedings of SPIE).'
van: 'Shrotri AN, Beyer M, Schneider DJ, Stübbe O. Manufacturing of lens array prototypes
containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using
stereolithography apparatus. Helvajian H, Gu B, Chen H, editors. Laser 3D Manufacturing
VIII. San Francisco: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers; 2021.
(Proceedings of SPIE; vol. 11677).'
conference:
end_date: 2021-02-02
location: 'San Francisco '
name: SPIE Photonics West LASE Proc. SPIE 11677, Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII, 1167717
start_date: 2021-01-28
date_created: 2022-04-19T10:20:55Z
date_updated: 2024-04-19T11:54:33Z
department:
- _id: DEP5020
- _id: DEP6020
- _id: DEP5000
doi: 10.1117/12.2586907
editor:
- first_name: Henry
full_name: Helvajian, Henry
last_name: Helvajian
- first_name: Bo
full_name: Gu, Bo
last_name: Gu
- first_name: Hongqiang
full_name: Chen, Hongqiang
last_name: Chen
intvolume: ' 11677'
keyword:
- Additive manufacturing
- 3D printing
- Stereolithography apparatus
- Spherical lenses
- Fresnel lenses
- Visible light communication
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2586907
place: San Francisco
publication: Laser 3D Manufacturing VIII
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-1-5106-4190-7
eissn:
- 1996-756X
isbn:
- 978-1-5106-4189-1
issn:
- 0277-786X
publication_status: published
publisher: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
series_title: Proceedings of SPIE
status: public
title: Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses
for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '51864'
volume: 11677
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '7676'
author:
- first_name: Abhijeet Narendra
full_name: Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra
id: '74090'
last_name: Shrotri
orcid: 0000-0003-2116-156X
- first_name: Micha
full_name: Beyer, Micha
id: '71403'
last_name: Beyer
- first_name: Oliver
full_name: Stübbe, Oliver
id: '51864'
last_name: Stübbe
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-6893
citation:
ama: Shrotri AN, Beyer M, Stübbe O. Manufacturing and Analyzing of Cost-Efficient
Fresnel Lenses Using Stereolithography. Vol 11349. (von Freymann G, Herkommer
AM, Flury M, eds.). SPIE; 2020. doi:10.1117/12.2555367
apa: 'Shrotri, A. N., Beyer, M., & Stübbe, O. (2020). Manufacturing and analyzing
of cost-efficient fresnel lenses using stereolithography. In G. von Freymann,
A. M. Herkommer, & M. Flury (Eds.), 3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic
Manufacturing II : 6-10 April 2020, online only, France (Vol. 11349). SPIE.
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555367'
bjps: 'Shrotri AN, Beyer M and Stübbe O (2020) Manufacturing and Analyzing
of Cost-Efficient Fresnel Lenses Using Stereolithography, von Freymann G,
Herkommer AM and Flury M (eds). Bellingham, Washington, USA: SPIE.'
chicago: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, Micha Beyer, and Oliver Stübbe. Manufacturing
and Analyzing of Cost-Efficient Fresnel Lenses Using Stereolithography. Edited
by Georg von Freymann, Alois M. Herkommer, and Manuel Flury. 3D Printed Optics
and Additive Photonic Manufacturing II : 6-10 April 2020, Online Only, France
. Vol. 11349. Proceedings of SPIE. Bellingham, Washington, USA: SPIE, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555367.'
chicago-de: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, Micha Beyer und Oliver Stübbe. 2020. Manufacturing
and analyzing of cost-efficient fresnel lenses using stereolithography. Hg.
von Georg von Freymann, Alois M. Herkommer, und Manuel Flury. 3D Printed Optics
and Additive Photonic Manufacturing II : 6-10 April 2020, online only, France
. Bd. 11349. Proceedings of SPIE. Bellingham, Washington, USA: SPIE. doi:10.1117/12.2555367, .'
din1505-2-1: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra
; Beyer, Micha ; Stübbe,
Oliver ; von Freymann, G.
; Herkommer, A. M. ; Flury,
M. (Hrsg.): Manufacturing and analyzing of cost-efficient fresnel lenses
using stereolithography, Proceedings of SPIE. Bd. 11349. Bellingham,
Washington, USA : SPIE, 2020'
havard: A.N. Shrotri, M. Beyer, O. Stübbe, Manufacturing and analyzing of cost-efficient
fresnel lenses using stereolithography, SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, USA, 2020.
ieee: 'A. N. Shrotri, M. Beyer, and O. Stübbe, Manufacturing and analyzing of
cost-efficient fresnel lenses using stereolithography, vol. 11349. Bellingham,
Washington, USA: SPIE, 2020. doi: 10.1117/12.2555367.'
mla: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra, et al. “Manufacturing and Analyzing of Cost-Efficient
Fresnel Lenses Using Stereolithography.” 3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic
Manufacturing II : 6-10 April 2020, Online Only, France , edited by Georg
von Freymann et al., vol. 11349, SPIE, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555367.'
short: A.N. Shrotri, M. Beyer, O. Stübbe, Manufacturing and Analyzing of Cost-Efficient
Fresnel Lenses Using Stereolithography, SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, USA, 2020.
ufg: 'Shrotri, Abhijeet Narendra/Beyer, Micha/Stübbe, Oliver: Manufacturing
and analyzing of cost-efficient fresnel lenses using stereolithography, Bd. 11349,
hg. von Freymann, Georg von/Herkommer, Alois M./Flury, Manuel, Bellingham, Washington,
USA 2020 ( Proceedings of SPIE).'
van: 'Shrotri AN, Beyer M, Stübbe O. Manufacturing and analyzing of cost-efficient
fresnel lenses using stereolithography. von Freymann G, Herkommer AM, Flury M,
editors. 3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic Manufacturing II : 6-10 April
2020, online only, France . Bellingham, Washington, USA: SPIE; 2020. ( Proceedings
of SPIE; vol. 11349).'
conference:
end_date: 2020-04-10
location: Strasbourg (online)
name: 3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic Manufacturing ; SPIE Photonics Europe
- Digital Forum
start_date: 2020-04-06
date_created: 2022-04-19T10:46:32Z
date_updated: 2024-04-19T12:02:02Z
department:
- _id: DEP5020
- _id: DEP6020
- _id: DEP5000
doi: 10.1117/12.2555367
editor:
- first_name: Georg
full_name: von Freymann, Georg
last_name: von Freymann
- first_name: Alois M.
full_name: Herkommer, Alois M.
last_name: Herkommer
- first_name: Manuel
full_name: Flury, Manuel
last_name: Flury
intvolume: ' 11349'
keyword:
- Fresnel lenses
- Stereolithography apparatus
- 3D printing
- Photo-polymerization
language:
- iso: eng
place: Bellingham, Washington, USA
publication: '3D Printed Optics and Additive Photonic Manufacturing II : 6-10 April
2020, online only, France '
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- ' 978-1-5106-3471-8 '
eissn:
- 1996-756X
isbn:
- 978-1-5106-3470-1
issn:
- 0277-786X
publication_status: published
publisher: SPIE
series_title: ' Proceedings of SPIE'
status: public
title: Manufacturing and analyzing of cost-efficient fresnel lenses using stereolithography
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '51864'
volume: 11349
year: '2020'
...