---
_id: '13337'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In manufacturing systems with a job shop organization, queues between workstations
create an intermittent process flow, allowing workers to schedule tasks entering
the queue based on their needs and preferences. The resulting scheduling autonomy
of individual workers often leads to inefficiencies in the overall production
process due to the loss of control. Companies are therefore increasingly using
algorithmic scheduling systems to assign task sequences to workers, thereby drastically
reducing their autonomy and negatively affecting their job performance and well-being.
This paper extends the existing flexible job shop scheduling problem by sequencing
preferences (FJSPSP) to incorporate a human-centered perspective by predicting
workers’ task sequencing decisions using learning-to-rank (LTR) methods. By learning
workers’ individual task sequencing preferences, it becomes possible to predict
the processing sequence based on task characteristics. The scheduling algorithm
for the FJSPSP presented in the paper incorporates workers’ learned sequencing
preferences as constraints. Considering workers’ learned task sequencing decisions,
the FJSPSP optimizes only task assignments to maintain workers’ autonomy over
task sequences. The contributions of this paper are fourfold, namely, (1) presenting
an approach to elicit sequencing decision datasets from workers, (2) demonstrating
the successful prediction of humans’ and an actual worker’s task sequencing decisions
with LTR, (3) formulating the FJSPSP variant that integrates workers’ sequencing
preferences as constraints and proving its effectiveness in a simulation study,
and (4) consolidating these steps into an explainable artificial intelligence
(XAI)- and LTR-enabled sociotechnical system design framework. The paper closes
with a discussion of the overall methodology and future research perspectives.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jan-Phillip
full_name: Herrmann, Jan-Phillip
id: '86180'
last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Sven
full_name: Tackenberg, Sven
id: '71470'
last_name: Tackenberg
- first_name: Tharsika Pakeerathan
full_name: Srirajan, Tharsika Pakeerathan
last_name: Srirajan
- first_name: Verena
full_name: Nitsch, Verena
last_name: Nitsch
citation:
ama: 'Herrmann JP, Tackenberg S, Srirajan TP, Nitsch V. Incorporating scheduling
autonomy of workers into flexible job shop scheduling: Learning and balancing
decentralized task sequencing decisions with overall scheduling performance. Journal
of Manufacturing Systems. 2026;84(2):541-560. doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.12.020'
apa: 'Herrmann, J.-P., Tackenberg, S., Srirajan, T. P., & Nitsch, V. (2026).
Incorporating scheduling autonomy of workers into flexible job shop scheduling:
Learning and balancing decentralized task sequencing decisions with overall scheduling
performance. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 84(2), 541–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.12.020'
bjps: 'Herrmann J-P et al. (2026) Incorporating Scheduling Autonomy
of Workers into Flexible Job Shop Scheduling: Learning and Balancing Decentralized
Task Sequencing Decisions with Overall Scheduling Performance. Journal of Manufacturing
Systems 84, 541–560.'
chicago: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, Sven Tackenberg, Tharsika Pakeerathan Srirajan,
and Verena Nitsch. “Incorporating Scheduling Autonomy of Workers into Flexible
Job Shop Scheduling: Learning and Balancing Decentralized Task Sequencing Decisions
with Overall Scheduling Performance.” Journal of Manufacturing Systems
84, no. 2 (2026): 541–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.12.020.'
chicago-de: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, Sven Tackenberg, Tharsika Pakeerathan Srirajan
und Verena Nitsch. 2026. Incorporating scheduling autonomy of workers into flexible
job shop scheduling: Learning and balancing decentralized task sequencing decisions
with overall scheduling performance. Journal of Manufacturing Systems 84,
Nr. 2: 541–560. doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.12.020,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip
; Tackenberg, Sven ; Srirajan,
Tharsika Pakeerathan ; Nitsch, Verena:
Incorporating scheduling autonomy of workers into flexible job shop scheduling:
Learning and balancing decentralized task sequencing decisions with overall scheduling
performance. In: Journal of Manufacturing Systems Bd. 84. Amsterdam, Elsevier
BV (2026), Nr. 2, S. 541–560'
havard: 'J.-P. Herrmann, S. Tackenberg, T.P. Srirajan, V. Nitsch, Incorporating
scheduling autonomy of workers into flexible job shop scheduling: Learning and
balancing decentralized task sequencing decisions with overall scheduling performance,
Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 84 (2026) 541–560.'
ieee: 'J.-P. Herrmann, S. Tackenberg, T. P. Srirajan, and V. Nitsch, “Incorporating
scheduling autonomy of workers into flexible job shop scheduling: Learning and
balancing decentralized task sequencing decisions with overall scheduling performance,”
Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 541–560, 2026, doi:
10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.12.020.'
