@misc{13327, abstract = {{The aim of this study was to investigate if vibroacoustic methods may be used for the non-destructive determination of beef during its aging process. The vibroacoustic method was based on the observation of mechanical changes in the meat during the aging process and was compared with reference data obtained by Warner-Bratzler shear force measurement as well as sensory testing of the tenderness using a ten-part scale. To evaluate the mechanical properties, transfer functions were used representing the time dependency of the signal and thus the viscoelastic behaviour. In this study, a total of 31 roastbeef samples from 16 different young bulls and two older cows were examined from day of slaughter to day 21 of cold storage with regard to their tenderness. For this purpose, vibroacoustic measurements were carried out on the unprocessed/raw meat at intervals of 1–3 days. The reference measurements using sensor technology and Warner-Bratzler shear force measurement were carried out on the first (day of slaughter) and last (21st day) day on slices of roast beef cooked with saturated steam. In the results of all three methods, the shear force measurement, the sensory test and the vibroacoustic method, showed that roastbeef from the same animal but different halves produced different results. Basically, it is possible to predict the tenderness of roastbeef by taking measurements at the beginning of the maturing process for the end of the maturing period using vibroacoustic methods: Data analysis led to a trend function that roughly reflects the actual tenderness, which is generally higher than the real tenderness represented by the shear-force measurement. In order to obtain a better resolution for recording the mechanical changes during the aging process, the measurements should be carried out at shorter intervals.}}, author = {{Tholen, Janna and Gohe, Jan and Dörksen, Helene and Kiesel, Theo and Upmann, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Food Physics}}, issn = {{2950-0699}}, keywords = {{Warner-Bratzler shear force, Vibroacoustic methods, Non-destructively measurement, Viscoelastic meat}}, number = {{9}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Tenderness prediction for beef using novel data analysis methods based on system dynamic and acoustic signals}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.foodp.2024.100017}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{12028, abstract = {{Since the early 2000s, forest owners in Central Europe have increasingly planted Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana (STEV.) SPACH) and Noble fir (Abies procera REHD.) for Christmas trees, intending to convert them into high forests. Climate-related damage, especially since 2018, has significantly reduced spruce populations, requirering a shift towards climate-adaptable tree species in future forests. Additionally, to reduce CO2 emissions from construction, there's a push for expanding timber construction, requiring non-spruce species for load-bearing products and applications. Although Nordmann and Noble fir are potential alternatives to spruce, they are not yet integrated into European standardization for load-bearing construction. Therefore, an assessment of German-origin Nordmann and Noble fir for use in glued laminated building products (GLT and CLT) is underway. Kiln-dried lamellas are graded visually and by machine using longitudinal vibration, with selected lamellas tested for tensile strength. Various mechanical properties are determined using non-destructive and destructive methods to establish input parameters for Finite Element Analysis (FEA). }}, author = {{Frühwald-König, Katja and Hackel, Martin and Kipp, Dennis and Lüke, Karin and Stracke, Felix Leonard and Burghaus, Noah and Wieland, Stefanie}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 23rd International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium}}, keywords = {{Nordmann fir, Noble fir, grading, elastomechanical properties, ultrasonic testing, vibration measurement}}, location = {{Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil}}, pages = {{192--204}}, publisher = {{United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)}}, title = {{{Nordmann and Noble fir Lamellas for Structural Purposes – Grading and Determination of Elastomechanical Properties by Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @misc{10788, abstract = {{For process monitoring, an adequate data preprocessing is crucial to link accessible inline process data with offline measured target variables. Literature, however, does not provide systematic preprocessing strategies. The effects of five different preprocessing strategies on data from a Dielectric Spectroscopy system applied to the Viable Cell Density (VCD) of a mammalian cell cultivation were thus evaluated. Single-frequency measurements are typically used to model the VCD over the growth phase using linear