@misc{12795, abstract = {{Including disabled workers in value-creating work processes is a fundamental and guaranteed human right and is, therefore, an essential goal of society. In Germany, sheltered workshops create the conditions for this inclusion since they are essential to companies' value chains. A central challenge is the inclusion of disabled workers in the value-creation processes, such as in manufacturing or assembly areas. The skills of disabled workers vary since they have individual impairments. Therefore, this paper presents a digital human model, a Human Digital Twin (HDT), for disabled workers. The model maps their skills and supports the production planning and assembly processes. (C) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.}}, author = {{Mordaschew, Viktoria and Duckwitz, Sönke and Tackenberg, Sven}}, booktitle = {{5th International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing (ISM)}}, editor = {{Longo, F. and Shen, W. and Padovano, A.}}, issn = {{1877-0509}}, keywords = {{Human Digital Twin, Industry 4.0, Sheltered Workshops, Production Planning}}, location = {{Lisbon, PORTUGAL}}, pages = {{745--751}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{A Human Digital Twin of Disabled Workers for Production Planning}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.procs.2024.01.074}}, volume = {{232}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12831, abstract = {{The overall Industry 4.0 developments and the highly dynamic threat landscape enhance the need for continuous security engineering of industrial components, modules, and systems. Security risk assessments play a major role to ensure a secure operation of Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACSs) but are mostly neglected due to missing resources and a lack of human experts for the sophisticated manual tasks. Therefore, a method for information and process modelling regarding the automation of security risk assessments has been previously designed, but not yet evaluated. This work in progress begins the evaluation of the automated security risk assessment concept by investigating the related work and identifying the main deficits. The results include a requirements analysis for the verification and an outlook towards future evaluation aspects.}}, author = {{Ehrlich, Marco and Lukas, Georg and Trsek, Henning and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Kastner, Wolfgang and Diedrich, Christian}}, booktitle = {{2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)}}, isbn = {{979-8-3503-1935-4}}, issn = {{2835-8511}}, keywords = {{Industry 4.0, Security, Risk Assessment, Automation, Requirements, Evaluation, Verification}}, location = {{Toulouse, FRANCE}}, pages = {{180--183}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Requirements Analysis for the Evaluation of Automated Security Risk Assessments}}}, doi = {{10.1109/wfcs60972.2024.10540830}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{13019, abstract = {{The digital transformation of manufacturing companies is a huge driver of complexity in organizational structures and processes. Challenges such as an increasing number of variants, rapid changes in technology, and a multitude of interfaces between IT systems within companies require changed qualifications in the workforce. Employees lack a profound understanding of the added value that digitalization can bring to the company and themselves. To address these challenges, simulation games are a suitable approach. Simulation games are active learning methods that simulate real systems in an artificial environment. The goal is to give employees the opportunity to gain experience and make decisions without creating a pressure situation or endangering the real production system. This enables them to better understand, evaluate and design real systems. In order to make optimal use of simulation games in manufacturing companies, they should be customized to the company and its employees due to individual processes and structures. This paper presents a procedure model for designing a concept of individualized simulation games for manufacturing companies in the context of digitalization. It starts with the identification of requirements. Subsequently, the requirements of the individual elements are combined into a holistic simulation game. The piloting of the framework is presented using an example from industrial practice.}}, author = {{Machon, Fabian and Gabriel, Stefan and Latos, Benedikt and Holtkötter, Christoph and Lütkehoff, Ben and Asmar, Laban and Kühn, Dr. Arno and Dumitrescu, Prof. Dr. Roman}}, booktitle = {{Procedia CIRP}}, issn = {{2212-8271}}, keywords = {{industry 4.0, digitalization, digital transformation, simulation games, game-based learning, education, employee education, qualification}}, pages = {{1017--1022}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Design of individual simulation games in manufacturing companies for game-based learning}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.procir.2023.03.145}}, volume = {{119}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{7147, abstract = {{Purpose: Industry 4.0 technologies influence how production is planned, scheduled, and controlled. In literature, different classifications of the tasks and functions of production planning and control (PPC) exist, of which one is the German Aachen PPC model. This research aims to identify and classify current Industry 4.0 approaches for planning and