[{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"chicago-de":"Halbeisen, Georg, Benjamin Buttlar, Siri-Maria Kamp und Eva Walther. 2020. The timing-dependent effects of stress-induced cortisol release on evaluative conditioning. <i>International Journal of Psychophysiology</i> 152: 44–52. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007\">10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007</a>, .","bjps":"<b>Halbeisen G <i>et al.</i></b> (2020) The Timing-Dependent Effects of Stress-Induced Cortisol Release on Evaluative Conditioning. <i>International Journal of Psychophysiology</i> <b>152</b>, 44–52.","chicago":"Halbeisen, Georg, Benjamin Buttlar, Siri-Maria Kamp, and Eva Walther. “The Timing-Dependent Effects of Stress-Induced Cortisol Release on Evaluative Conditioning.” <i>International Journal of Psychophysiology</i> 152 (2020): 44–52. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007</a>.","short":"G. Halbeisen, B. Buttlar, S.-M. Kamp, E. Walther, International Journal of Psychophysiology 152 (2020) 44–52.","mla":"Halbeisen, Georg, et al. “The Timing-Dependent Effects of Stress-Induced Cortisol Release on Evaluative Conditioning.” <i>International Journal of Psychophysiology</i>, vol. 152, 2020, pp. 44–52, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007</a>.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Halbeisen, Georg</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Buttlar, Benjamin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Kamp, Siri-Maria</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Walther, Eva</span>: The timing-dependent effects of stress-induced cortisol release on evaluative conditioning. In: <i>International Journal of Psychophysiology</i> Bd. 152, Elsevier BV (2020), S. 44–52","van":"Halbeisen G, Buttlar B, Kamp SM, Walther E. The timing-dependent effects of stress-induced cortisol release on evaluative conditioning. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 2020;152:44–52.","ieee":"G. Halbeisen, B. Buttlar, S.-M. Kamp, and E. Walther, “The timing-dependent effects of stress-induced cortisol release on evaluative conditioning,” <i>International Journal of Psychophysiology</i>, vol. 152, pp. 44–52, 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007\">10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007</a>.","havard":"G. Halbeisen, B. Buttlar, S.-M. Kamp, E. Walther, The timing-dependent effects of stress-induced cortisol release on evaluative conditioning, International Journal of Psychophysiology. 152 (2020) 44–52.","ufg":"<b>Halbeisen, Georg u. a.</b>: The timing-dependent effects of stress-induced cortisol release on evaluative conditioning, in: <i>International Journal of Psychophysiology</i> 152 (2020),  S. 44–52.","ama":"Halbeisen G, Buttlar B, Kamp SM, Walther E. The timing-dependent effects of stress-induced cortisol release on evaluative conditioning. <i>International Journal of Psychophysiology</i>. 2020;152:44-52. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007\">10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007</a>","apa":"Halbeisen, G., Buttlar, B., Kamp, S.-M., &#38; Walther, E. (2020). The timing-dependent effects of stress-induced cortisol release on evaluative conditioning. <i>International Journal of Psychophysiology</i>, <i>152</i>, 44–52. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007</a>"},"intvolume":"       152","isi":"1","publication":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.007","department":[{"_id":"DEP1500"}],"title":"The timing-dependent effects of stress-induced cortisol release on evaluative conditioning","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0167-8760"],"eissn":["1872-7697"]},"publication_status":"published","keyword":["Affective learning","Socially-evaluated cold pressor test","Free salivary cortisol","Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis","Evaluative conditioning"],"volume":152,"_id":"13641","page":"44-52","type":"scientific_journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"The neuro-physiological response to stress has far-reaching implications for learning and memory processes. Here, we examined whether and how the stress-induced release of cortisol, following the socially-evaluated cold pressor test, influenced the acquisition of preferences in an evaluative conditioning (EC) procedure. We found that when the stressor preceded the evaluation phase, cortisol responders showed decreased evaluative conditioning effects. By contrast, impairing effects of a stressor-induced cortisol release before encoding were not found. Moreover, explicit memory was not found to be affected by the stressor or its timing. Implications of the timing-dependent effects of stress-induced cortisol release on EC and the relation between stress and associative memory are discussed.","lang":"eng"}],"pmid":"1","status":"public","author":[{"full_name":"Halbeisen, Georg","id":"85780","last_name":"Halbeisen","first_name":"Georg","orcid":"0000-0002-9529-2215"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Buttlar","full_name":"Buttlar, Benjamin"},{"full_name":"Kamp, Siri-Maria","last_name":"Kamp","first_name":"Siri-Maria"},{"last_name":"Walther","full_name":"Walther, Eva","first_name":"Eva"}],"extern":"1","external_id":{"isi":["000534573000005"],"pmid":["32302644"]},"date_created":"2026-03-27T10:16:23Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2020","date_updated":"2026-04-08T13:56:40Z","user_id":"83781"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["30469086"],"isi":["000459840000024"]},"date_created":"2026-03-25T13:36:07Z","user_id":"83781","year":"2019","date_updated":"2026-04-08T13:49:27Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has