@misc{12791, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing is being increasingly focused on the production of end-use parts. Compared to the prototyping application, the production of end-use parts demands a higher level of repeatability and process quality. To achieve this, increased knowledge is required about the influence of various process parameters on the part characteristics and the parameter interrelations. Design of Experiment methods can be applied to gain knowledge on the process behavior, but the applicability of different DoE methods for AM processes has to be validated. This paper describes the application of a definitive screening design for the identification of influencing parameters in Selective Laser Melting. The experimental setup and results are described and opportunities and limitations of the method are discussed. (C) 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}}, author = {{Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{13th International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control (IFAC) Workshop on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS)}}, issn = {{2405-8963}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, quality control, process qualification, process control, screening design}}, location = {{Oshawa, CANADA}}, pages = {{270--275}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{DoE Methods for Parameter Evaluation in Selective Laser Melting}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.10.041}}, volume = {{52}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{12792, abstract = {{Additive Manufacturing has arisen as a ground-breaking set of technologies that, thanks to their capability of continuous improvements in performance and cost-efficiency, was able in the last years to replace well-established manufacturing processes. Proficiency in the fabrication of highly complex parts forced this astonishing development. This research is based on the idea that through the integration of additive and conventional manufacturing technologies it is possible to achieve great cost and operational benefits especially in the field of tool making for injection molding. Such an integrated manufacturing solution could overcome the limitations of independent additive, subtractive, and post-processing procedures by strengthening their potentialities. The present study highlights the opportunities of a synergy between the above-mentioned manufacturing technologies for the optimized fabrication of injection molds. An additive manufacturing process chain is presented, and special attention is given to the surface quality and its optimization directly in the Selective Laser Melting process. The potentialities of the Laser Surface Re-melting technique are analyzed, and the process optimization leads to a reduction of 45% of the average roughness directly in the SLM process. (C) 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}}, author = {{Simoni, Filippo and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{13th International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control (IFAC) Workshop on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS)}}, issn = {{2405-8963}}, keywords = {{Direct rapid tooling, toolmaking, additive manufacturing process chain, process control, production systems, selective laser melting, surface roughness, laser surface re-melting}}, location = {{Oshawa, CANADA}}, pages = {{254--259}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Approach Towards Surface Improvement in Additively Manufactured Tools}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.10.032}}, volume = {{52}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{12834, abstract = {{In the context of Industry 4.0, extensive deployment and application of advanced manufacturing equipment and various sensors is leading to a growing demand for data exchange between different devices. In smart factories, network transmission has multiprotocol features of wired/wireless communication, and different data flows have different real-time requirements. In this article, a heterogeneous network architecture based on software-defined network is proposed for realizing cross-network flexible forwarding of multisource manufacturing data and optimized utilization of network resources. Subsequently, the mechanism of cross-network fusion and scheduling (CNFS) is analyzed from the perspective of high dynamic characteristics and different delay requirements of data flows. Based on this analysis, a route-aware data flow dynamic reconstruction algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm improves the efficiency of manufacturing data cross-network fusion, especially for multivariety and small-batch intelligent manufacturing systems. Furthermore, for meeting the bandwidth requirements of different delay flows, a delay-sensitive network bandwidth scheduling algorithm is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed CNFS mechanism is verified using a candy packaging intelligent production line prototype platform.}}, author = {{Wan, Jiafu and Yang, Jun and Wang, Shiyong and Li, Di and Li, Peng and Xia, Min}}, booktitle = {{IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics}}, issn = {{1941-0050}}, keywords = {{Heterogeneous networks, Real-time systems, Bandwidth, Job shop scheduling, Smart manufacturing, Computer architecture, Cross-network fusion, heterogeneous networks, network resource}}, number = {{9}}, pages = {{6059--6068}}, publisher = {{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}}, title = {{{Cross-Network Fusion and Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networks in Smart Factory}}}, doi = {{10.1109/tii.2019.2952669}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{550, abstract = {{Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are increasingly used for final part production. Especially technologies for processing of metal, like Selective LaserMelting (SLM), arefocusedin this area. The shift from prototyping towards final part production results in enhanced requirements for repeatability and predictability of the part quality. Machine manufacturers offer process monitoring solutions for different aspects of the production process, like the powder bed surface, the melt pool, and the laser energy. Nevertheless, the significance of these systems is not fully proven and threshold values for the monitored process parameters have to be determined for each product individually. This impedes the development of suitable process control systems. The paper gives an overview ofexistingresearch approaches and available process monitoring systems for SLM and their applicability for predicting certain part characteristics. The existing solutions are evaluated based on own research results. Next, AM specific difficulties for the development of process control tools and possible solutions are discussed.