controlling production processes and to reveal researched and unexplored areas of the model. Design/methodology/approach: In an exploratory literature review, we review and classify 48 publications on a full-text basis with the Aachen PPC model's tasks and functions. Two cluster analyses reveal researched and unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model. Additionally, we give a summary of each reviewed publication. Findings: We propose a cyber-physical PPC architecture, which incorporates current Industry 4.0 technologies, current optimization methods, optimization objectives, and disturbances relevant for realizing a PPC system in a smart factory. Current approaches focus on the in-house PPC, particularly on the control using real-time information from the shop floor. We propose future research directions for the unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model. Research limitations/implications: The selection of search terms and the texts' interpretation is based on an individual assessment. The revelation of unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model might have a different outcome if the search term combination is parameterized differently. Originality/value: Using the Aachen PPC model, which holistically models PPC, the findings give comprehensive insights into the current advances of tools, methods, and challenges relevant to planning and controlling production processes under Industry 4.0.}}, author = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Tackenberg, Sven and Padoano, Elio and Gamber, Thilo}}, booktitle = {{Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management}}, issn = {{2013-0953}}, keywords = {{Production planning and control, Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet of Things, Exploratory literature review}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{ OmniaScience}}, title = {{{Approaches of production planning and control under industry 4.0: A literature review}}}, doi = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3582}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{7033, abstract = {{Industry 4.0 technologies influence how production is planned, scheduled, and controlled. In literature, different classifications of the tasks and functions of production planning and control (PPC) exist, of which one is the German Aachen PPC model. This paper conducts an exploratory literature review by reviewing 48 publications on a full-text basis. Based on the review, a cyber-physical PPC architecture is proposed, which incorporates current Industry 4.0 technologies, current optimisation methods, optimisation objectives, and disturbances, relevant for the realisation of a PPC system in a smart factory. A classification scheme is developed as a basis for two cluster analyses that reveal researched and unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model. Current approaches focus on the in-house PPC, particularly on the control using real-time information from the shop floor. Future research directions are proposed for the unexplored tasks and functions of the Aachen PPC model.}}, author = {{Herrmann, Jan-Phillip and Tackenberg, Sven and Padoano, Elio and Gamber, Thilo}}, issn = {{1877-0509}}, journal = {{Procedia Computer Science}}, keywords = {{Production planning, control, Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet of Things, Exploratory literature review}}, pages = {{208--218}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{A literature review and cluster analysis of the Aachen production planning and control model under Industry 4.0}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.158}}, volume = {{180}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{8384, abstract = {{ynamic simulation models are widely utilized to evaluate complex technical components and systems like electric drives or machines. They can support the development process of a production machine by avoiding an inadequate layout of components or an erroneous control design. However, the effort for building them is often too high for this purpose (lot size one). An automated model generation can be utilized to overcome the gap between efforts and advantages of dynamic simulations. This contribution presents an approach for simplifying the dynamic model generation of production machines by using the so-called Asset Administration Shell defined by the initiative Platform Industrie 4.0. The Asset Administration Shell was developed to aggregate all data necessary for maintaining the product across its life cycle. This includes component data and models as well as structural information about a machine. The generation process is performed by using the common FMI standard and a two-step procedure which allows the linkage of different simulation tools. The model generation is demonstrated by an example layout of a machine's internal direct current grid.