regression or the Cole-Cole model and served as a reference. As multi-frequency measurement is promising to model the VCD beyond the growth phase using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), we further aimed to determine, whether replacing linear regression by PLSR shows comparable modeling performance. All five preprocessing strategies led to comparable results. Exemplary, when using capacitance values at a frequency of 3347 kHz, linear regression resulted in a R2 of 0.90 and a standard deviation of 0.4 % on average. Both normalization techniques had the same positive effect on the results of PLSR. The order of smoothing and normalization was irrelevant for both regression methods. Comparing the results of linear regression and PLSR, the latter obtained on average 9 % better results. Therefore, we concluded that PLSR is preferable over linear regression and is potentially suitable to model the VCD beyond the growth phase, which is suggested to be investigated based on more data sets.}}, author = {{Ramm, Selina and Hernández Rodriguez, Tanja and Frahm, Björn and Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam}}, booktitle = {{2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)}}, editor = {{Jasperneite, Jürgen and Wisniewski, Lukasz and Fung Man, Kim}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-9314-7}}, issn = {{1935-4576}}, keywords = {{Spectroscopy, Smoothing methods, Systematics, Phase measurement, Linear regression, Data models, Dielectric measurement}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, pages = {{1--6}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Systematic Preprocessing of Dielectric Spectroscopy Data and Estimating Viable Cell Densities}}}, doi = {{10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218012}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{12706, abstract = {{Vaseline, also referred to as petrolatum, is a colloidal dispersion of liquid-crystalline structures of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. It has long been recognized for its versatile applications in the pharmaceutical industry, with its use in the formulation of various topical medications, wound care products, and drug delivery systems. For pharmaceutical use, petrolatum has to meet the quality standards described in its Pharmacopoeia monograph. The comprised test ranges allow for a broad range of Vaseline qualities on the market, while the tests themselves only poorly discriminate between grades. The only differentiating properties are related to the melting behavior, which is tested via drop point analysis, and the consistency, addressed in the functionality-related characteristics section. In this study, we propose the hypothesis that Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could be a comparably simple method to evaluate the crystalline behavior of Vaseline qualities. We expect such information to provide additional details for Vaseline quality discrimination. This discrimination would allow the most suitable petroleum jelly to be selected for an existing formulation when the previous one needs to be replaced; for example, due to a manufacturer change. We demonstrate that NIRS in transmission and reflectance mode obtained by traditional continuous spectra acquisition and fragmented NIR spectra acquisition through multi-optical, multi-modal excitation, respectively, can both serve as a basis for detecting Vaseline quality differences, which we have further proven by thermal analysis and tests with semisolid formulations. Additionally, we demonstrate that a lower-cost multi-optical spectrometer in reflectance mode can detect Vaseline quality differences in rotated samples.}}, author = {{Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Lohweg, Volker and Al-Karawi, Claudia and Pein-Hackelbusch, Miriam}}, booktitle = {{2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)}}, editor = {{Dörksen, Helene and Scanzio, Stefano and Jasperneite, Jürgen and Wisniewski, Lukasz and Man, Kim Fung and Sauter, Thilo and Seno, Lucia and Trsek, Henning and Vyatkin, Valeriy }}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-9314-7}}, keywords = {{multimodal sensing, crystalline materials, microstructure, rotation measurement, PCA, calorimetry, pharmaceuticals, European Pharmacopoeia}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{A Novel Spectroscopic Approach for Vaseline Quality Discrimination}}}, doi = {{10.1109/indin51400.2023.10218318}}, year = {{2023}}, } @misc{8436, abstract = {{Today DC offers far-reaching advantages over AC. Therefore, many devices have been equipped with an internal DC link for years. In the field of energy supply, the use of DC technology is also growing and is state of the art e.g. in offshore, high-voltage, automotive and data center applications. The spread of industrial open DC grids is currently starting and is completely different due to the requirements: The DC grid itself and energy flows in an industrial environment are highly dynamic and bidirectional. Due to the low impedance electrical connection of the DC links of many devices, stored energies in fault cases as well as ripple currents during operation place particular requirements on the devices.