found its way into nearly all fields of psychology. Previous studies indicated that virtual reality adaptations of the TSST are less potent in stimulating HPA-axis responses, with lower salivary cortisol responses recorded as compared to the in-vivo TSST. (TSST-IV). In the present experiment we tested the stress-induction potential of a refined version of the TSST-VR using a fully orthogonal experimental design in which ninety-three healthy males were either assigned to the TSST condition or a corresponding control condition in a real or virtual environment. We found a significant increase of endocrine, autonomic and self-reported stress markers in both stress conditions. Notably, we found a robust rise in salivary cortisol to the TSST-VR comparable to that observed in the TSST-IV. Despite subtle differences in response between virtual and in vivo settings, we conclude that VR adaptations of in-vivo stressors have the potential to induce real physiological and subjective reactions."}],"volume":101,"_id":"13578","type":"scientific_journal_article","page":"186-192","status":"public","extern":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Zimmer, Patrick","last_name":"Zimmer","first_name":"Patrick"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Buttlar","full_name":"Buttlar, Benjamin"},{"last_name":"Halbeisen","id":"85780","full_name":"Halbeisen, Georg","orcid":"0000-0002-9529-2215","first_name":"Georg"},{"full_name":"Walther, Eva","last_name":"Walther","first_name":"Eva"},{"last_name":"Domes","full_name":"Domes,  Gregor","first_name":" Gregor"}],"pmid":"1","place":"Amsterdam [u.a.]","title":"Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses","department":[{"_id":"DEP1500"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1873-3360"],"issn":["0306-4530"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"3","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010","publication":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","isi":"1","keyword":["Psychological stress","Virtual reality","Trier Social Stress Test","Free salivary cortisol","Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis","Alpha amylase"],"citation":{"ieee":"P. Zimmer, B. Buttlar, G. Halbeisen, E. Walther, and  Gregor Domes, “Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses,” <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>, vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 186–192, 2019, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>.","van":"Zimmer P, Buttlar B, Halbeisen G, Walther E, Domes  Gregor. Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019;101(3):186–92.","chicago-de":"Zimmer, Patrick, Benjamin Buttlar, Georg Halbeisen, Eva Walther und  Gregor Domes. 2019. Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses. <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> 101, Nr. 3: 186–192. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>, .","bjps":"<b>Zimmer P <i>et al.</i></b> (2019) Virtually Stressed? A Refined Virtual Reality Adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) Induces Robust Endocrine Responses. <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> <b>101</b>, 186–192.","ufg":"<b>Zimmer, Patrick u. a.</b>: Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses, in: <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> 101 (2019), H. 3,  S. 186–192.","havard":"P. Zimmer, B. Buttlar, G. Halbeisen, E. Walther,  Gregor Domes, Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses, Psychoneuroendocrinology. 101 (2019) 186–192.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Zimmer, Patrick</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Buttlar, Benjamin</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Halbeisen, Georg</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Walther, Eva</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Domes,  Gregor</span>: Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses. In: <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> Bd. 101. Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier (2019), Nr. 3, S. 186–192","apa":"Zimmer, P., Buttlar, B., Halbeisen, G., Walther, E., &#38; Domes,  Gregor. (2019). Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses. <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>, <i>101</i>(3), 186–192. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>","mla":"Zimmer, Patrick, et al. “Virtually Stressed? A Refined Virtual Reality Adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) Induces Robust Endocrine Responses.” <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>, vol. 101, no. 3, 2019, pp. 186–92, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>.","ama":"Zimmer P, Buttlar B, Halbeisen G, Walther E, Domes  Gregor. Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses. <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i>. 2019;101(3):186-192. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>","short":"P. Zimmer, B. Buttlar, G. Halbeisen, E. Walther,  Gregor Domes, Psychoneuroendocrinology 101 (2019) 186–192.","chicago":"Zimmer, Patrick, Benjamin Buttlar, Georg Halbeisen, Eva Walther, and  Gregor Domes. “Virtually Stressed? A Refined Virtual Reality Adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) Induces Robust Endocrine Responses.” <i>Psychoneuroendocrinology</i> 101, no. 3 (2019): 186–92. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010</a>."},"publisher":"Elsevier","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"       101"}]