mla: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, et al. “Incorporating Scheduling Autonomy of Workers
into Flexible Job Shop Scheduling: Learning and Balancing Decentralized Task Sequencing
Decisions with Overall Scheduling Performance.” Journal of Manufacturing Systems,
vol. 84, no. 2, 2026, pp. 541–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.12.020.'
short: J.-P. Herrmann, S. Tackenberg, T.P. Srirajan, V. Nitsch, Journal of Manufacturing
Systems 84 (2026) 541–560.
ufg: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip u. a.: Incorporating scheduling autonomy of workers
into flexible job shop scheduling: Learning and balancing decentralized task sequencing
decisions with overall scheduling performance, in: Journal of Manufacturing
Systems 84 (2026), H. 2, S. 541–560.'
van: 'Herrmann JP, Tackenberg S, Srirajan TP, Nitsch V. Incorporating scheduling
autonomy of workers into flexible job shop scheduling: Learning and balancing
decentralized task sequencing decisions with overall scheduling performance. Journal
of Manufacturing Systems. 2026;84(2):541–60.'
date_created: 2026-01-12T08:29:09Z
date_updated: 2026-01-12T08:54:27Z
department:
- _id: DEP7027
doi: 10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.12.020
intvolume: ' 84'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Human-centered scheduling
- Job autonomy
- Learning-to-rank
- Flexible job shop scheduling
- Human decision-making
- Explainable artificial intelligence
language:
- iso: eng
page: 541-560
place: Amsterdam
publication: Journal of Manufacturing Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0278-6125
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Incorporating scheduling autonomy of workers into flexible job shop scheduling:
Learning and balancing decentralized task sequencing decisions with overall scheduling
performance'
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 84
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '13350'
abstract:
- lang: ger
text: In einer humanzentrierten Kleinserien- und Einzelfertigung mit Werkstattorganisation
verfügen Fertigungsmitarbeitende häufig über eine hohe Autonomie und Entscheidungsfreiheit.
Das Zusammenspiel individueller Planungsstrategien von Mitarbeitenden innerhalb
eines Fertigungsprozesses kann sich positiv als auch negativ auf das Erreichen
der produktionslogistischen Zielgrößen auswirken. In diesem Beitrag wird eine
Variante des Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems vorgestellt, welches das Entscheidungsverhalten
autonomer Arbeitspersonen bezüglich der Bearbeitungsreihenfolgebildung berücksichtigt.
Weiterhin wird die Ableitung arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen
durch die Analyse individueller Planungsstrategien von Arbeitspersonen mittels
Methoden der erklärbaren künstlichen Intelligenz demonstriert. Betrachtungsgegenstand
der Analyse ist die Entscheidung von Arbeitspersonen, in welcher Reihenfolge sie
ihre täglichen Aufgaben abarbeiten. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion
über die Nutzung der vorgestellten Verfahren zur Ableitung von arbeitsorganisatorischen
Gestaltungsempfehlungen.
author:
- first_name: Jan-Phillip
full_name: Herrmann, Jan-Phillip
id: '75846'
last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Sven
full_name: Tackenberg, Sven
id: '71470'
last_name: Tackenberg
- first_name: Verena
full_name: Nitsch, Verena
last_name: Nitsch
citation:
ama: Herrmann JP, Tackenberg S, Nitsch V. Analyse Der Entscheidungsfindung von
Fertigungsmitarbeitenden Durch Erklärbare Künstliche Intelligenz Zur Ableitung
Arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen. (Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft
e.V. Sankt Augustin, ed.). GfA-Press; 2025:415-420. doi:10.61063/FK2025
apa: 'Herrmann, J.-P., Tackenberg, S., & Nitsch, V. (2025). Analyse der Entscheidungsfindung
von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden durch erklärbare künstliche Intelligenz zur Ableitung
arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen. In Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft
e.V. Sankt Augustin (Ed.), Arbeit 5.0: Menschzentrierte Innovationen für die
Zukunft der Arbeit (pp. 415–420). GfA-Press. https://doi.org/10.61063/FK2025'
bjps: 'Herrmann J-P, Tackenberg S and Nitsch V (2025) Analyse Der Entscheidungsfindung
von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden Durch Erklärbare Künstliche Intelligenz Zur Ableitung
Arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen, Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft
e.V. Sankt Augustin (ed.). Sankt Augustin: GfA-Press.'
chicago: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, Sven Tackenberg, and Verena Nitsch. Analyse
Der Entscheidungsfindung von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden Durch Erklärbare Künstliche
Intelligenz Zur Ableitung Arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen.