}}, author = {{Puls, Simon and Koch, Jan-Niklas and Ehlich, Martin and Borcherding, Holger}}, booktitle = {{EPE Proceeding 2022}}, isbn = {{978-9-0758-1539-9}}, issn = {{2325-0313}}, keywords = {{Industries, Semiconductor device measurement, Capacitors, Europe, High-voltage techniques, Inverters, Circuit faults}}, location = {{Hannover}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Particular Requirements on Drive Inverters for Safe and Robust Operation on an Open Industrial DC Grid}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @misc{9211, abstract = {{Lifetime tests of connectors are time consuming and labor intensive. Our study reveals a strong correlation between the statistical characteristics of contact resistance development in the early stages of lifetime tests and the final results of the tests. This correlation enables a further time lapse of lifetime tests and the prediction of the state of the health of connectors which can be utilized in the development of diagnostic strategy in sophisticated networks with very high number of connectors as well as in a quick classification of connectors with respect to their design features. Methods of statistical evaluation are introduced and the sensitivity analyses of different characteristics for the state of health of connectors are conducted.}}, author = {{Song, Jian and Shukla, Abhay Rammurti and Probst, Roman}}, booktitle = {{Electrical contacts - 2022 : proceedings of the Sixty-Seventh IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-5966-2}}, issn = {{2158-9992}}, keywords = {{Connectors, Correlation, Sensitivity analysis, Contact resistance, Lifetime estimation, Reliability, Electrical resistance measurement}}, location = {{Tampa, FL, USA}}, pages = {{272 -- 278}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{State of Health of Connectors – Early Indicators}}}, doi = {{10.1109/HLM54538.2022.9969839}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inbook{6884, abstract = {{Product variety and short product life cycles are characteristic features of modern assembly systems. When variety gets very high, assembly processes usually become very complex, leading to time losses, human errors, and other negative impacts of system performance. In order to prevent such performance declines different informational assistance systems become part of manual assembly systems, offering additional instructions concerning handling and insertion. Otherwise, such systems can result in additional cognitive load rather than decreasing it. Using mobile physiological measures like heart rate variability (HRV) and eye movements just in time changes of overall cognitive load are detectable. As expected, these data indicate increases of mental workload when task demands are becoming more complex. Practical and theoretical concerns, limitations and chances will be discussed.}}, author = {{Bläsing, Dominic and Hinrichsen, Sven and Bornewasser, Manfred}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing}}, editor = {{Ahram , T. and Taiar, R. and Gremeaux-Bader , V. and Aminian, K.}}, isbn = {{9783030442668}}, issn = {{2194-5357}}, keywords = {{Assembly assistance systems, Manual assembly, Cognitive load, Physiological measurement, Heart rate variability}}, pages = {{495 -- 500}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Reduction of Cognitive Load in Complex Assembly Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-030-44267-5_75}}, year = {{2020}}, } @phdthesis{4919, abstract = {{AbstractThe industrial production ofwood-based compo-sites (WBCs) features the core processes in theforming and press line,which are characterisedby densification and the curing of resin-blended furnish materialto obtain a panel from a formed mat in a continuous or batch-wise process.Here, the reliable measurement of process parameters and panel properties is indispensablefor moni-toring and controllingproductionand quality.The in-plane area density(𝜌A)of the mat and the raw density(𝜌)of the panel,along withits vertical rawdensity profile (RDP),aretypically determined through nondestructivemeans of radiometric de-vices.X-ray systems for density measurement on WBCsare commonly usedin both industry and research. Theyfollow a similar basic princi-pleof radiation transmissionwith specificsetups depending onthe measuring taskat hand. De-tector signalsare evaluated regarding relative radiation transmission, which is well-knownto followBeer’s law of exponential attenuation.Note here, particular conditions regarding radia-tion (energyand beam geometry) and material properties (consistent and homogeneous) are expected. These conditions, however, cannot be consistently achieved in applied radiometric in-vestigationson WBCs [...]