---
_id: '12239'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The modelling community has identified challenges for the integration and
    assessment of lake models due to the diversity of modelling approaches and lakes.
    In this study, we develop and assess a one-dimensional lake model and apply it
    to 32 lakes from a global observatory network. The data set included lakes over
    broad ranges in latitude, climatic zones, size, residence time, mixing regime
    and trophic level. Model performance was evaluated using several error assessment
    metrics, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted for nine parameters that governed
    the surface heat exchange and mixing efficiency. There was low correlation between
    input data uncertainty and model performance and predictions of temperature were
    less sensitive to model parameters than prediction of thermocline depth and Schmidt
    stability. The study provides guidance to where the general model approach and
    associated assumptions work, and cases where adjustments to model parameterisations
    and/or structure are required.
author:
- first_name: Louise C.
  full_name: Bruce, Louise C.
  last_name: Bruce
- first_name: Marieke A.
  full_name: Frassl, Marieke A.
  last_name: Frassl
- first_name: George B.
  full_name: Arhonditsis, George B.
  last_name: Arhonditsis
- first_name: Gideon
  full_name: Gal, Gideon
  last_name: Gal
- first_name: David P.
  full_name: Hamilton, David P.
  last_name: Hamilton
- first_name: Paul C.
  full_name: Hanson, Paul C.
  last_name: Hanson
- first_name: Amy L.
  full_name: Hetherington, Amy L.
  last_name: Hetherington
- first_name: John M.
  full_name: Melack, John M.
  last_name: Melack
- first_name: Jordan S.
  full_name: Read, Jordan S.
  last_name: Read
- first_name: Karsten
  full_name: Rinke, Karsten
  last_name: Rinke
- first_name: Anna
  full_name: Rigosi, Anna
  last_name: Rigosi
- first_name: Dennis
  full_name: Trolle, Dennis
  last_name: Trolle
- first_name: Luke
  full_name: Winslow, Luke
  last_name: Winslow
- first_name: Rita
  full_name: Adrian, Rita
  last_name: Adrian
- first_name: Ana I.
  full_name: Ayala, Ana I.
  last_name: Ayala
- first_name: Serghei A.
  full_name: Bocaniov, Serghei A.
  last_name: Bocaniov
- first_name: Bertram
  full_name: Boehrer, Bertram
  last_name: Boehrer
- first_name: Casper
  full_name: Boon, Casper
  last_name: Boon
- first_name: Justin D.
  full_name: Brookes, Justin D.
  last_name: Brookes
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Bueche, Thomas
  last_name: Bueche
- first_name: Brendan D.
  full_name: Busch, Brendan D.
  last_name: Busch
- first_name: Diego
  full_name: Copetti, Diego
  last_name: Copetti
- first_name: Alicia
  full_name: Cortés, Alicia
  last_name: Cortés
- first_name: Elvira
  full_name: de Eyto, Elvira
  last_name: de Eyto
- first_name: J. Alex
  full_name: Elliott, J. Alex
  last_name: Elliott
- first_name: Nicole
  full_name: Gallina, Nicole
  last_name: Gallina
- first_name: Yael
  full_name: Gilboa, Yael
  last_name: Gilboa
- first_name: Nicolas
  full_name: Guyennon, Nicolas
  last_name: Guyennon
- first_name: Lei
  full_name: Huang, Lei
  last_name: Huang
- first_name: Onur
  full_name: Kerimoglu, Onur
  last_name: Kerimoglu
- first_name: John D.
  full_name: Lenters, John D.
  last_name: Lenters
- first_name: Sally
  full_name: MacIntyre, Sally
  last_name: MacIntyre
- first_name: Vardit
  full_name: Makler-Pick, Vardit
  last_name: Makler-Pick
- first_name: Chris G.
  full_name: McBride, Chris G.