}}, author = {{Göllner, D. and Pawlik, Thomas and Schulte, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2021 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-3772-1 }}, issn = {{2157-3611}}, keywords = {{Digital Twin, Asset Administration Shell, Dynamic Simulation Model, Industry 4.0, Automated Model Generation}}, location = {{Online (Singapore)}}, pages = {{808--812}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Utilization of the Asset Administration Shell for the Generation of Dynamic Simulation Models}}}, doi = {{10.1109/IEEM50564.2021.9673089}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{4897, abstract = {{Assistance is becoming increasingly relevant in carrying out industrial work in the context of cyber-physical production systems (CPPSs) and Industry 4.0. While assistance in a single task via a single interaction modality has been explored previously, crossdevice interaction could improve the quality of assistance, especially given the concurrent and distributed nature of work in CPPSs. In this paper, we present the theoretical foundations and implementation of MiWSICx (Middleware for Work Support in Industrial Contexts), a middleware that showcases how multiple interactive computing devices such as tablets, smartphones, augmented/virtual reality glasses, and wearables could be combined to provide crossdevice industrial assistance. Based on activity theory, MiWSICx models human work as activities combining multiple users, artifacts, and cyber-physical objects. MiWSICx is developed using the actor model for deployment on a variety of hardware alongside a CPPS to provide multiuser, crossdevice, multiactivity assistance.}}, author = {{Dhiman, Hitesh and Röcker, Carsten}}, issn = {{2288-4300 }}, journal = {{Journal of Computational Design and Engineering}}, keywords = {{human–technology interaction, human–computer interaction, crossdevice interaction, cyber-physical systems, assistance, smart factory, middleware, actor model, information system design, industry 4.0}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{428--451}}, publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}, title = {{{Middleware for providing activity-driven assistance in cyber-physical production systems}}}, doi = {{10.1093/jcde/qwaa088}}, volume = {{8}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{1904, abstract = {{As the number of variations increases and batch sizes grow smaller, it can be difficult to fulfill quality and productivity requirements in manual assembly, as employees must record, process and interpret more information, then convert that information into action. Conventional instruction manuals in the form of text, tables or drawings quickly reach their limits. Innovative assistance systems are essential for keeping up with these changes, as they instruct and support employees in line with their specific situations. The goal of this article is to use a case study to illustrate the problems with providing information in manual assembly, and to suggest a potential solution in the form of an informational assistance system. The company considered in the case study stands out for its large production areas where complex, customer-specific truck bodies are mounted manually.}}, author = {{Nikolenko, Alexander and Sehr, Philip and Hinrichsen, Sven and Bendzioch, Sven}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Human Factors and Systems Interaction AHFE 2019}}, editor = {{Nunes, Isabel L.}}, isbn = {{978-3-030-20039-8}}, issn = {{2194-5357}}, keywords = {{Manual assembly, Assembly assistance systems, Industry 4.0, Information delivery}}, location = {{Washington D.C., USA}}, pages = {{24--33}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Digital Assembly Assistance Systems – A Case Study}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20040-4_3}}, volume = {{959}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{12812, abstract = {{Discerning unexpected from expected data patterns is the key challenge of anomaly detection. Although a multitude of solutions has been applied to this modern Industry 4.0 problem, it remains an open research issue to identify the key characteristics subjacent to an anomaly, sc. generate hypothesis as to why they appear. In recent years, machine learning models have been regarded as universal solution for a wide range of problems. While most of them suffer from non-self-explanatory representations, Gaussian Processes (GPs) deliver interpretable and robust statistical data models, which are able to cope with unreliable, noisy, or partially missing data. Thus, we regard them as a suitable solution for detecting and appropriately representing anomalies and their respective characteristics. In this position paper, we discuss the problem of automatic and interpretable anomaly detection by means of GPs. That is, we elaborate on why GPs are well suited for anomaly detection and what the current challenges are when applying these probabilistic models to large-scale production data.}}, author = {{Berns, Fabian and Lange-Hegermann, Markus and Beecks, Christian}}, booktitle = {{ Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovative Intelligent Industrial Production and Logistics IN4PL - Volume 1}}, editor = {{Panetto, H. and Madani, K. and Smirnov, A.}}, isbn = {{978-989-758-476-3}}, keywords = {{Anomaly Detection, Gaussian Processes, Explainable Machine Learning, Industry 4.0}}, location = {{Budapest, HUNGARY}}, pages = {{87--92}}, publisher = {{SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}}, title = {{{Towards Gaussian Processes for Automatic and Interpretable Anomaly Detection in Industry 4.0}}}, doi = {{10.5220/0010130300870092}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inbook{4311, abstract = {{Recent trends towards digitization in the industrial domain are also driving profound socio-technical changes. On the one hand, these technologies enable shorter product lifecycles and servitization, but on the other hand, the increasing technical complexity of the equipment makes its operation and maintenance a challenge for workers. Assistance systems using pervasive technologies can bridge the gap between the abilities of the workers and the demands of handling technical complexity by enriching workplace activities with relevant, context-dependent information. In this paper, we present an application that replaces a conventional, paper-based maintenance manual with digital, Augmented Reality based instructions that are delivered at the appropriate place and time.