Edited by Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft e.V. Sankt Augustin. Arbeit
5.0: Menschzentrierte Innovationen Für Die Zukunft Der Arbeit. Sankt Augustin:
GfA-Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.61063/FK2025.'
chicago-de: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, Sven Tackenberg und Verena Nitsch. 2025. Analyse
der Entscheidungsfindung von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden durch erklärbare künstliche
Intelligenz zur Ableitung arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen.
Hg. von Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft e.V. Sankt Augustin. Arbeit 5.0:
Menschzentrierte Innovationen für die Zukunft der Arbeit. Sankt Augustin:
GfA-Press. doi:10.61063/FK2025,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip
; Tackenberg, Sven ; Nitsch,
Verena ; Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft
e.V. Sankt Augustin (Hrsg.): Analyse der Entscheidungsfindung von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden
durch erklärbare künstliche Intelligenz zur Ableitung arbeitsorganisatorischer
Gestaltungsempfehlungen. Sankt Augustin : GfA-Press, 2025'
havard: J.-P. Herrmann, S. Tackenberg, V. Nitsch, Analyse der Entscheidungsfindung
von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden durch erklärbare künstliche Intelligenz zur Ableitung
arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen, GfA-Press, Sankt Augustin, 2025.
ieee: 'J.-P. Herrmann, S. Tackenberg, and V. Nitsch, Analyse der Entscheidungsfindung
von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden durch erklärbare künstliche Intelligenz zur Ableitung
arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen. Sankt Augustin: GfA-Press,
2025, pp. 415–420. doi: 10.61063/FK2025.'
mla: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip, et al. “Analyse Der Entscheidungsfindung von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden
Durch Erklärbare Künstliche Intelligenz Zur Ableitung Arbeitsorganisatorischer
Gestaltungsempfehlungen.” Arbeit 5.0: Menschzentrierte Innovationen Für Die
Zukunft Der Arbeit, edited by Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft e.V. Sankt
Augustin, GfA-Press, 2025, pp. 415–20, https://doi.org/10.61063/FK2025.'
short: J.-P. Herrmann, S. Tackenberg, V. Nitsch, Analyse Der Entscheidungsfindung
von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden Durch Erklärbare Künstliche Intelligenz Zur Ableitung
Arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen, GfA-Press, Sankt Augustin, 2025.
ufg: 'Herrmann, Jan-Phillip/Tackenberg, Sven/Nitsch, Verena: Analyse der
Entscheidungsfindung von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden durch erklärbare künstliche
Intelligenz zur Ableitung arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen, hg.
von Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft e.V. Sankt Augustin, Sankt Augustin 2025.'
van: 'Herrmann JP, Tackenberg S, Nitsch V. Analyse der Entscheidungsfindung von
Fertigungsmitarbeitenden durch erklärbare künstliche Intelligenz zur Ableitung
arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen. Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft
e.V. Sankt Augustin, editor. Arbeit 5.0: Menschzentrierte Innovationen für die
Zukunft der Arbeit. Sankt Augustin: GfA-Press; 2025.'
conference:
end_date: 2025-03-27
location: Aachen
name: 71. Kongress der Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft e.V.
start_date: 2025-03-25
corporate_editor:
- Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft e.V. Sankt Augustin
date_created: 2026-01-29T10:20:46Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T12:24:29Z
department:
- _id: DEP7020
doi: 10.61063/FK2025
keyword:
- Flexible Job Shop Scheduling
- Learning To Rank
- Erklärbare Künstliche Intelligenz
- Planungsautonomie
- Simulation
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.gesellschaft-fuer-arbeitswissenschaft.de/publikationen_gfa-press-tagungsband.htm
oa: '1'
page: 415-420
place: Sankt Augustin
publication: 'Arbeit 5.0: Menschzentrierte Innovationen für die Zukunft der Arbeit'
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-3-936804-36-2
publication_status: published
publisher: GfA-Press
status: public
title: Analyse der Entscheidungsfindung von Fertigungsmitarbeitenden durch erklärbare
künstliche Intelligenz zur Ableitung arbeitsorganisatorischer Gestaltungsempfehlungen
type: conference_editor_article
user_id: '83781'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '12834'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In the context of Industry 4.0, extensive deployment and application of advanced
manufacturing equipment and various sensors is leading to a growing demand for
data exchange between different devices. In smart factories, network transmission
has multiprotocol features of wired/wireless communication, and different data
flows have different real-time requirements. In this article, a heterogeneous
network architecture based on software-defined network is proposed for realizing
cross-network flexible forwarding of multisource manufacturing data and optimized
utilization of network resources. Subsequently, the mechanism of cross-network
fusion and scheduling (CNFS) is analyzed from the perspective of high dynamic
characteristics and different delay requirements of data flows. Based on this
analysis, a route-aware data flow dynamic reconstruction algorithm is proposed.