}}, author = {{Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-03-0}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Process capability, Process monitoring, Quality assurance, Final part production}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{17--28}}, title = {{{Process Control for Selective Laser Melting - Opprtunities and Limitations}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{552, abstract = {{Since additive manufacturing (AM) is continuously growing, the influence of processing conditions and setup parameters on microstructural and mechanical properties of additively manufacturedcomponents needs to be clarified. The paper discusses an experimental approach for the identification of influencing parameters in Selective Laser Melting; this consists of an evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of final parts, depending on the chosen process parameters. The Design of Experiments is used to get valid results from a limited number of experiments. The research work focuses on the application of a Definitive Screening Design to identify the most important influencing parameters: Several parameters of the hatch and the contour exposure are varied, as well as the position and orientation of the samples in the build chamber. A maraging steel and a CoCr alloy are used, and the mechanical and physical properties of the samples are evaluated. The interdependencies between the variation of the factors and the observed properties are analyzed.}}, author = {{Simoni, F. and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-03-0}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Process parameters, Design of Experiments, Density measurement}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{43--55}}, title = {{{Analysis of Influencing Parameters on Mechanical and Physical Properties of SLM Parts}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{553, abstract = {{Selective laser melting is a powder bed fusion technology that uses a laser as an energy source in order to directly build fullydensemetal parts. Optimal fabrication requires a comprehensiveunderstanding of the main processing,as it affectsthe part quality. Wherefore, the objective of this paper is to perform a survey, data checking and collecting ofprovided parameters to compare and contextualize it versus the respective values used in the processby the research studies. The work is focused on cobalt-chromium alloys (CoCr) which are widely used in dental and medical applications. This work focusesonsurfacequality and hardness as built and after the post-processes. As well, the approaches in bond strength after post-processing are considered, comparing the results made by different manufacturing techniques. Finally, this work compares results acquired in surface roughness asbuilt, and tensile strength of parts made by selective laser melting versus the traditional technique cast, before and after heat treatment.}}, author = {{Silva Gimenes Gandara, Joyce and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-03-0}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Material properties, Part properties, Process parameters}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{57--69}}, title = {{{Selective Laser Melting - CoCr Approach: Analysis of Manufacturer Parameters Versus Research Results}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{554, abstract = {{Light guiding structures, like optical waveguides or fibers, take an important role in several industries, e.g. communication, sensing, illumination or medical applications. For the latter, it could be very interesting to have the possibility to manufacture problem-adapted structureswith a mechanicalfunctionality andwith additional embedded optical or electrical sensor functionalities.Modern additive manufacturing (AM) technologies like Stereolithography (SLA) or Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) may provide these opportunities.This paper is aimedto figure out the light guiding opportunities of both technologies. For this different kind of structures are built by FLM and SLA. To compare both manufacturing technologies, the layout of each structure is identical for both technologies. After manufacturing, the transmission and the attenuation of the guided light of these structures areanalyzed by measurement.Then the measurement results of the different technologies are compared with each other.}}, author = {{Beyer, Micha and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production engineering and management : proceedings 8th international conference, October 04 and 05, 2018, Lemgo, Germany}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-03-0}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Optical sensors, SLA technology, FLM technology}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{70--82}}, title = {{{Comparsion of FLM and SLA Processing Technologies Towards Manufacturing of Optical Waveguides for Communicationi and Sensing Applications}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{4259, abstract = {{This paper presents a prototype of an intelligent assistive system for workers in stationary manual assembly using projection-based augmented reality (AR) and intelligent hand tracking. By using depth cameras, the system can track the hands of the user and makes the user aware of wrong picking actions or errors in the assembly process. The system automatically adapts the digital projection-based overlay according to the current work situation. The main research contribution of our work is the presentation of a novel hand-tracking algorithm. In addition, we present the results of an user study of the system that shows the challenges and opportunities of our system and the hand-tracking algorithm in particular. We assume that our results will inform the future design of assistive systems in manual assembly.