}}, author = {{Dhiman, Hitesh and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)}}, isbn = {{978-1-5386-9151-9}}, keywords = {{Industry 4.0, Cyber Physical Systems, Augmented Reality, Complexity, Maintenance, HoloLens}}, location = {{Kyoto, Japan}}, pages = {{95 -- 100}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Worker Assistance in Smart Production Environments using Pervasive Technologies}}}, doi = {{10.1109/PERCOMW.2019.8730771}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{238, abstract = {{In future, advancing digitalization will entail extensive change for businesses. To date, there are only sporadically implemented examples of Smart Factories and these are rather technically (specifically information technology) oriented. Phoenix Contact therefore decided to use a tailor-made approach to implement the digital transition towards becoming a Smart Factory. With the participation of the senior management affected, other internal support areas and the works council, an image of the future for the Smart Factory was developed. Based on the main future processes the appropriate organizational structure was selected and all participants could now be trained in the performance of new tasks. In addition, this allows for technological concepts to be chosen and judiciously incorporated in further stages. In this paper, the “SmartOrg@Combicon” project will be illustrated as the initial phase in the course of Smart Factory implementation. }}, author = {{Dobrzanski, P. and Jungkind, Wilfried}}, booktitle = {{Production engineering and management}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-03-0}}, keywords = {{Industry 4.0, Smart Factory, Digital transformation, Staff and organizational development}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{147--158}}, title = {{{Human Resources and Organizational Development in the Context of Industry 4.0}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{4321, abstract = {{Recent research has shown that computer-based Assistive Technology (AT) has the potential to support individuals with disabilities in production environments. At the same time, step-by-step instructions enable workers to be successful in their performance of industrial tasks that were formerly difficult to accomplish. We merged these two types of intervention and developed an application running on a mobile device that can assist disabled workers working more independently. In an evaluation study, we investigated how our assistive system affects the task efficiency as well as participants’ subjective evaluation. Results show advantages when using the assistive prototype with regard to users’ task efficiency and subjective evaluations.}}, author = {{Aksu, Volkan and Jenderny, Sascha and Martinez, Sascha and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Providing Context-Sensitive Mobile Assistance for People with Disabilities in the Workplace}}, editor = {{Di Bucchianico, Giuseppe }}, isbn = {{978-3-319-94621-4}}, keywords = {{Assistive technology, People with disabilities : Human computer interaction : Industry 4.0, Inclusion, Context-sensitive assistance, Step-by-step instructions, Production, Mobile assistance}}, location = {{Orlando, Florida, USA}}, pages = {{3--14}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Providing Context-Sensitive Mobile Assistance for People with Disabilities in the Workplace}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-94622-1_1}}, volume = {{776}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{4259, abstract = {{This paper presents a prototype of an intelligent assistive system for workers in stationary manual assembly using projection-based augmented reality (AR) and intelligent hand tracking. By using depth cameras, the system can track the hands of the user and makes the user aware of wrong picking actions or errors in the assembly process. The system automatically adapts the digital projection-based overlay according to the current work situation. The main research contribution of our work is the presentation of a novel hand-tracking algorithm. In addition, we present the results of an user study of the system that shows the challenges and opportunities of our system and the hand-tracking algorithm in particular. We assume that our results will inform the future design of assistive systems in manual assembly.