---
_id: '12854'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Assessing nutrient loading and processing is crucial for water quality management
    in lakes and reservoirs. Quantifying and reducing external nutrient inputs in
    these systems remains a significant challenge. The difficulty arises from low
    monitoring frequencies of the highly dynamic external inputs and the limited availability
    of measures to reduce diffuse source loading. One option for the latter is the
    use of pre-dams, i.e. small impoundments at the inflow points into reservoirs,
    designed to retain nutrients by algal uptake and sedimentation. This study analyzes
    long-term (ranging from 8 to 22 years) nutrient and discharge time series for
    nine German pre-dams to assess their retention capacity. For that, we (i) quantified
    nutrient loading using four different mathematical methods, (ii) derived their
    retention efficiencies, and (iii) identified environmental factors determining
    the retention of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silica (Si). We show that retention
    of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (43.6 %) and total phosphorus (TP) (39.9
    %) is far higher than for nitrate (NO3) (15.3 %) and Si (15.9 %). The retention
    efficiency for SRP and TP was higher during the warm seasons because of higher
    algal nutrient uptake and thus higher nutrient sedimentation. Mixed effects models
    documented a significant positive effect of the pre-dams' hydraulic residence
    time (HRT) on retention efficiency. Pre-dams provide substantial service in retaining
    nutrients and help to protect downstream waterbodies from nutrient inputs. They
    provide effective measures for trapping nutrients including those originating
    from non-point sources.
article_number: '122864'
author:
- first_name: Taynara
  full_name: Fernandes, Taynara
  last_name: Fernandes
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Schultze, Martin
  last_name: Schultze
- first_name: Chenxi
  full_name: Mi, Chenxi
  last_name: Mi
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Determann, Maria
  last_name: Determann
- first_name: Karsten
  full_name: Rinke, Karsten
  last_name: Rinke
citation:
  ama: 'Fernandes T, Shatwell T, Schultze M, Mi C, Determann M, Rinke K. How efficient
    are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study on nutrient retention.
    <i>Water research : a journal of the International Water Association</i>. 2024;272.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>'
  apa: 'Fernandes, T., Shatwell, T., Schultze, M., Mi, C., Determann, M., &#38; Rinke,
    K. (2024). How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study
    on nutrient retention. <i>Water Research : A Journal of the International Water
    Association</i>, <i>272</i>, Article 122864. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>'
  bjps: '<b>Fernandes T <i>et al.</i></b> (2024) How Efficient Are Pre-Dams as Reservoir
    Guardians? A Long-Term Study on Nutrient Retention. <i>Water research : a journal
    of the International Water Association</i> <b>272</b>.'
  chicago: 'Fernandes, Taynara, Tom Shatwell, Martin Schultze, Chenxi Mi, Maria Determann,
    and Karsten Rinke. “How Efficient Are Pre-Dams as Reservoir Guardians? A Long-Term
    Study on Nutrient Retention.” <i>Water Research : A Journal of the International
    Water Association</i> 272 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>.'
  chicago-de: 'Fernandes, Taynara, Tom Shatwell, Martin Schultze, Chenxi Mi, Maria
    Determann und Karsten Rinke. 2024. How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians?
    A long-term study on nutrient retention. <i>Water research : a journal of the
    International Water Association</i> 272. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>,
    .'
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Fernandes, Taynara</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell, Tom</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schultze,
    Martin</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mi, Chenxi</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Determann, Maria</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Rinke,
    Karsten</span>: How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term
    study on nutrient retention. In: <i>Water research : a journal of the International
    Water Association</i> Bd. 272. Amsterdam [u.a.], Elsevier BV (2024)'
  havard: 'T. Fernandes, T. Shatwell, M. Schultze, C. Mi, M. Determann, K. Rinke,
    How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study on nutrient
    retention, Water Research : A Journal of the International Water Association.
    272 (2024).'
  ieee: 'T. Fernandes, T. Shatwell, M. Schultze, C. Mi, M. Determann, and K. Rinke,
    “How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study on nutrient
    retention,” <i>Water research : a journal of the International Water Association</i>,
    vol. 272, Art. no. 122864, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>.'
  mla: 'Fernandes, Taynara, et al. “How Efficient Are Pre-Dams as Reservoir Guardians?
    A Long-Term Study on Nutrient Retention.” <i>Water Research : A Journal of the
    International Water Association</i>, vol. 272, 122864, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864</a>.'
  short: 'T. Fernandes, T. Shatwell, M. Schultze, C. Mi, M. Determann, K. Rinke, Water
    Research : A Journal of the International Water Association 272 (2024).'
  ufg: '<b>Fernandes, Taynara u. a.</b>: How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians?
    A long-term study on nutrient retention, in: <i>Water research : a journal of
    the International Water Association</i> 272 (2024).'
  van: 'Fernandes T, Shatwell T, Schultze M, Mi C, Determann M, Rinke K. How efficient
    are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study on nutrient retention.