}}, author = {{Büttner, Sebastian and Sand, Oliver and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{European Conference on Ambient Intelligence}}, isbn = {{978-3-319-56996-3}}, keywords = {{Augmented reality, Mobile projection, Hand tracking, Manufacturing, Industry 4.0}}, location = {{ Malaga, Spain}}, pages = {{33--45}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Exploring Design Opportunities for Intelligent Worker Assistance: A New Approach Using Projetion-Based AR and a Novel Hand-Tracking Algorithm}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-319-56997-0_3}}, volume = {{10217}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{570, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) has matured rapidly during the last years due to the advancement of AM machines and materials. Nevertheless, the widespread adoption of AM is still challenged by producing parts with reliable quality. The aim of this paper is t o introduce a first approach to apply in-situ monitoring for quality evaluation of produced parts. Based on the monitored data, a model is developed, in order to predict the quality of ready built parts.}}, author = {{Scheideler, Eva and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineeringand Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-01-6}}, keywords = {{Nondestructive quality control, Predictive analytics, Metal model, Additive manufacturing}}, location = {{Pordenone, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{89--100}}, title = {{{Nondestructive Quality Check of Additive Manufactured Parts Using Empirical Models}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{573, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have not only revolutionized product development and design by enabling rapid prototyping. They also gained influence on production in general, mainly because of their direct manufacturing capabilities. In the context of Industry 4.0 and the related process automation, innovative and advanced production technologies with completely new approaches are required [1]. AM technologies contribute to this with their advantages like freedom of design, cost efficient product individualization, and functional integration. On the other hand, AM still shows shortcomings in exploiting its full potential. Most current AM technologies are only applicable for manufacturing with singular materials. In particular, opportunities for processing of optically or electrically conductive materials are still missing. This paper contributes to the advancement of additive manufacturing of two different material variants or even two completely different materials. A special focus is laid on producing a part that combines mechanical with optical or electrical functionalities in one process step. The ultimate goal is to integrate sensor functionalities into an AM object, e.g. strain gauges. Extrusion processes, predominantly Fused Layer Modeling (FLM), are preferred in this research due to their mechanically simple machine setup in which additional functional materials can be adapted easily to the build process. In a first step, the general manufacturability has been evaluated. Thereafter, the resulting optical transmission properties have been analyzed. Especially the attenuation has to remain below a threshold value to accomplish a minimum signal-to-noise ratio.}}, author = {{Ehlert, Patrick and Stübbe, Oliver and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-01-6}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Embedded optical waveguides, Electrical conductors, Embedded systems, FLM technology, Sensors}}, location = {{Pordenone, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{127--136}}, title = {{{Investigation on the Direct Manufacturing of Waveguides and Sensors Using FLM Technology}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{575, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing technologies can provide cost and time advantages in mold making, compared to traditional approaches. Nevertheless, their applicability is not yet completely proven, especially in terms of surface finishing. The aim of this research work is to create perfect mold inserts by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and to optimize surface quality. Therefore a process is developed to reduce the effort of surface quality optimization including a high flexibility in design. The tested process shows that simple and affordable methods can lead to usable molds with only minor restrictions in terms of appearance. Due to the initial reduction of layer thicknesses and distinct settings of laser melting parameters, the surface smoothness is significantly enhanced during the SLM building process. Subsequently blasting, manual grinding, as well as polishing operations, enable a selective smoothening of the surface up to a polished finish. As a result, the built tool parts can be used instantly for injection molding.}}, author = {{Elstermeyer, O. and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-01-6}}, keywords = {{Tool making, Direct rapid tooling, Additively manufactured molds, Selective laser melting, Additive manufacturing process chain, Post-processing}}, location = {{Pordenone, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{101--113}}, title = {{{SLM Based Tooling for Injection Molding - Focus on Reduced Effort in Surface Quality Optimization}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{579, abstract = {{Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a powder bed fusion process to produce additively metal parts. From the current point of view, it seems to be one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies for the production of end use parts. An increasing number of examples prove the successful application of SLM for technical part production. Nevertheless, they also show the enormous effort that is still required to qualify the production process of every single part individually.The present paper gives an overview of the major influencing factors of the SLM process. To get a comprehensive research approach, existing publications on the topic are taken into account as well as own experimental work, evaluating the effects of the process parameters on the relative density of samples made from tool steel. The experimental setup and the results are described and opportunities for the further research work are discussed.