}}, author = {{Solbrig, Konrad}}, keywords = {{density measurement, radiation transmission, porous low-Z composite material, true density, elemental composition and ash content, effective atomic number, mass attenuation coefficient, X-ray energy spectrum, law of attenuation, beam hardening and radiation build-up, radiation-physical interdependencies, Dichtemessung, Durchstrahlung, poröser Verbundwerkstoff, Reindichte, elementare Zusammensetzung und Aschegehalt, effektive Ordnungszahl, Massenschwächungskoeffizient, Röntgenspektrum, Schwächungsgesetz, Strahlaufhärtung und Strahlungsaufbau, strahlungsphysikalische Wechselbeziehungen}}, pages = {{453}}, publisher = {{Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky }}, title = {{{Applied Investigations on Wood-Based Composites in the Context of X-Ray Densitometry}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{2005, abstract = {{We present a method for the fast and robust linear classification of badly conditioned data. In our considerations, badly conditioned data are such data which are numerically difficult to handle. Due to, e.g. a large number of features or a large number of objects representing classes as well as noise, outliers or incompleteness, the common software computation of the discriminating linear combination of features between classes fails or is extremely time consuming. The theoretical foundations of our approach are based on the single feature ranking, which allows fast calculation of the approximative initial classification boundary. For the increasing of classification accuracy of this boundary, the refinement is performed in the lower dimensional space. Our approach is tested on several datasets from UCI Reposi-tiory. Experimental results indicate high classification accuracy of the approach. For the modern real industrial applications such a method is especially suitable in the Cyber-Physical-System environments and provides a part of the workflow for the automated classifier design}}, author = {{Dörksen, Helene and Lohweg, Volker}}, booktitle = {{23rd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}}, keywords = {{Task analysis, Software, Linear discriminant analysis, Dimensionality reduction, Mathematical model, Covariance matrices, Measurement}}, location = {{ Turin, Italy }}, title = {{{Linear Classification of Badly Conditioned Data. }}}, doi = {{10.1109/ETFA.2018.8502485}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{2007, abstract = {{Multisensor systems are susceptible to sensor ageing effects as well as to environmental changes. Due to these effects, the distribution of sensor measurements may change over time, which is referred to as sensor drift. A multisensor system which adapts to drift by self-monitoring is more durable, requires less manual maintenance, and provides information of higher quality. This contribution proposes an approach for detecting and adapting to sensor drift. The proposed detection algorithm determines the reliability of a sensor based on fuzzy pattern classifiers and a consistency measure. By this means, the inherent redundancy in multisensor systems is exploited to detect drift. Detected drift leads then to a retraining of the classifier on batched data guided by information fusion. The retraining incorporates the estimated magnitude of the drift. The proposed algorithms are evaluated in comparison with state-of-the-art methods in the scope of a publicly available dataset. It is shown that the drift detection algorithm yields results similar to the benchmark algorithm but is less computationally complex. Relearning with the drift-adapted approach results in more robust classifiers with regard to potential future drift.}}, author = {{Holst, Christoph-Alexander and Lohweg, Volker}}, booktitle = {{23rd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}}, keywords = {{Multisensor systems, Temperature measurement, Current measurement, Redundancy, Pollution measurement, Detection algorithms}}, location = {{Torino, Italy}}, title = {{{A Conflict-Based Drift Detection And Adaptation Approach for Multisensor Information Fusion}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ETFA.2018.8502571}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{222, abstract = {{Die Komplexität in der manuellen Montage steigt. In der sog. Mehrprodukt- oder Variantenmontage hat der Beschäftigte permanent zwischen verschiedenen Alternativen auszuwählen. Dies betrifft z.B. zu montierende Teile, Werkzeuge, Fügeverfahren oder Hilfsmittel, die in ganz unterschiedlichen Kombinationen zu verwenden sind. Der Montageprozess wird dadurch aus Sicht des Beschäftigten zu einem kontinuierlichen Auswahlprozess. Dieser stellt zunehmend höhere informatorische und kognitive Anforderungen und steigert die mentale Beanspruchung. Dies hat negative Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitsproduktivität. Informatorische Assistenzsysteme gelten als geeignete Instrumente, moderierenden Einfluss auf diese Entwicklung zu nehmen. Entscheidende Stellgrößen dabei betreffen Fragen, wie komplex die Anforderungen und wie ausgeprägt die subjektiven Ressourcen sowie die mentalen Beanspruchungen sind. Aus diesen Überlegungen werden Empfehlungen zur Gestaltung von informatorischen Assistenzsystemen abgeleitet.