}}, author = {{Büttner, Sebastian and Sand, Oliver and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{European Conference on Ambient Intelligence}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-56996-3}}, keywords = {{Augmented reality, Mobile projection, Hand tracking, Manufacturing, Industry 4.0}}, location = {{ Malaga, Spain}}, pages = {{33--45}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Exploring Design Opportunities for Intelligent Worker Assistance: A New Approach Using Projetion-Based AR and a Novel Hand-Tracking Algorithm}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-56997-0_3}}, volume = {{10217}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{4299, abstract = {{With the advances of technology, intelligent assistive systems that adapt to individual humans will become feasible. However, application areas of such systems are rarely discussed within the Industry 4.0 community. Most assistive systems that have been presented have been developed for specific task, such as assembly support or warehouse picking, but there might be a huge uncovered design space to be explored. With this work, we want to step back from existing systems and analyze the design opportunities of assistive systems especially for small and medium-size enterprises (SME). To achieve this goal we conducted a study in four SME, consisting of observations and interviews. Here we present our findings about the potential future application areas of human-centered assistive systems.}}, author = {{Mucha, Henrik and Büttner, Sebastian and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Human-Computer Interaction – Perspectives on Industry 4.0. Workshop at i-KNOW 2016 }}, keywords = {{Industry 4.0, Assistive Systems, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, SME, Human-Centered Design, Human-Computer Interaction for Industry}}, location = {{Graz, Austria}}, publisher = {{TU}}, title = {{{Application Areas for Human-Centered Assistive Systems}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4300, abstract = {{Human-centered design methods are nowadays widely used in the design of consumer products. These methods aim at designing products with a high usability and a positive user experience (UX). However, in the domain of the design of industrial machines, design is often driven by functional requirements mostly neglecting the usability and user experience of products. Together with a medium-sized manufacturer of industrial laundry machines we applied the human-centered design process in an industrial context. In this field report, we describe the human-centered design methods applied in the project, the adaptations we had to make in the process and the challenges and opportunities for applying human-centered design in an industrial environment in general. }}, author = {{Büttner, Sebastian and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Human-Computer Interaction – Perspectives on Industry 4.0. Workshop at i-KNOW 2016}}, keywords = {{Design Methods, Human-Centered Design, Industrial Human-Computer Interaction, Industry 4.0}}, location = {{Graz, Austria}}, publisher = {{TU}}, title = {{{Applying Human-Centered Design Methods in Industry – a Field Report}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @misc{10169, abstract = {{The reduction of wires and connections is a fundamental necessity for upcoming industrial 4.0 solutions, requiring a large amount of reconfigurability and flexibility. Our research focuses on recent ways of combining energy and data transmission in single contactless transducers, enabling easy installation, maintenance and possible fulfilment of high protection classes. While this approach can typically be solved by combining Wifi and inductive energy transfer, the Wifi aspect is often limited by the available media access and channel occupation. Another issue is the real time capability of Wifi or other wireless transmission protocols like IEEE 802.15.4. While creating a new wireless or contactless standard is beyond the focus of this work, we concentrate on combining existing technologies and their interoperability. This includes powerline communication systems, near field data transmission and inductive energy transfer mechanisms.}}, author = {{Wesemann, Derk and Witte, Stefan and Schmelter, Andreas and Heß, Roland}}, booktitle = {{Communication in automation : 2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)$dMay 3-6, 2016, Aveiro, Portugal}}, isbn = {{ 978-1-5090-2339-4 }}, keywords = {{Automation, Industry 4.0, Contactless Data Transmission, Contactless Energy Transmission, Wireless Communication}}, location = {{Aveiro, Portugal}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Flexible factory automation: Potentials of contactless transmission systems, combining state-of-the-art technologies}}}, doi = {{10.1109/WFCS.2016.7496533}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{4330, abstract = {{Catchwords such as “Cyber-Physical-Systems” and “Industry 4.0” describe the current development of systems with embedded intelligence. These systems can be characterized by an increasing technical complexity that must be addressed in the user interface. In this paper we analyze the specific requirements posed by the interaction with cyber-physical-systems, present a coordinated approach to these requirements and illustrate our approach with a practical example of an assistance system for assembly workers in an industrial production environment.}}, author = {{Paelke, Volker and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Design, User Experience, and Usability: Design Discourse}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-20885-5}}, keywords = {{Industrial IT, User-Centered design, Usability, User interfaces, Cyber-Physical-Systems, Industry 4.0, Augmented reality, Development processes and methods}}, location = {{Los Angeles, CA, USA}}, pages = {{75--85 }}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{User Interfaces for Cyber-Physical Systems: Challenges and Possible Approaches. }}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-20886-2_8}}, volume = {{9186}}, year = {{2015}}, }