    Water research : a journal of the International Water Association. 2024;272.'
date_created: 2025-04-24T06:36:16Z
date_updated: 2025-06-24T14:12:42Z
department:
- _id: DEP8000
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122864
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001377992000001'
  pmid:
  - '39647312'
intvolume: '       272'
isi: '1'
keyword:
- Nutrient load calculation
- Phosphorus
- Nitrogen
- Silica
- Retention efficiency
- Lakes
language:
- iso: eng
place: Amsterdam [u.a.]
pmid: '1'
publication: 'Water research : a journal of the International Water Association'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-2448
  issn:
  - 0043-1354
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: How efficient are pre-dams as reservoir guardians? A long-term study on nutrient
  retention
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 272
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '12228'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau possesses the largest alpine lake system, which
    plays a crucial role in the land-atmosphere interaction. We report first observations
    on the thermal and radiation regime under ice of the largest freshwater lake of
    the Plateau. The results reveal that freshwater lakes on the Tibetan Plateau fully
    mix under ice. Due to strong solar heating, water temperatures increase above
    the maximum density value 1–2 months before the ice break, forming stable thermal
    stratification with subsurface temperatures >6°C. The resulting heat flow from
    water to ice makes a crucial contribution to ice cover melt. After the ice breakup,
    the accumulated heat is released into the atmosphere during 1–2 days, increasing
    lake-atmosphere heat fluxes up to 500 W m−2. The direct biogeochemical consequences
    of the deep convective mixing are aeration of the deep lake waters and upward
    supply of nutrients to the upper photic layer.
author:
- first_name: Georgiy B
  full_name: Kirillin, Georgiy B
  last_name: Kirillin
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Shatwell, Tom
  id: '86424'
  last_name: Shatwell
  orcid: 0000-0002-4520-7916
- first_name: Lijuan
  full_name: Wen, Lijuan
  last_name: Wen
citation:
  ama: Kirillin GB, Shatwell T, Wen L. Ice‐Covered Lakes of Tibetan Plateau as Solar
    Heat Collectors. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. 2021;48(14). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093429">10.1029/2021gl093429</a>
  apa: Kirillin, G. B., Shatwell, T., &#38; Wen, L. (2021). Ice‐Covered Lakes of Tibetan
    Plateau as Solar Heat Collectors. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, <i>48</i>(14).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093429">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093429</a>
  bjps: <b>Kirillin GB, Shatwell T and Wen L</b> (2021) Ice‐Covered Lakes of Tibetan
    Plateau as Solar Heat Collectors. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i> <b>48</b>.
  chicago: Kirillin, Georgiy B, Tom Shatwell, and Lijuan Wen. “Ice‐Covered Lakes of
    Tibetan Plateau as Solar Heat Collectors.” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>
    48, no. 14 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093429">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093429</a>.
  chicago-de: Kirillin, Georgiy B, Tom Shatwell und Lijuan Wen. 2021. Ice‐Covered
    Lakes of Tibetan Plateau as Solar Heat Collectors. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>
    48, Nr. 14. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093429">10.1029/2021gl093429</a>,
    .
  din1505-2-1: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kirillin, Georgiy B</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Shatwell, Tom</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wen,
    Lijuan</span>: Ice‐Covered Lakes of Tibetan Plateau as Solar Heat Collectors.
    In: <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i> Bd. 48. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley (2021), Nr. 14'
  havard: G.B. Kirillin, T. Shatwell, L. Wen, Ice‐Covered Lakes of Tibetan Plateau
    as Solar Heat Collectors, Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (2021).
  ieee: 'G. B. Kirillin, T. Shatwell, and L. Wen, “Ice‐Covered Lakes of Tibetan Plateau
    as Solar Heat Collectors,” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, vol. 48, no. 14,
    2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093429">10.1029/2021gl093429</a>.'
  mla: Kirillin, Georgiy B., et al. “Ice‐Covered Lakes of Tibetan Plateau as Solar
    Heat Collectors.” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, vol. 48, no. 14, 2021,
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093429">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093429</a>.
  short: G.B. Kirillin, T. Shatwell, L. Wen, Geophysical Research Letters 48 (2021).
  ufg: '<b>Kirillin, Georgiy B./Shatwell, Tom/Wen, Lijuan</b>: Ice‐Covered Lakes of
    Tibetan Plateau as Solar Heat Collectors, in: <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>
    48 (2021), H. 14.'
  van: Kirillin GB, Shatwell T, Wen L. Ice‐Covered Lakes of Tibetan Plateau as Solar
    Heat Collectors. Geophysical Research Letters. 2021;48(14).
date_created: 2024-12-08T19:59:08Z
date_updated: 2024-12-11T08:34:29Z
department:
- _id: DEP8022
doi: 10.1029/2021gl093429
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        48'
issue: '14'
keyword:
- alpine lakes
- extreme environments
- ake-atmosphere interaction
- lake ice
- radiatively driven convection
- winter limnology
language:
- iso: eng
place: Hoboken, NJ
publication: Geophysical Research Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1944-8007
  issn:
  - 0094-8276
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Ice‐Covered Lakes of Tibetan Plateau as Solar Heat Collectors
type: scientific_journal_article
user_id: '83781'
volume: 48
year: '2021'
...