}}, author = {{Bornewasser, Manfred and Hinrichsen, Sven and Bläsing, Dominic}}, issn = {{0340-2444}}, journal = {{Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft}}, keywords = {{Complexity, Mental workload, Objective measurement, Informational assistance systems, Cognitive ergonomics}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{264--275}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Informatorische Assistenzsysteme in der manuellen Montage: Ein nützliches Werkzeug zur Reduktion mentaler Beanspruchung?}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/s41449-018-0123-x}}, volume = {{72}}, year = {{2018}}, } @unpublished{2372, abstract = {{Novel industrial wireless applications require wideband, real-time channel characterization due to complex multipath propagation. Rapid machine motion leads to fast time variance of the channel's reflective behavior, which must be captured for radio channel characterization. Additionally, inhomogeneous radio channels demand highly flexible measurements. Existing approaches for radio channel measurements either lack flexibility or wide-band, real-time performance with fast time variance. In this paper, we propose a correlative channel sounding approach utilizing a software-defined architecture. The approach enables real-time, wide-band measurements with fast time variance immune to active interference. The desired performance is validated with a demanding industrial application example.}}, author = {{Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Block, Dimitri and Meier, Uwe}}, booktitle = {{arXiv:1805.01236}}, keywords = {{Correlation, Wireless communication, Real-time systems, Logic gates, Frequency measurement, Libraries, Time measurement}}, pages = {{6}}, title = {{{A Software-Defined Channel Sounder for Industrial Environments with Fast Time Variance}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{2374, abstract = {{Novel industrial wireless applications require wideband, real-time channel characterization due to complex multipath propagation. Rapid machine motion leads to fast time variance of the channel's reflective behavior, which must be captured for radio channel characterization. Additionally, inhomogeneous radio channels demand highly flexible measurements. Existing approaches for radio channel measurements either lack flexibility or wide-band, real-time performance with fast time variance. In this paper, we propose a correlative channel sounding approach utilizing a software-defined architecture. The approach enables wide-band measurements with fast time variance immune to active interference. Furthermore, its real-time capability allows live processing on demand. The desired performance is validated with a demanding industrial application example.}}, author = {{Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Block, Dimitri and Meier, Uwe}}, booktitle = {{2018 15th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)}}, isbn = {{9781538650059}}, keywords = {{Correlation, Wireless communication, Real-time systems, Logic gates, Frequency measurement, Libraries, Time measurement}}, location = {{Lisbon, Portugal}}, title = {{{A Software-Defined Channel Sounder for Industrial Environments with Fast Time Variance}}}, doi = {{10.1109/iswcs.2018.8491207}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{2376, abstract = {{Wireless industrial environments are dominated by multipath propagation and interference. In order to handle spatial diversity, a possible approach is dividing the physical area into many small cells. The spatial diversity is turned into FDMA by utilizing different frequency bands for neighboring cells. A challenging use case with fast vehicles traveling over long distances in a short time is the packaging industry. It would require many fast handoffs for each vehicle. Thus, a small cell FDMA approach is not appropriate. Conversely, employing radiating lines eliminates FDMA-based handoff issues, and reduces multipath delay spread and signal attenuation compared to centralized approaches. Additionally, radiating lines perform well in high-speed, low-power and long-range environments. In this paper, we realize a novel radiating-line-based, high-reliable, real-time transmission system with near-field coupling. This wireless transmission method results in a frequency-flat, time-invariant radio channel for the given requirements. Employing antenna diversity results in significant improvements in the system's performance compared to single antenna solutions.