}}, author = {{Huxol, Andrea and Scheideler, Eva and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-01-6}}, keywords = {{Selective laser melting, Additive manufacturing, Process parameters, Process optimization}}, location = {{Pordenone, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{13--34}}, title = {{{Influencing Factors on Part Quality in Selective Laser Melting}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{580, abstract = {{Additive Manufacturing (AM) is increasingly used to design new products. This is possible due to the further development of the AM-processes and materials. The lack of quality assurance of AM built parts is a key technological barrier that prevents manufacturers from adopting. The quality of an additive manufactured part is influenced by more than 50 parameters, which make process control difficult. Current research deals with using real time monitoring of the melt pool as feedback control for laser power. This paper illustrates challenges and opportunities of applying statistical predictive modeling and unsupervised learning to control additive manufacturing. In particular, an approach how to build a feedforward controller will be discussed.}}, author = {{Scheideler, Eva and Ahlemeyer-Stubbe, Andrea}}, booktitle = {{ Production engineering and management : proceedings 7th international conference, September 28 and 29, 2017, Pordenone, Italy }}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-01-6}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Process control, Predictive modeling, Predictive control}}, location = {{Pordenone, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{3--12}}, title = {{{Quality Control of Additive Manufacturing Using Statistical Prediction Models}}}, volume = {{2017}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{4303, abstract = {{The increasing demand to customize products affects production workers in many industries, as assembly tasks become more complex due to higher product variety. Assistive systems providing instructions at the workplace have been proposed to overcome increasing cognitive demand during assembly tasks. Commercially available assistive systems provide spatially registered instructions, either by using in-situ projections or head-mounted displays (HMDs). As there is little empirical knowledge about the individual advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, we are interested in comparing both types of systems. Through a user study at a manual assembly workplace, we compare both approaches to a paper baseline. Our results reveal that both in-situ instructions and paper instructions lead to significantly faster task completion times and significantly fewer errors than HMDs. Using additional questionnaires and interviews, we are able to identify the shortcomings of HMD-based instructions and discuss the possibilities of using flexible in-situ instructions for worker assistance.}}, author = {{Büttner, Sebastian and Funk, Markus and Sand, Oliver and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{9th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA '16) }}, isbn = {{978-1-4503-4337-4}}, keywords = {{Spatial Augmented Reality, Industrial Augmented Reality, Projection-based Augmented Reality, Head-Mounted Display, Manufacturing, Assistive System}}, location = {{Corfu; Greece }}, pages = {{1--8}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{Using Head-Mounted Displays and In-Situ Projection for Assistive Systems : A Comparison}}}, doi = {{10.1145/2910674.2910679}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{457, abstract = {{Additive Manufacturing (AM) increasingly enables the realization of structures, which have a much greater freedom of design und can therefore better use nature as a design ideal. Bionic design principles have already been introduced into general design approaches, and several topology optimization systems (TO) are available today to increase structural stiffness and to enable lightweight design. AM and TO, used in synergy, promise completely new application areas. However, staircase effects resulting from a layer-by-layer build process and unavoidable support structures which must be mechanically removed afterwards are disadvantageous with respect to surface texture and strength properties. The present article addresses the question of how far the notches resulting from the staircase effect of Additive Manufacturing and the support structures removed decrease the strength of components. Most engineers try to follow the inner flow of forces in a part’s design by smoothening surfaces in notched areas. Considering this, a elected component is investigated with finite element analysis (FEA) with special regard for the concentration of tress arising from surface notch effects. An outlook is given as regards how a reduction of the notch effect from the taircase effect can be achieved effectively.}}, author = {{Scheideler, Eva and Villmer, Franz-Josef and Adam, G. and Timmer, Mirco}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management Proceedings 6th International Conference}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-00-9}}, keywords = {{Additive Manufacturing, Topology optimization, Staircase effect, Support structures, Stress concentration, Lightweight construction, Design rules, Notch effect}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{39--50}}, title = {{{Topology Optimization and Additive Manufacturing – A Perfect Symbiosis?