@misc{13880,
  abstract     = {{Objective
Epidemiological evidence on muscle dysmorphia (MD) remains limited, and self-report algorithm-defined estimates may depend on sampling and case definitions. We examined how algorithm-defined MD estimates and exploratory correlates varied across weighting and case-definition scenarios in a gender-balanced German online sample.
Method
In this cross-sectional web-based study, 1468 adults from Germany completed self-report measures: 739 (50.3%) men, 706 (48.1%) women, 21 (1.4%) nonbinary/diverse participants, and 2 (0.1%) who preferred not to disclose their gender. Algorithm-defined MD was estimated using a self-report algorithm derived from prior epidemiological work. Estimates were compared across four scenarios combining unweighted versus age- and gender-weighted analyses with global versus gender-specific criterion A cutoffs. Logistic regression models examined correlates across weighted and unweighted analytic specifications.
Results
Algorithm-defined estimates varied substantially across operationalizations. The unweighted global algorithm yielded an estimate of 6.2% overall and 11.0% in men. The weighted gender-specific scenario yielded 2.6% overall, 3.5% in men, and 1.7% in women. Across regression specifications, lower BMI and higher identity disturbance were the most consistent correlates of algorithm-defined MD. Female gender showed lower odds in pooled models, particularly under the global cutoff, but this finding should be interpreted cautiously.
Discussion
Self-report algorithm-defined MD may affect a meaningful minority of adults, but estimates depend strongly on weighting strategy and case definition. These findings highlight the need for transparent reporting of algorithmic operationalizations.
}},
  author       = {{Zaiser, Christopher and Laskowski, Nora M. and Halbeisen, Georg and Lieb, Marietta and Paslakis, Georgios}},
  booktitle    = {{International Journal of Eating Disorders}},
  issn         = {{1098-108X}},
  keywords     = {{body image, case definition, eating disorders, epidemiology, gender differences, muscle dysmorphia, online sample, prevalence, psychometrics, weighting}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Algorithm‐Defined Muscle Dysmorphia Estimates Across Weighting and Case‐Definition Strategies in a Gender‐Balanced Adult Online Sample}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/eat.70170}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@misc{13618,
  abstract     = {{Food addiction (FA) could be a potential prognostic factor of weight loss intervention outcomes. This systematic review with meta‐analysis aimed to (1) estimate this prognostic effect of FA diagnosis and symptom count in individuals with overweight or obesity and (2) explore potential sources of heterogeneity based on properties of the weight loss intervention, study, and sample (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity). We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for studies reporting on associations between pre‐intervention FA (assessed with the Yale Food Addiction Scale) and weight outcomes after weight loss intervention in individuals with overweight or obesity without a medically diagnosed eating disorder. Twenty‐five studies met inclusion criteria, including 4904 individuals (71% women, <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>age</jats:sub> = 41 years, BMI = 40.82 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>), <jats:italic>k</jats:italic> = 18 correlations of weight loss with FA symptom count, and <jats:italic>k</jats:italic> = 21 mean differences between FA diagnosis groups. Pooled estimates of random‐effects meta‐analyses found limited support for a detrimental effect of FA symptom count and diagnosis on weight loss intervention outcomes. Negative associations with FA increased for behavioral weight loss interventions and among more ethnically diverse samples. More research on the interaction of FA with pre‐existing mental health problems and environmental factors is needed.}},
  author       = {{Halbeisen, Georg and Pahlenkemper, Marie and Sabel, Luisa and Richardson, Candice and Agüera, Zaida and Fernandez‐Aranda, Fernando and Paslakis, Georgios}},
  booktitle    = {{Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity }},
  issn         = {{1467-789X}},
  keywords     = {{bariatric surgery, diverse populations, food addiction, gender differences, obesity, psychotherapy, weight loss}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{The prognostic role of food addiction for weight loss treatment outcomes in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/obr.13851}},
  volume       = {{26}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{12153,
  abstract     = {{In general gender differences have frequently been studied in experimental economics, but the findings remain inconclusive. In this study, we focus on gender differences in expectations and gender specific stereotypic mindsets in a dictator game, building on Blanckenburg, Tebbe, & Iseke (2023). We add to prior work by differentiating between stereotypical behavior and stereotypical expectations. Accordingly, we extended the classic dictator game by three steps in order to study whether recipients develop stereotypical beliefs regarding the dictator’s gender based on the amount of money the dictator has allocated to them. First, we asked recipients to estimate the amount. We then revealed the amount the dictator actually allocated to the recipient and finally, we asked the recipient to assess the dictator’s gender. In contrast to and building on previous results which show no gender differences regarding the amount the dictators allocate, we find evidence for stereotypical expectations of the recipients based on the amount the dictator allocates to them.}},
  author       = {{Austermann, Christine and von Blanckenburg, Korbinian and Iseke, Anja and Tebbe, Eva}},
  booktitle    = {{Journal of Economic Psychology}},
  issn         = {{0167-4870}},
  keywords     = {{Gender differences, Stereotypes, Dictator game, Economic behavior and expectations}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Stereotypical behavior vs. expectations: Gender differences in a dictator game}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.joep.2024.102742}},
  volume       = {{103}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{13582,
  abstract     = {{IntroductionEating disorders (EDs) are among the most severe mental disorders in women and men, often associated with high symptom burden and significant limitations in daily functioning, frequent comorbidities, chronic course of illness, and even high mortality rates. At the same time, differences between men and women with EDs remain poorly explored. MethodsIn this study, we compared 104 men to 104 diagnosis-matched women with EDs regarding sociodemographic and clinical features. Using latent class mixture modelling, we identified four distinct patient subgroups based on their sociodemographic features. ResultsMen with EDs had significantly higher odds than women to belong to a "single-childfree-working" class. Moreover, while there were few overall differences in ED-related symptoms and general psychopathology between men and women, single-childfree-working men with EDs presented with higher general psychopathology symptoms than men in the other classes. DiscussionWe discuss how considering sex and gender along with further sociodemographic differences in EDs may help to improve ED diagnosis and treatment.}},
  author       = {{Traut, Philipp and Halbeisen, Georg and Braks, Karsten and Huber, Thomas J.J. and Paslakis, Georgios}},
  booktitle    = {{Frontiers in Psychiatry}},
  issn         = {{1664-0640}},
  keywords     = {{anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, gender differences, psychotherapy}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Research Foundation}},
  title        = {{{Sociodemographic and clinical features of men and women with eating disorders: a diagnosis-matched, retrospective comparison among inpatients}}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1192693}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}