  last_name: McBride
- first_name: Santiago
  full_name: Moreira, Santiago
  last_name: Moreira
- first_name: Deniz
  full_name: Özkundakci, Deniz
  last_name: Özkundakci
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Pilotti, Marco
  last_name: Pilotti
- first_name: Francisco J.
  full_name: Rueda, Francisco J.
  last_name: Rueda
- first_name: James A.
  full_name: Rusak, James A.
  last_name: Rusak
- first_name: Nihar R.
  full_name: Samal, Nihar R.
  last_name: Samal
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Schmid, Martin
  last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Craig
  full_name: Snorthheim, Craig
  last_name: Snorthheim
- first_name: Frédéric
  full_name: Soulignac, Frédéric
  last_name: Soulignac
- first_name: Giulia
  full_name: Valerio, Giulia
  last_name: Valerio
- first_name: Leon
  full_name: van der Linden, Leon
  last_name: van der Linden
- first_name: Mark
  full_name: Vetter, Mark
  last_name: Vetter
- first_name: Brigitte
  full_name: Vinçon-Leite, Brigitte
  last_name: Vinçon-Leite
- first_name: Junbo
  full_name: Wang, Junbo
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Weber, Michael
  last_name: Weber
- first_name: Chaturangi
  full_name: Wickramaratne, Chaturangi
  last_name: Wickramaratne
- first_name: R. Iestyn
  full_name: Woolway, R. Iestyn
  last_name: Woolway
- first_name: Huaxia
  full_name: Yao, Huaxia
  last_name: Yao
- first_name: Matthew R.
  full_name: Hipsey, Matthew R.
  last_name: Hipsey
citation:
  ama: 'Bruce LC, Frassl MA, Arhonditsis GB, et al. A multi-lake comparative analysis
    of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network.
    <i>Environmental modelling &#38; software with environment data news </i>. 2018;102(4):274-291.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>'
  apa: 'Bruce, L. C., Frassl, M. A., Arhonditsis, G. B., Gal, G., Hamilton, D. P.,
    Hanson, P. C., Hetherington, A. L., Melack, J. M., Read, J. S., Rinke, K., Rigosi,
    A., Trolle, D., Winslow, L., Adrian, R., Ayala, A. I., Bocaniov, S. A., Boehrer,
    B., Boon, C., Brookes, J. D., … Hipsey, M. R. (2018). A multi-lake comparative
    analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory
    network. <i>Environmental Modelling &#38; Software with Environment Data News
    </i>, <i>102</i>(4), 274–291. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Bruce LC <i>et al.</i></b> (2018) A Multi-Lake Comparative Analysis of
    the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-Testing across a Global Observatory Network.
    <i>Environmental modelling &#38; software with environment data news </i> <b>102</b>,
    274–291.'
  chicago: 'Bruce, Louise C., Marieke A. Frassl, George B. Arhonditsis, Gideon Gal,
    David P. Hamilton, Paul C. Hanson, Amy L. Hetherington, et al. “A Multi-Lake Comparative
    Analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-Testing across a Global Observatory
    Network.” <i>Environmental Modelling &#38; Software with Environment Data News
    </i> 102, no. 4 (2018): 274–91. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Bruce, Louise C., Marieke A. Frassl, George B. Arhonditsis, Gideon
    Gal, David P. Hamilton, Paul C. Hanson, Amy L. Hetherington, u. a. 2018. A multi-lake
    comparative analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a
    global observatory network. <i>Environmental modelling &#38; software with environment
    data news </i> 102, Nr. 4: 274–291. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bruce,
    Louise C.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Frassl, Marieke A.</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Arhonditsis, George B.</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gal, Gideon</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hamilton,
    David P.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hanson, Paul C.</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hetherington, Amy L.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Melack,
    John M.</span> ; u. a.</span>: A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General
    Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network. In: <i>Environmental
    modelling &#38; software with environment data news </i> Bd. 102. Oxford, Elsevier
    Science (2018), Nr. 4, S. 274–291'
  havard: 'L.C. Bruce, M.A. Frassl, G.B. Arhonditsis, G. Gal, D.P. Hamilton, P.C.