}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{473, abstract = {{Additive Manufacturing (AM) describes a number of technologies that generate three-dimensional objects directly from CAD data by joining volume elements. Dental technology is one sector in which the benefits of AM come into effect, as parts such as frameworks or implants are unique objects often with freeform shapes. These objects are difficult and expensive to produce with subtractive or formative technology. During the last decades, the application of digital technologies in the dental industry has increased. Therefore AM has also evolved to become a standard dental framework manufacturing process. While previously the dental laboratory did the complete manufacturing of dental frameworks, AM parts are usually produced by service providers, thus increasing the number of process participants. Under these circumstances, a reliable high quality production must be ensured. This requires a comprehensive Quality Management (QM) concept for the whole process chain. A first step in the evelopment of this QM concept is the definition of the product requirements, from which process specifications can be determined. These specifications build the basis for evaluating the process capability of the Additive Manufacturing process.}}, author = {{Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, keywords = {{Additive Manufacturing, Dental frameworks, Quality management, Digital manufacturing}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{15--26}}, title = {{{Special Requirements for Additive Manufacturing of Dental Frameworks}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{687, author = {{Büttner, Sebastian and Sand, Oliver and Röcker, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct}}, isbn = {{978-1-4503-3653-6}}, keywords = {{Augmented Reality, Manufacturing, Mobile Projection}}, location = {{Kopenhagen, Denmark}}, pages = {{1130--1133}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{Extending the Design Space in Industrial Manufacturing Through Mobile Projection}}}, doi = {{10.1145/2786567.2794342}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{598, abstract = {{The aerospace sector is characterized by long product life cycles and a need for lightweight design. Additive manufacturing is a technology that produces parts layer by layer and thus enables the manufacturing of any complex parts at nearly no extra costs. A topology optimization enhances the part’s performance for their special purpose. The results are often complex bionic structures that cannot be produced with conventional manufacturing technologies. The paper analyzes how the high potential of this technologycan be applied to aerospace parts. A topology optimization will be conducted for an aircraft part explaining the crucial points and a life cycle analysis examines the achieved sustainable improvements for the aircraft’s life cycle. }}, author = {{Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-941645-11-0}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, topology optimization, aerospace, life cycle costs}}, location = {{Trieste, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{207--218}}, title = {{{Hybrid Manufacturing Machines: Combining Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Technologies}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{671, abstract = {{Additive manufacturing processes such as laser sintering are characterized by a high rate of innovation, are a standard procedure in rapid prototyping and are becoming increasingly important in small-series production. Despite the growing importance of additive manufacturing processes, there are no comprehensive ergonomic studies about work using additive manufacturing systems. This study therefore investigates the working processes of laser sintering systems. The method is guided by the DIN EN ISO 9241-210:2011 standard and helps to record the context of use, to accomplish usability tests and to develop design recommendations. The outcome of the study shows that the efficiency of the laser sintering operating process can be significantly increased by implementing ergonomic recommendations and consequently further improve the employees’ working conditions.}}, author = {{Riediger, Daniel and Hinrichsen, Sven and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, keywords = {{ergonomic design, additive manufacturing, laser sintering, usability}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{61--68}}, publisher = {{Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe}}, title = {{{Ergonomic Design of Laser Sintering Systems - Results of an Empirical Study}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @misc{8274, abstract = {{The need for multiple radio systems in overlapping regions of a factory plant introduces a coexistence problem. The current research challenge is to design and realize radio systems that should be able to achieve a desired quality of service (QoS) in this coexisting environment. Currently transmission resources of hyperspace are not properly exploited. The cognitive radio (CR), which can adapt to the environmental changes by reconfiguring itself, can be used to implement intelligent radio systems to exploit the orthogonal nature of multiple dimensions of hyperspace to maintain the desired QoS in coexisting factory environments. We present initial results of a coexistence optimized CR which can exploit frequency and power, which are two of several dimensions of hyperspace, to improve its QoS in coexisting environments.}}, author = {{Ahmad, Kaleem and Meier, Uwe and Pape, Andreas and Kwasnicka, Halina and Griese, Bjoern}}, booktitle = {{ 2009 6th IEEE Annual Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks Workshops}}, isbn = {{978-1-4244-3938-6}}, keywords = {{Cognitive radio, Quality of service, Space technology, Frequency, Production facilities, Chromium, Manufacturing automation, Intelligent systems, Polarization, Testing}}, location = {{Rome, Italy }}, publisher = {{IEEE }}, title = {{{A Generic Cognitive Radio for Evaluating Coexistence Optimized Industrial Automation Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/SAHCNW.2009.5172916}}, year = {{2009}}, }