@misc{12023, author = {{Müller, Ulrich and Ibrahem, Riham and Al Krad, Majed and Schwarzer, Knut and Wilhelm, Patrick}}, keywords = {{steam sterilization, dried plants, wet plants, decontamination, active substances}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, title = {{{Das Lemgoer Mechanische Sattdampfverfahren für pflanzliche Materialien – Retrospektive und neue Erfahrungen}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12213, abstract = {{Within freshwater networks, lakes and reservoirs are reactors that modify nutrient dynamics. Their functioning is based on an interplay of hydrological and biogeochemical processes, rendering them vulnerable to climate change. Future changes in catchment characteristics are likely to alter the timing and magnitude of nutrient concentrations in discharge. This study investigated the impact of changing variability of nutrient concentrations on lake and reservoir dynamics. We examined intraannual nutrient retention and analyzed the role of reservoirs in reconfiguring the variability of nutrients. Utilizing the 1D lake model GOTM-WET, we simulated nutrient processing in a mesotrophic reservoir. Further, we performed scenario simulations by modifying the variability of inflow nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Our findings indicate that the reservoir removed ∼4% and ∼12% of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. Particulate fractions were retained efficiently, but there was a net export of dissolved organic fractions. Regarding mixing and stratification periods, however, we observed net nitrogen export during stratification in certain years. During stratification, outflow concentration variability remained relatively unchanged for TN and TP compared to inflow concentrations. Conversely, phosphate and nitrate concentration variability increased in the outflow because of in-lake assimilation and the influence of hydrological events. With increasing inflow concentration variability during stratification, there was decreased removal of TN and TP by the reservoir, but increased variability of concentration. By evaluating the lake's capacity to attenuate variability of nutrient inflows under altered conditions, there are opportunities to improve monitoring of nutrient export and evaluate the potential impact of nutrient peaks on downstream drinking water resources and ecosystems.}}, author = {{Determann, Maria and Musolff, Andreas and Frassl, Marieke A. and Rinke, Karsten and Shatwell, Tom}}, booktitle = {{Inland waters : journal of the International Society of Limnology}}, issn = {{2044-205X}}, keywords = {{catchment–lake interaction, concentration variability, GOTM-WET, lake nutrient export, reservoir biogeochemistry}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{560--575}}, publisher = {{Freshwater Biological Association}}, title = {{{Nutrient retention in a small reservoir under changed variability of inflow nutrient concentration}}}, doi = {{10.1080/20442041.2024.2305105}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{10216, abstract = {{Wet granulation is a frequent process in the pharmaceutical industry. As a starting point for numerous dosage forms, the quality of the granulation not only affects subsequent production steps but also impacts the quality of the final product. It is thus crucial and economical to monitor this operation thoroughly. Here, we report on identifying different phases of a granulation process using a machine learning approach. The phases reflect the water content which, in turn, influences the processability and quality of the granule mass. We used two kinds of microphones and an acceleration sensor to capture acoustic emissions and vibrations. We trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify the different phases using transformed sound recordings as the input. We achieved a classification accuracy of up to 90% using vibrational data and an accuracy of up to 97% using the audible microphone data. Our results indicate the suitability of using audible sound and machine learning to monitor pharmaceutical processes. Moreover, since recording acoustic emissions is contactless, it readily complies with legal regulations and presents Good Manufacturing Practices.}}, author = {{Fulek, Ruwen and Ramm, Selina and Kiera, Christian and Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam and Odefey, Ulrich}}, booktitle = {{Pharmaceutics}}, issn = {{1999-4923 }}, keywords = {{wet granulation, acoustic classification, machine learning, convolutional neural networks}}, number = {{8}}, publisher = {{MDPI}}, title = {{{A machine learning approach to qualitatively evaluate different granulation phases by acoustic emissions}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082153}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{12897, abstract = {{Glove occlusion might enhance skin sensitivity to a subsequent detergent challenge (occlusion effect). Thus, some skin protection creams (PC) claim to protect against this effect of occlusion, and are recommended to be used before wearing liquid‐proof gloves.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of PC applied prior to glove occlusion on the ‘occlusion effect’—refers to increased susceptibility of the skin to a model detergent.MethodsOne hundred and eleven volunteers were enrolled in a single‐blind, randomized study. Seven PCs were applied before glove occlusion over 7 days (D1–D7). After sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) challenge, we compared the irritation between the areas treated with PC and occlusion alone. Clinical scoring and bioengineering methods (capacitance, transepidermal water loss [TEWL], and colourimetry [erythema]) were used to quantify the irritant reactions.ResultsAfter 1 week of occlusion and PC application, we did not observe significant changes in TEWL, nor in erythema, whereas skin hydration raised in three cream‐treated areas. On day 10, after a challenge with SLS, some products significantly aggravated the skin irritation as compared to occlusion alone.ConclusionsThe ‘occlusion effect’—shown as higher skin susceptibility to a model detergent—was not mitigated by PCs when applied prior to glove occlusion. On the contrary, some PCs might have negative effects on skin barrier function and augment such sensitivity.}}, author = {{Gina, Michal and Wichert, Katharina and Kutz, Gerd and Brüning, Thomas and Fartasch, Manigé}}, booktitle = {{Contact dermatitis : environmental and occupational dermatitis}}, issn = {{1600-0536}}, keywords = {{barrier disturbance, glove occlusion, irritant contact dermatitis, irritation, non-invasive measuring methods, occupational contact dermatitis, skin barrier disturbance, skin protective cream, wet work.}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{372--382}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Applying skin protective cream and the wearing of gloves?—A randomized controlled experimental study}}}, doi = {{10.1111/cod.14287}}, volume = {{88}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{9568, abstract = {{Pellet production is a multi-step manufacturing process comprising granulation, extrusion and spheronisation. The first step represents a critical control point, since the quality of the granule mass highly influences subsequent process steps and, consequently, the quality of final pellets. The most important parameter of wet granulation is the liquid requirement, which can often only be quantitatively evaluated after further process steps. To identify an alternative for optimal liquid requirements, experiments were conducted with a formulation based on lactose and microcrystalline cellulose. Granules were analyzed with a Powder Vertical Shear Rig. We identified the compression density (ρpress) as the said alternative, linking information from the powder material and the moisture content (R2 = 0.995). We used ρpress to successfully predict liquid requirements for unknown formulation compositions. By means of this prediction, pellets with high quality, regarding shape and size distribution, were produced by carrying out a multi-step manufacturing process. Furthermore, the applicability of ρpress as an alternative quality parameter to other placebo formulations and to formulations containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) was demonstrated.}}, author = {{Ramm, Selina and Fulek, Ruwen and Eberle, Veronika Anna and Kiera, Christian and Odefey, Ulrich and Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam}}, booktitle = {{Pharmaceutics}}, issn = {{1999-4923}}, keywords = {{wet granulation, liquid requirement, granulation endpoint, compression density}}, number = {{11}}, publisher = {{MDPI}}, title = {{{Compression Density as an Alternative to Identify an Optimal Moisture Content for High Shear Wet Granulation as an Initial Step for Spheronisation.}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112303}}, volume = {{14}}, year = {{2022}}, }