[{"type":"conference_editor_article","publisher":"Curran Associates, Inc. ","editor":[{"first_name":"Andres Q.","last_name":"Nyrud","full_name":"Nyrud, Andres Q."},{"full_name":"Malo, Kjell Arne ","last_name":"Malo","first_name":"Kjell Arne "},{"full_name":"Nore, Kristine","last_name":"Nore","first_name":"Kristine"}],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087","date_updated":"2023-10-25T12:59:07Z","user_id":"26232","year":"2023","department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"status":"public","keyword":["Oil palm lumber","glue laminated timber","GLT","strength grading","elastomechanical properties"],"abstract":[{"text":"The wood from oil palm trunks exhibits significant variations in distribution of structural tissue, density and elastomechanical properties across and along the trunk. Its reliable, safe, and economic usage for load-bearing purposes, such as glued laminated timber (GLT), requires a precise definition of its elastomechanical properties through appropriate strength grading procedures. Oil palm lumber is strength graded according to its density using an X-ray technique in which 50 % of the lamellas are ripped, graded, edge glued and therefore density homogenized, and 50 % are cut only according to their geometry. Lamellas are tested in tension parallel to the vascular bundles; combined GLT is produced from strength-graded lamellas and tested in bending parallel and compression parallel and perpendicular to the vascular bundles. The characteristic strength values for C10 and C14 according to EN 338 are achieved. A correlation between density and elastomechanical properties is estab-lished. GLT from density-homogenized lamellas achieve higher bending properties than from lamellas with a “natural” density gradient across the width.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"638-646","conference":{"location":"Oslo, Norway","start_date":"2023-06-19","end_date":"2023-06-22","name":"13.  World Conference on Timber Engineering WCTE 2023"},"author":[{"last_name":"Frühwald-König","id":"26232","full_name":"Frühwald-König, Katja","first_name":"Katja"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781713873297"],"eisbn":["9781713873273"]},"place":"Red Hook, NY, USA ","citation":{"bjps":"<b>Frühwald-König K</b> (2023) <i>Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber</i>, Nyrud AQ, Malo KA and Nore K (eds). Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. .","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Frühwald-König, Katja</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Nyrud, A. Q.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Malo, K. A.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Nore, K.</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber</i>. Red Hook, NY, USA  : Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023","chicago":"Frühwald-König, Katja. <i>Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber</i>. Edited by Andres Q. Nyrud, Kjell Arne  Malo, and Kristine Nore. <i>Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway </i>. Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087</a>.","ieee":"K. Frühwald-König, <i>Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber</i>. Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023, pp. 638–646. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087</a>.","ama":"Frühwald-König K. <i>Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber</i>. (Nyrud AQ, Malo KA, Nore K, eds.). Curran Associates, Inc. ; 2023:638-646. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087</a>","van":"Frühwald-König K. Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. Nyrud AQ, Malo KA, Nore K, editors. Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. ; 2023.","short":"K. Frühwald-König, Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, Curran Associates, Inc. , Red Hook, NY, USA , 2023.","apa":"Frühwald-König, K. (2023). Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber. In A. Q. Nyrud, K. A. Malo, &#38; K. Nore (Eds.), <i>Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway </i> (pp. 638–646). Curran Associates, Inc. . <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087</a>","mla":"Frühwald-König, Katja. “Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber.” <i>Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway </i>, edited by Andres Q. Nyrud et al., Curran Associates, Inc. , 2023, pp. 638–46, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087</a>.","ufg":"<b>Frühwald-König, Katja</b>: Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, hg. von Nyrud, Andres Q./Malo, Kjell Arne/Nore, Kristine, Red Hook, NY, USA  2023.","chicago-de":"Frühwald-König, Katja. 2023. <i>Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber</i>. Hg. von Andres Q. Nyrud, Kjell Arne  Malo, und Kristine Nore. <i>Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway </i>. Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc. . doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0087</a>, .","havard":"K. Frühwald-König, Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber, Curran Associates, Inc. , Red Hook, NY, USA , 2023."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2023-09-14T18:30:58Z","publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"url":"www.proceedings.com/69179.html"}],"title":"Elastomechanical Properties of Glued Laminated Timber made of Strength Graded Oil Palm Lumber","publication":"Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway ","_id":"10333"},{"publication":"Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway ","_id":"10602","author":[{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Hackel, Martin","id":"79798","last_name":"Hackel"}],"publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["978-1-7138-7327-3"],"isbn":["978-1-7138-7329-7"]},"citation":{"ufg":"<b>Hackel, Martin</b>: FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, hg. von Nyrud, Anders Q. u. a., Red Hook, NY, USA 2023.","chicago":"Hackel, Martin. <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>. Edited by Anders Q.  Nyrud, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , and Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo. <i>Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway </i>. Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc., 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088</a>.","chicago-de":"Hackel, Martin. 2023. <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>. Hg. von Anders Q.  Nyrud, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , und Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo. <i>Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway </i>. Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">10.52202/069179-0088</a>, .","short":"M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 2023.","bjps":"<b>Hackel M</b> (2023) <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>, Nyrud AQ et al. (eds). Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hackel, Martin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Nyrud, A. Q.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet </span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet </span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo</span> (Hrsg.): <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>. Red Hook, NY, USA : Curran Associates, Inc., 2023","mla":"Hackel, Martin. “FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD.” <i>Timber for a Livable Future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway </i>, edited by Anders Q.  