}}, author = {{Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Meier, Uwe and Neugebauer, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}}, isbn = {{9781538671085}}, keywords = {{Spatial diversity, Antenna measurements, Real-time systems, Frequency measurement, Couplings, Antennas}}, location = {{ Turin, Italy}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Performance Analysis of a High-Reliable Real-Time Wireless Transmission System with Near Field Coupling}}}, doi = {{10.1109/etfa.2018.8502494}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{552, abstract = {{Since additive manufacturing (AM) is continuously growing, the influence of processing conditions and setup parameters on microstructural and mechanical properties of additively manufacturedcomponents needs to be clarified. The paper discusses an experimental approach for the identification of influencing parameters in Selective Laser Melting; this consists of an evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of final parts, depending on the chosen process parameters. The Design of Experiments is used to get valid results from a limited number of experiments. The research work focuses on the application of a Definitive Screening Design to identify the most important influencing parameters: Several parameters of the hatch and the contour exposure are varied, as well as the position and orientation of the samples in the build chamber. A maraging steel and a CoCr alloy are used, and the mechanical and physical properties of the samples are evaluated. The interdependencies between the variation of the factors and the observed properties are analyzed.}}, author = {{Simoni, F. and Huxol, Andrea and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Villmer, Franz-Josef and Padoano, Elio}}, isbn = {{978-3-946856-03-0}}, keywords = {{Additive manufacturing, Process parameters, Design of Experiments, Density measurement}}, location = {{Lemgo}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{43--55}}, title = {{{Analysis of Influencing Parameters on Mechanical and Physical Properties of SLM Parts}}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{2375, abstract = {{Industrial wireless communication in license-free spectrum bands such as the 2.4-GHz-ISM band suffer from motion and multipath effects, which cause a high time- and frequency-variant channel attenuation. Additionally, mutual interference from heterogeneous wireless technologies limits real-time capabilities of industrial wireless technologies. Therefore, performance validations of industrial wireless technologies within appropriate industrial wireless environments are necessary. In this paper, we present the first raw measurement data set publication of an industrial wireless environment characterization in a data repository for free public access to enable transparent industrial wireless technology validation and to enhance their comparability. We characterize the whole license-free 2.4-GHz-ISM band with a time resolution of 110 μs and a frequency resolution of 1MHz in a coexistence scenario with four antennas obstructed by robot arm movements. Additionally, the frequency and time variance of the measured channel attenuations are analyzed.}}, author = {{Block, Dimitri and Fliedner, Niels Hendrik and Toews, Daniel and Meier, Uwe}}, booktitle = {{2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)}}, isbn = {{9781467379298}}, keywords = {{Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Antenna measurements, Attenuation measurement, Extraterrestrial measurements, Time-frequency analysis}}, location = {{ Luxembourg, Luxembourg}}, title = {{{Wireless channel measurement data sets for reproducible performance evaluation in industrial environments}}}, doi = {{10.1109/etfa.2015.7301599}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{588, abstract = {{While common measurement techniques like gloss or color measurement are widely used in industry for quality assessment of furniture high gloss surfaces, they indicate only a weak correlation to the quality perceived by the customer. Topography based approaches achieve higher correlation to human perception but are often based on linear measurement which cannot be applied for an overall assessment of larger surfaces. Thus an algorithm was developed to calculate a specific value based on topographic features, such as orange peel, within the research project ‘Development of a comprehensive quality concept for furniture high gloss surfaces’, funded by the federal Ministry of Education and Research. For the evaluation of short waved structures on furniture high gloss surfaces the ratio of hill height to hill area was chosen. This parameter proves to be applicable for an evaluation of the extent of a single. }}, author = {{Huxol, Andrea and Riegel, Adrian and Dekomien, Kerstin}}, booktitle = {{Production Engineering and Management}}, editor = {{Padoano, Elio and Villmer, Franz-Josef}}, isbn = {{978-3-941645-11-0}}, keywords = {{High gloss, surface measurement, topographic features, quality