The proposed algorithm improves the efficiency of manufacturing data cross-network
fusion, especially for multivariety and small-batch intelligent manufacturing
systems. Furthermore, for meeting the bandwidth requirements of different delay
flows, a delay-sensitive network bandwidth scheduling algorithm is proposed. Finally,
the effectiveness of the proposed CNFS mechanism is verified using a candy packaging
intelligent production line prototype platform.
author:
- first_name: Jiafu
full_name: Wan, Jiafu
last_name: Wan
- first_name: Jun
full_name: Yang, Jun
last_name: Yang
- first_name: Shiyong
full_name: Wang, Shiyong
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Di
full_name: Li, Di
last_name: Li
- first_name: Peng
full_name: Li, Peng
id: '58937'
last_name: Li
- first_name: Min
full_name: Xia, Min
last_name: Xia
citation:
ama: Wan J, Yang J, Wang S, Li D, Li P, Xia M. Cross-Network Fusion and Scheduling
for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory. IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Informatics. 2019;16(9):6059-6068. doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2952669
apa: Wan, J., Yang, J., Wang, S., Li, D., Li, P., & Xia, M. (2019). Cross-Network
Fusion and Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory. IEEE Transactions
on Industrial Informatics, 16(9), 6059–6068. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2952669
bjps: Wan J et al. (2019) Cross-Network Fusion and Scheduling for
Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
16, 6059–6068.
chicago: 'Wan, Jiafu, Jun Yang, Shiyong Wang, Di Li, Peng Li, and Min Xia. “Cross-Network
Fusion and Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory.” IEEE Transactions
on Industrial Informatics 16, no. 9 (2019): 6059–68. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2952669.'
chicago-de: 'Wan, Jiafu, Jun Yang, Shiyong Wang, Di Li, Peng Li und Min Xia. 2019.
Cross-Network Fusion and Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 16, Nr. 9: 6059–6068. doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2952669,
.'
din1505-2-1: 'Wan, Jiafu ; Yang,
Jun ; Wang, Shiyong ; Li, Di ; Li,
Peng ; Xia, Min: Cross-Network
Fusion and Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory. In: IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Informatics Bd. 16. New York, NY, Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (2019), Nr. 9, S. 6059–6068'
havard: J. Wan, J. Yang, S. Wang, D. Li, P. Li, M. Xia, Cross-Network Fusion and
Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory, IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Informatics. 16 (2019) 6059–6068.
ieee: 'J. Wan, J. Yang, S. Wang, D. Li, P. Li, and M. Xia, “Cross-Network Fusion
and Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory,” IEEE Transactions
on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 6059–6068, 2019, doi: 10.1109/tii.2019.2952669.'
mla: Wan, Jiafu, et al. “Cross-Network Fusion and Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networks
in Smart Factory.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16,
no. 9, 2019, pp. 6059–68, https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2952669.
short: J. Wan, J. Yang, S. Wang, D. Li, P. Li, M. Xia, IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Informatics 16 (2019) 6059–6068.
ufg: 'Wan, Jiafu u. a.: Cross-Network Fusion and Scheduling for Heterogeneous
Networks in Smart Factory, in: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
16 (2019), H. 9, S. 6059–6068.'
van: Wan J, Yang J, Wang S, Li D, Li P, Xia M. Cross-Network Fusion and Scheduling
for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.
2019;16(9):6059–68.
date_created: 2025-04-23T08:35:16Z
date_updated: 2025-06-26T13:26:20Z
department:
- _id: DEP5023
doi: 10.1109/tii.2019.2952669
external_id:
isi:
- '000542966300043'
intvolume: ' 16'
isi: '1'
issue: '9'
keyword:
- Heterogeneous networks
- Real-time systems
- Bandwidth
- Job shop scheduling
- Smart manufacturing
- Computer architecture
- Cross-network fusion
- heterogeneous networks
- network resource
language:
- iso: eng
page: 6059-6068
place: New York, NY
publication: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1941-0050
issn:
- 1551-3203
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
status: public
title: Cross-Network Fusion and Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 16
year: '2019'
...