Nyrud et al., Curran Associates, Inc., 2023, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088</a>.","apa":"Hackel, M. (2023). FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. In A. Q. Nyrud, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , &#38; Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo (Eds.), <i>Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway </i>. Curran Associates, Inc. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088</a>","van":"Hackel M. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Nyrud AQ, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo, editors. Timber for a livable future : World Conference on Timber Engineering : WCTE 2023 : 19-22 June 2023, Oslo, Norway . Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc.; 2023.","ama":"Hackel M. <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>. (Nyrud AQ, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet , Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo, eds.). Curran Associates, Inc.; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">10.52202/069179-0088</a>","ieee":"M. Hackel, <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>. Red Hook, NY, USA: Curran Associates, Inc., 2023. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">10.52202/069179-0088</a>.","havard":"M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 2023."},"place":"Red Hook, NY, USA","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2023-10-26T13:59:52Z","title":"FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD","user_id":"83781","year":"2023","corporate_editor":["Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet ","Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet ","Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo"],"department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"status":"public","keyword":["Oil palm wood","finite element method (FEM)","GLT","modulus of elasticity","flexural strength"],"abstract":[{"text":"The anatomical structure of oil palm wood is only to a limited extent comparable to common wood species used in construction. Typical for monocotyledons, the material is composed of high density vascular bundles and a parenchymatous tissue of lower density. In three experiment sets, the local and global moduli of elasticity (MOE) and the flexural strength of oil palm wood based GLT are determined using FEM and various influencing parameters are investigated in a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the application of densified tension lamellas is studied. The results of the modelling are compared with the results from mechanical tests. Significant differences, mainly attributed to the specific parameters of the selected material, are observed. The results of this preliminary study serve as a starting point for computer-aided optimisation and modelling of other oil palm-based products.","lang":"eng"}],"conference":{"location":"Oslo (Norwegen)","name":"13th World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)","end_date":"2023-06-22","start_date":"2023-06-19"},"type":"conference_editor_article","editor":[{"full_name":"Nyrud, Anders Q. ","last_name":"Nyrud","first_name":"Anders Q. "}],"publisher":"Curran Associates, Inc.","date_updated":"2024-06-03T14:10:01Z","doi":"10.52202/069179-0088"},{"publication":"World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)","_id":"10786","oa":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Hackel, Martin","id":"79798","last_name":"Hackel","first_name":"Martin"}],"date_created":"2023-11-21T07:44:35Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ama":"Hackel M. <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023); 2023:647-656. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">10.52202/069179-0088</a>","van":"Hackel M. FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023); 2023.","ieee":"M. Hackel, <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023, pp. 647–656. doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">10.52202/069179-0088</a>.","chicago":"Hackel, Martin. <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>. <i>World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)</i>. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088</a>.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hackel, Martin</span>: <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i> : World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023","bjps":"<b>Hackel M</b> (2023) <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023).","havard":"M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023.","chicago-de":"Hackel, Martin. 2023. <i>FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</i>. <i>World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)</i>. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">10.52202/069179-0088</a>, .","ufg":"<b>Hackel, Martin</b>: FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, o. O. 2023.","apa":"Hackel, M. (2023). FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. In <i>World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)</i> (pp. 647–656). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088</a>","mla":"Hackel, Martin. “FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD.” <i>World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)</i>, World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023, pp. 647–56, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088\">https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0088</a>.","short":"M. Hackel, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023."},"title":"FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM WOOD BASED GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.proceedings.com/content/069/069179-0088open.pdf","open_access":"1"}],"department":[{"_id":"DEP7018"},{"_id":"DEP1309"}],"year":"2023","user_id":"79798","status":"public","keyword":["Oil palm wood","finite element method (FEM)","GLT","modulus of elasticity","flexural strength"],"page":"647-656","conference":{"name":"World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)","end_date":"2023-06-22","start_date":"2023-06-19","location":"Oslo (Norwegen)"},"abstract":[{"text":"The anatomical structure of oil palm wood is only to a limited extent comparable to common wood species\r\nused in construction. Typical for monocotyledons, the material is composed of high density vascular bundles and a\r\nparenchymatous tissue of lower density. In three experiment sets, the local and global moduli of elasticity (MOE) and the flexural strength of oil palm wood based GLT are determined using FEM and various influencing parameters are\r\ninvestigated in a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the application of densified tension lamellas is studied. The results of the modelling are compared with the results from mechanical tests. Significant differences, mainly attributed to the\r\nspecific parameters of the selected material, are observed. The results of this preliminary study serve as a starting point for computer-aided optimisation and modelling of other oil palm-based products.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"conference_editor_article","publisher":"World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)","doi":"10.52202/069179-0088","date_updated":"2025-05-24T13:21:52Z"}]