assessment}}, location = {{Trieste, Italy}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{99--110}}, title = {{{Development of an Algorithm for Measuring the Quality of High Gloss Surfaces Correlated to Human Perception}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6317, abstract = {{The electrical-thermal behavior of an electrical connector is determined by heat generation due to Joule heating and heat absorption by conduction, convection and radiation. Heat flow from the connector to the wire is an important heat absorption mechanism for most electrical connectors. The temperature difference between the connector and the wire at infinity is proportional to the axial heat flow induced into the wire. The purpose of this study is to dimension the electrical resistance of a connector for power distribution by the heat flow into the wire. The heat flow is used as a design factor in order to define the maximum power loss for wires with different cross-section areas. With this approach the maximum acceptable electrical resistance for connectors with different sizes can be estimated in the early stages of the design process.}}, author = {{Blauth, Michael and Berger, Frank and Song, Jian}}, booktitle = {{60th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts}}, isbn = {{978-1-4799-6069-9 }}, keywords = {{Wires, Connectors, Temperature measurement, Resistance, Heat transfer, Resistance heating}}, location = {{New Orleans, LA, USA }}, pages = {{192 -- 199}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Influence of the Electrical Resistance and Wire Size on the Current Carrying Capacity of Connectors}}}, doi = {{10.1109/HOLM.2014.7031043}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{2086, abstract = {{Many of the existing fusion approaches based on Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) tend to be unreliable in various scenarios. Therefore, this topic is still in discussion. In this work a Two-Layer Conflict Solving (TLCS) data fusion scheme is proposed which is based on Dempster-Shafer Theory and on Fuzzy-Pattern-Classification (FPC) concepts. The aim is to provide an approach to data fusion which provides a stable conflict scenario handling. Furthermore, the scheme can easily be extended to fuzzy classification and is applicable to sensor fusion applications. Therefore, the suggested approach will contribute as a novel fuzzy fusion method.}}, author = {{Lohweg, Volker and Mönks, Uwe}}, booktitle = {{The 2nd International Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing}}, isbn = {{978-1-4244-6457-9}}, issn = {{2327-1671 }}, keywords = {{Noise measurement, Fuzzy sets, Noise, Sensor fusion, Logic gates, Feature extraction, Fuses}}, location = {{Elba}}, publisher = {{14-16 June, 2010, Elba Island (Tuscany), Italy}}, title = {{{Sensor Fusion by Two-Layer Conflict Solving}}}, doi = {{10.1109/CIP.2010.5604094}}, year = {{2010}}, } @misc{10155, abstract = {{This paper describes a method for automatically obtaining the order and position of contactless connected network participants in a linear physical topology. While the sequence of network devices can be determined with quite simple methods in networks with physical interconnections, these methods can not be applied in contactless networks. This work is based on a linear network topology using a backbone rail, which includes mechanisms for contactless energy and data transmission. The position estimation for each attached network device can be performed by determining a specific physical characteristic, which is altered along the rail extension. The proposed solution uses a capacitive resonant circuit to achieve a position detection.}}, author = {{Wesemann, Derk and Witte, Stefan and Michels, Jan-Stefan}}, booktitle = {{2009 International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering - ELECO 2009}}, isbn = {{978-9944-89-818-8}}, keywords = {{network topology, position measurement, voltage measurement, wireless sensor networks}}, location = {{Bursa, Turkey }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Position Detection in linear, proximity coupling Networks}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ELECO.2009.5355273}}, year = {{2009}}, } @misc{2340, author = {{Frahm, Björn and Blank, H.-C. and Cornand, P. and Oelßner, W. and Guth, U. and Lane, P. and Munack, A. and Johannsen, K. and Pörtner, R.}}, booktitle = {{Journal of Biotechnology}}, issn = {{1873-4863 }}, keywords = {{Dissolved carbon dioxide, Carbon dioxide production rate, Carbon dioxide transfer rate, Off-gas measurement, Mammalian cell suspension culture}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{133--148}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{Determination of dissolved CO2 concentration and CO2 production rate of mammalian cell suspension culture based on off-gas measurement}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(02)00180-3}}, volume = {{99}}, year = {{2002}}, }