    Hanson, A.L. Hetherington, J.M. Melack, J.S. Read, K. Rinke, A. Rigosi, D. Trolle,
    L. Winslow, R. Adrian, A.I. Ayala, S.A. Bocaniov, B. Boehrer, C. Boon, J.D. Brookes,
    T. Bueche, B.D. Busch, D. Copetti, A. Cortés, E. de Eyto, J.A. Elliott, N. Gallina,
    Y. Gilboa, N. Guyennon, L. Huang, O. Kerimoglu, J.D. Lenters, S. MacIntyre, V.
    Makler-Pick, C.G. McBride, S. Moreira, D. Özkundakci, M. Pilotti, F.J. Rueda,
    J.A. Rusak, N.R. Samal, M. Schmid, T. Shatwell, C. Snorthheim, F. Soulignac, G.
    Valerio, L. van der Linden, M. Vetter, B. Vinçon-Leite, J. Wang, M. Weber, C.
    Wickramaratne, R.I. Woolway, H. Yao, M.R. Hipsey, A multi-lake comparative analysis
    of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network,
    Environmental Modelling &#38; Software with Environment Data News . 102 (2018)
    274–291.'
  ieee: 'L. C. Bruce <i>et al.</i>, “A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General
    Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network,” <i>Environmental
    modelling &#38; software with environment data news </i>, vol. 102, no. 4, pp.
    274–291, 2018, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>.'
  mla: 'Bruce, Louise C., et al. “A Multi-Lake Comparative Analysis of the General
    Lake Model (GLM): Stress-Testing across a Global Observatory Network.” <i>Environmental
    Modelling &#38; Software with Environment Data News </i>, vol. 102, no. 4, 2018,
    pp. 274–91, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016</a>.'
  short: L.C. Bruce, M.A. Frassl, G.B. Arhonditsis, G. Gal, D.P. Hamilton, P.C. Hanson,
    A.L. Hetherington, J.M. Melack, J.S. Read, K. Rinke, A. Rigosi, D. Trolle, L.
    Winslow, R. Adrian, A.I. Ayala, S.A. Bocaniov, B. Boehrer, C. Boon, J.D. Brookes,
    T. Bueche, B.D. Busch, D. Copetti, A. Cortés, E. de Eyto, J.A. Elliott, N. Gallina,
    Y. Gilboa, N. Guyennon, L. Huang, O. Kerimoglu, J.D. Lenters, S. MacIntyre, V.
    Makler-Pick, C.G. McBride, S. Moreira, D. Özkundakci, M. Pilotti, F.J. Rueda,
    J.A. Rusak, N.R. Samal, M. Schmid, T. Shatwell, C. Snorthheim, F. Soulignac, G.
    Valerio, L. van der Linden, M. Vetter, B. Vinçon-Leite, J. Wang, M. Weber, C.
    Wickramaratne, R.I. Woolway, H. Yao, M.R. Hipsey, Environmental Modelling &#38;
    Software with Environment Data News  102 (2018) 274–291.
  ufg: '<b>Bruce, Louise C. u. a.</b>: A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General
    Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network, in: <i>Environmental
    modelling &#38; software with environment data news </i> 102 (2018), H. 4,  S.
    274–291.'
  van: 'Bruce LC, Frassl MA, Arhonditsis GB, Gal G, Hamilton DP, Hanson PC, et al.
    A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing
    across a global observatory network. Environmental modelling &#38; software with
    environment data news . 2018;102(4):274–91.'
date_created: 2024-12-08T20:32:07Z
date_updated: 2024-12-09T10:13:47Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       102'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Lake model
- Stratification
- GLM
- Model assessment
- Global observatory data
- Network science
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.016
page: 274-291
place: Oxford
publication: 'Environmental modelling & software with environment data news '
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-6726
  issn:
  - 1364-8152
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier Science
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing
  across a global observatory network'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 102
year: '2018'
...